scholarly journals A Review of Heavy Metals in Coastal Surface Sediments from the Red Sea: Health-Ecological Risk Assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2798
Author(s):  
Khalid Awadh Al-Mutairi ◽  
Chee Kong Yap
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessments

The heavy metal (HM) pollution in sediment is of serious concern, particularly in the Red Sea environment. This study aimed to review and compile data on the concentrations of four HMs (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the coastal surface sediments from the Red Sea, mainly from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Yemen, published in the literature from 1992 to 2021. The coastal sediments included those from mangrove, estuaries, and intertidal ecosystems. It was found that the mean values of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in coastal Red Sea sediments were elevated and localized in high human activity sites in comparison to the earth upper continental crust and to reference values for marine sediments. From the potential ecological risk index (PERI) aspect, 32 reports (47.1%) were categorized as ‘considerable ecological risk’ and 23 reports (33.8%) as ‘very high ecological risk’. From the human health risk assessment (HHRA) aspect, the non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) values (HI values < 1.0) of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn represented no NCR for the ingestion and the dermal contact routes for sediments from the Red Sea countries. The reassessment of the HM data cited in the literature allowed integrative and accurate comparisons of the PERI and HHRA data, which would be useful in the management and sustainable development of the Red Sea area, besides being a helpful database for future use. This warrants extensive and continuous monitoring studies to understand the current and the projected HM pollution situation and to propose possible protective and conservative measures in the future for the resource-rich Red Sea ecosystem.

Distribution Characteristics and Potential Ecological Risk Assessments and Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments and Water Body of the Yalu River Estuary China

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Yao Qing Wu ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Yalu River ◽  
Total Hg ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessments

Surface sediments and water body of the Yalu River estuary were monitored to evaluate the spatial distribution and the enrichment condition of heavy metals: As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and Zn. Surface sediment samples and water samples were collected from 5 stations, at seven month intervals from May 2012 to November 2012. The correlation of the heavy metals in the surface sediments and the water body was analyzed by using Pearson method. And the method of potential ecological risk index presented by Hakanson was used to evaluate the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in the Yalu River estuary. The results showed that, the order of heavy metals spatial fluctuation degree was Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > total As > Cd > total Hg, the fluctuation degree of total contents of heavy metals was A1 > A3 > A2 ≈ A4 > A5. The evaluation of potential ecological risk showed that, total Hg reflected considerate ecological risk, total As and Cd reflected moderate ecological risk, and the rest of the heavy metals posed a low ecological risk.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Levels in Sediments and of Ecological Risk by Quality Indices, Applying a Case Study: The Lower Danube River, Romania

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Valentina Andreea Calmuc ◽  
Madalina Calmuc ◽  
Maxim Arseni ◽  
Catalina Maria Topa ◽  
Mihaela Timofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Pollution Indices

It is a well–known fact that heavy metal pollution in sediments causes serious problems not only in the Danube basin, but also in the large and small adjacent river streams. A suitable method for assessing the level of heavy metals and their toxicity in sediments is the calculation of pollution indices. The present research aims to assess heavy metal pollution in the Lower Danube surface sediments collected along the Danube course (between 180 and 60 km) up to the point where the Danube River flows into the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO, protected area). In addition, this monitored area is one of the largest European hydrographic basins. Five heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu) were analyzed in two different seasons, i.e., the autumn of 2018 and the spring of 2019, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP– MS) technique. Our assessment of heavy metal pollution revealed two correlated aspects: 1. a determination of the potential risks of heavy metals in sediments by calculating the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), and 2. an evaluation of the influence of anthropogenic activities on the level of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments, using three specific pollution indices, namely, the Geo–Accumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (CF), and the Pollution Load Index (PLI). The results of this pioneering research activity in the region highlighted the presence of moderate metal (Ni and Cd) pollution and a low potential ecological risk for the aquatic environment.

Evaluation of Mercury Contamination in Surface Sediments of Southern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Di Dong ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Chiu Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Severe Degree

Total mercury (T-Hg) concentration was determined to evaluation the distribution, enrichment, accumulation and potential ecological risk of mercury contamination in the surface sediments of southern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Sediment samples from 12 locations located between the river mouths (i.e., Jen-Gen River and Salt River) and harbor entrance of southern Kaohsiung Harbor were collected and characterized for T-Hg, aluminum, water content, organic matter, and grain size. Results showed that the T-Hg concentrations varied from 0.190.45 mg/kg with an average of 0.28±0.09 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of T-Hg reveals is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor entrance region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of Hg pollution; and Hg may drift with sea current to be dispersed into open sea. Results from the enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) analyses imply that the sediments can be characterized between moderate and moderately severe degree enrichment and between none to medium and moderate accumulation of Hg, respectively. Results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has higher to high ecological potential risk.

scholarly journals Ecological and Health Risks Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals and Metalloids Contaminants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alsafran ◽  
Kamal Usman ◽  
Hareb Al Jabri ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Metals And Metalloids ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
Adults And Children

Potentially toxic environmental contaminants, including metals and metalloids, are commonly found in emerging economies. At high concentrations, elements such as As, Cr, and Ni can be hazardous and may lead to various health problems in humans, including cancer. The current study measured As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn concentrations in agricultural soils. Pollution levels and potential negative impacts on human and environmental health were determined using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard methodologies. According to the study’s findings, the studied element concentrations descended in the following order: Zn > Cr > V > Ni > As > Cu > Pb > Cd. Of these, As (27.6 mg/kg), Cr (85.7 mg/kg), Ni (61.9 mg/kg), and Zn (92.3 mg/kg) concentrations were higher than average world background levels. Each of these elements also had an enrichment factor (EF > 1), indicating their anthropogenic origin. The combined pollution load index (PLI > 1) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) range values of −0.2–2.5 further indicated that the soil was polluted up to 58%. However, the ecological risk factor (Er ≤ 40.6) and potential ecological risk index (PERI = 79.6) suggested low ecological risk. A human health risk evaluation showed that only As, with a hazard index (HI) of 1.3, posed a non-carcinogenic risk to infants. Additionally, As, Cr, and Ni, with total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values of 1.18 × 10−4 and 2.06 × 10−4 for adults and children, respectively, proved carcinogenic to both age groups. The elements’ carcinogenic risk (CR) potential descended in the following order: Ni > As > Cr. Additionally, for both adults and children, oral ingestion is the most likely exposure pathway. Our findings support the need for closer monitoring of potentially toxic metals and metalloids levels in cultivated soils and farm produce in Qatar.

scholarly journals An Ecological Risk Assessment of Sediments in a Developing Environment—Batticaloa Lagoon, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Madurya Adikaram ◽  
Amarasooriya Pitawala ◽  
Hiroaki Ishiga ◽  
Daham Jayawardana ◽  
Carla M. Eichler
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Core Samples

The land-sea interface is considered as a threatening environment due to anthropogenic development activities. Unplanned developments can cause effects on important ecosystems, water and human health as well. In this study, the influence of rapid regional development on the accumulation of trace elements to the sediments of an important ecosystem, Batticaloa lagoon, Sri Lanka was examined. Surface sediment pollution status and ecological risk was compared with that of the recent sedimentary history of about 1 m depth. Sediment core samples were collected and analyzed for grain size, organic matter and carbonate contents and trace elements (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr) by the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique. The chemical results of core samples and recently published data of surface sediments of the same project were evaluated by pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PERI) and sediment quality guidelines (SQG). Except for Cr, all other elements in cores show lower concentrations than the SQGs confirming the high Cr contents as recorded in the most of other Sri Lankan sediments. The sediment cores indicate an unpolluted, low ecological risk sedimentary history for all core sampling locations, whereas most of the surface sediments of the lagoon are less polluted with low potential ecological risk. Present anthropogenic practices and illiteracy of this rapid developing region can damage the green environment and hence environmental management planning is suggested for a sustainable future.

scholarly journals Accumulation and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in surface sediments of Han River Estuary, Da Nang City

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thi Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Han River ◽  
Han River Estuary

Deposited sediments contain toxic metals which can pollute surface water as well as aquatic eco-systems. Accumulation of heavy metals in sediment was assessed based on the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), the degree of contamination (Cd value) and potential ecological risk was also proposed based on ecological risk index (RI). The surface sediments collected at Han river estuary, Da Nang city were digested with a mixture of HNO3 nd H2O2, and analyzed for five heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn sing inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), separately using the AAS method for AS .  Results showed that all of metals were detected in sediment samples with mean concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were 9.16; 0.083; 52.5; 45.4; 23.2 and 41.1 mg/kg dw, in respective. Cd values were smaller than 8 suggested that surface sediments of Han river estuary were moderately polluted by this metal.  Besides, the results of potential ecological risk factor show that the risks of heavy metals are in the decreasing order of Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Cd>Zn.

Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Copper in Surface Sediments of Southern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Chiu Wen Chen ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Cheng Di Dong
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Severe Degree

Major objectives of this study are to evaluation the enrichment, accumulation, and potential ecological risk of copper (Cu) in the surface sediments of southern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Twelve sampling locations were installed of southern Kaohsiung Harbor to collect sediment samples for analyzing Cu. Results showed that the Cu concentrations varied from 6.0953 mg/kg with an average of 132±165 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cu reveals that the Cu concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor entrance region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of Cu pollution. Results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses imply that the sediments collected from the Salt River mouth can be characterized very severe degree enrichment and strong accumulation of Cu, respectively. Results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has low to higher ecological potential risk.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Potentially Harmful Trace Elements in Surface Sediments from Lake Dali, North China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
North China ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Contamination Levels

Potentially harmful trace element (PHTE) pollution in lakes has important implications for regional management in North China, yet is seldom investigated. Surface sediments from 13 sites in Lake Dali were collected for PHTE analysis. Combined with the enrichment factor, potential ecological risk index, and multivariate statistical analysis, the spatial distribution and ecological risk of the pollutants were studied. The results showed that the contamination levels of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were minor to moderate. Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and part of Pb pollution were mainly attributed to atmospheric deposition with the development of industry in North China, and As pollution resulted from the agricultural use of chemical fertilizers and As-containing pesticides. For the overall lake, the southwest part requires the most management, and targeted measures should be tailored to mitigate the ecological risk of PHTE pollution.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Soils Adjacent to Electrical Generators in Ramadi City, Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 1077-1087
Author(s):  
Lina F.D. AL-Heety ◽  
Omer M. Hasan ◽  
Emad A. Mohammed Salih Al-Heety
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
The Mean

     This study aims to evaluate the concentration of the heavy metals (Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and their ecological risk in soils adjacent to the power generators of Ramadi city, Iraq. The soil samples were collected from a depth of 20cm. The obtained results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) are ranked as in the following order: Cr (360.90mg/kg) > Ni (283.65mg/kg) > Zn (190.96mg/kg) > Pb (130.75 mg/kg) > Cu (36.54 mg/kg) > Co (16.62 mg/kg) > Cd (2.55 mg/kg). The mean values of HMs concentration exceed the international guidelines. The result of correlation matrix analysis at P £ 0.05 showed significant correlations between the concentrations of HMs. These correlations are interpreted in the context of a common source of pollution and/or common origin. Results of the potential ecological risk factor assessment of metal i (Eir) in soil adjacent to the power generators  of Ramadi city showed that the Eir values take the following descending order: Ni (354.56, very severe) > Cd (255.31, severe) , Co (207.77, severe) > Zn (88.69, heavy) > Cu (25.73, light) > Cr (17.43, light) > Pb (12.0, light). The potential ecological risk index (RI) values are classified as severe ecological risk for all studied heavy metals. This study provides the environmental protection managers and decision-makers with important information about the risk of using electrical generators in residential neighborhoods.

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