scholarly journals Surveillance of U.S. Corporate Filings Provides a Proactive Approach to Inform Tobacco Regulatory Research Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3067
Author(s):  
Samantha Emma Sarles ◽  
Edward C. Hensel ◽  
Risa J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Science ◽  
Product Launch ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Regulatory Actions

The popularity of electronic cigarettes in the United States and around the world has led to a startling rise in youth nicotine use. The Juul® e-cigarette was introduced in the U.S. market in 2015 and had captured approximately 13% of the U.S. market by 2017. Unlike many other contemporary electronic cigarette companies, the founders behind the Juul® e-cigarette approached their product launch like a traditional high-tech start-up company, not like a tobacco company. This article presents a case study of Juul’s corporate and product development history in the context of US regulatory actions. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the value of government-curated archives as leading indicators which can (a) provide insight into emergent technologies and (b) inform emergent regulatory science research questions. A variety of sources were used to gather data about the Juul® e-cigarette and the corporations that surround it. Sources included government agencies, published academic literature, non-profit organizations, corporate and retail websites, and the popular press. Data were disambiguated, authenticated, and categorized prior to being placed on a timeline of events. A timeline of four significant milestones, nineteen corporate filings and events, twelve US regulatory actions, sixty-four patent applications, eighty-seven trademark applications, twenty-three design patents and thirty-two utility patents related to Juul Labs and its associates is presented, spanning the years 2004 through 2020. This work demonstrates the probative value of findings from patent, trademark, and SEC filing literature in establishing a premise for emergent regulatory science research questions which may not yet be supported by traditional archival research literature. The methods presented here can be used to identify key aspects of emerging technologies before products actually enter the market; this shifting policy formulation and problem identification from a paradigm of being reactive in favor of becoming proactive. Such a proactive approach may permit anticipatory regulatory science research and ultimately shorten the elapsed time between market technology innovation and regulatory response.

scholarly journals Surveillance of U.S. Corporate Filings Provides a Proactive Approach to Inform Tobacco Regulatory Research Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Emma Sarles ◽  
Edward C. Hensel ◽  
Risa J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Science ◽  
Product Launch ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Regulatory Actions

The popularity of electronic cigarettes in the United States and around the world has led to a startling rise in youth nicotine use. The Juul e-cigarette was introduced in the U.S. market in 2015 and had captured approximately 13% of the U.S. market by 2017. Unlike many other contemporary electronic cigarette companies, the founders behind the Juul® e-cigarette approached their product launch like a traditional high-tech start-up company, not like a tobacco company. This article presents a case study of Juul’s corporate and product development history in the context of US regulatory actions. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the value of government-curated archives as leading indicators which can (a) provide insight into emergent technologies and (b) inform emergent regulatory science research questions. A variety of sources were used to gather data about the Juul e-cigarette and the corporations that surround it. Sources included government agencies, published academic literature, non-profit organizations, corporate and retail websites, and the popular press. Data was disambiguated, authenticated, and categorized prior to being placed on a timeline of events. A timeline of four significant milestones, nineteen corporate filings and events, twelve US regulatory actions, sixty four patent applications, eighty seven trademark applications, twenty three design patents and thirty two utility patents related to Juul Labs and its associates is presented spanning the years 2004 thought 2020. This work demonstrates the probative value of findings from patent, trademark, and SEC filing literature in establishing a premise for emergent regulatory science research questions which may not yet be supported by traditional archival research literature. The methods presented here can be used to identify key aspects of emerging technologies before products actually enter the market, this shifting policy formulation and problem identification from a paradigm of being reactive in favor of becoming proactive. Such a proactive approach may permit anticipatory regulatory science research and ultimately shorten the elapsed time between market technology innovation and regulatory response.

Development Timeline of the Juul® E-cigarette Reveals a Reactive Approach of Government Agencies to Emerging Technologies (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Sarles ◽  
Edward Hensel Jr ◽  
Risa J Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Science ◽  
Product Launch ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Regulatory Actions

BACKGROUND The popularity of electronic cigarettes in the United States and around the world has led to a startling rise in youth nicotine use. The Juul e-cigarette was introduced in the U.S. market in 2015 and had captured approximately 13% of the U.S. market by 2017. Unlike many other contemporary electronic cigarette companies, the founders behind the Juul® e-cigarette approached their product launch like a traditional high-tech start-up company, not like a tobacco company. OBJECTIVE This article presents a case study of Juul’s corporate and product development history in the context of US regulatory actions. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the value of government-curated archives as leading indicators which can (a) provide insight into emergent technologies and (b) inform emergent regulatory science research questions. METHODS A variety of sources were used to gather data about the Juul e-cigarette and the corporations that surround it. Sources included government agencies, published academic literature, non-profit organizations, corporate and retail websites, and the popular press. Data was disambiguated, authenticated, and categorized prior to being placed on a timeline of events. RESULTS A timeline of four significant milestones, nineteen corporate filings and events, twelve US regulatory actions, sixty four patent applications, eighty seven trademark applications, twenty three design patents and thirty two utility patents related to Juul Labs and its associates is presented spanning the years 2004 thought 2020. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the probative value of findings from patent, trademark, and SEC filing literature in establishing a premise for emergent regulatory science research questions which may not yet be supported by traditional archival research literature. The methods presented here can be used to identify key aspects of emerging technologies before products actually enter the market, this shifting policy formulation and problem identification from a paradigm of being reactive in favor of becoming proactive. Such a proactive approach may permit anticipatory regulatory science research and ultimately shorten the elapsed time between market technology innovation and regulatory response. CLINICALTRIAL Not Applicable.

Implications of  the U.S.–China Trade War  for  Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-81
Author(s):  
Wen-jen Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

The ongoing U.S.-China trade war and ensuing high-tech conflicts are regarded as Taiwan's most crucial opportunity to slow down its progressively increasing economic dependence on China. The impact of the U.S.–China trade tensions on Taiwan are important to analyze because of Taiwan's relatively unique political and economic relationships with the United States and China, especially since the latter views Taiwan as its “breakaway province.” The regression results indicate that Taiwan's outward investment to China is significantly affected by Taiwan's lagged investment and exports to China, and the gap in the economic growth rates between Taiwan and China. Policy implications are provided for Taiwan to alleviate its economic dependency on the Chinese market and the negative impact from the U.S.-China trade war.

Limitation Riders and Congressional Influence over Bureaucratic Policy Decisions

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON A. MACDONALD
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Regulatory Actions

Limitation riders, which allow the U.S. Congress to forbid agencies from spending money for specific uses, enable congressional majorities to exert greater influence over bureaucratic policy decisions than is appreciated by research on policy making in the United States. I develop a theory of limitation riders, explaining why they lead to policy outcomes that are preferable to a majority of legislators compared to outcomes that would occur if this tool did not exist. I assess this perspective empirically by analyzing the volume of limitation riders reported in bills from 1993 to 2002 and all limitation riders forbidding regulatory actions from 1989 to 2009. In addition to supporting the conclusion that Congress possesses more leverage over agencies’ decisions than is currently appreciated, the findings have implications for advancing theories of delegation.

Prevalence and Demographic Differences in Work as a Calling in the United States: Results From a Nationally Representative Sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 106907272199569
Author(s):  
Micah J. White ◽  
Dylan R. Marsh ◽  
Bryan J. Dik ◽  
Cheryl L. Beseler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The U.S

Within the last two decades, social science research on work as a calling has rapidly grown. To date, knowledge regarding prevalence and demographic differences of calling in the United States derives from data collected mainly from regionally limited and/or occupationally homogenous samples. The present study used data from the Portraits of American Life Study, a nationally stratified panel study of religion in the United States (U.S.), to estimate calling’s prevalence in the U.S. Our findings represent the first known population estimates of seeking, perceiving, and living a calling in the U.S. Results revealed that calling is a relevant concept for many U.S. adults, with 43% endorsing “mostly true” or “totally true” to the statement “I have a calling to a particular kind of work.” Small differences for presence of and search for a calling emerged across age groups, employment statuses, and levels of importance of God or spirituality. For living a calling, significant differences were identified only for importance of God or spirituality, contrasting with previous findings that suggested that living a calling varies as a function of income and social status. Implications for research and practice are explored.

scholarly journals Made in China 2025: China’s Strategy for Becoming a Global High-Tech Superpower and its Implications for the U.S. Economy, National Security, and Free Trade

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Derek Adam Levine
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technology Acquisition ◽  
Made In China ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Made In

This article addresses how China’s discriminatory trade practices and illicit means of foreign technology acquisition under its Made in China 2025 plan undermine current international trade orders and pose the greatest threat to its existence. Using both primary and secondary data, this article highlights major implications that Made in China 2025 has on free trade, the overall health of the U.S. economy, and U.S. national security. It proposes a multilateral strategy to preserve the current trade system to steer China on track toward honoring its commitment to free trade and identifies how the United States can maintain supremacy throughout the twenty-first century.

High Speed Rail

2016 ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
Raj Selladurai ◽  
George VandeWerken
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The U.S

High-speed rail is gaining momentum worldwide in many countries in the world including the United States and especially in the state of California, Florida, and Texas currently. Focusing on the list of topics below would enable readers including professionals, policy-makers, leaders, staff, academicians, scholars, and students to explore assignments and research into innovative ideas, plans, and strategies related to high-speed rail in the U.S. The chapter presents a list of topics that includes case studies, research questions, projects, and other suggestions to stimulate further research and explore assignments into more optimal formulation and implementation of high-speed rail for the U.S. in the future.

Gender Differences in Adolescents' Attitudes about IT Careers

2011 ◽  
pp. 507-513
Author(s):  
Martha M. Bleeker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
It Workforce ◽  
Bureau Of Labor Statistics ◽  
Employment Data ◽  
American Economy ◽  
The U.S

Adolescents are the fastest growing segment of computer and Internet users, reporting heavier use than their parents (Lenhart, Madden & Hitlin, 2005). Though the popularity of technology continues to flourish and drive the American economy, recent studies suggest that the revolution may be leaving females behind at later ages (Cooper & Weaver, 2003; McDonald, 2004). Employment data from the United States (U.S.) Bureau of Labor Statistics show that the U.S. high-tech computer industry employs nearly 5 million workers, making it one of the nation’s largest and most lucrative industries. Yet the number of women earning computer science degrees in the U.S. has plummeted over the past two decades, causing women to be vastly underrepre-sented in the information technology (IT) workforce (McDonald, 2004; National Science Foundation, 2004).

The United States in Cuban Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-80
Author(s):  
Eduar Barbosa Caro ◽  
Camila Andrea Granados Pérez ◽  
María Emma Jiménez Esguerra
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cuban Government ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
News Events ◽  
News Headlines ◽  
The U.S

This chapter sets out to examine Granma newspaper's representation of the U.S. in its news contents published from March 2010 to December 2018. Based on a content analysis of 989 headlines collected from the tabloid's Internet archives, the chapter answers the following research questions (1) which frames are dominantly used in news headlines related to the United States, (2) how these frames vary with time, and (3) which concepts or terms appear most frequently in the corpus of headlines. The results of the study reveal that Granma newspaper exhibits various forms of anti-Americanism in its issues. It constantly portrays the U.S. as an interventionist/imperialist power that should be blamed for the economic, educational, and housing difficulties in Cuba. The newspaper tends to constantly highlight serious inconsistency between some positive Cuban government declarations about Cuba's relations with the U.S. It equally mostly uses the conflict frame in its coverage of U.S. news events. The chapter thus argues that U.S. news in Granma's columns is constantly slanted according to some psychological biases, two of which include the us vs. them and the capitalists vs. communists. Furthermore, the newspaper constantly uses voices from experts, organizations, or authorities to suggest that lifting the blockade is a matter of utmost urgency that depends entirely on the U.S. Government's decisions.

How the U.S. Press Covers the Canadian Health Care System

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Brundin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Canadian Health Care System ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Canadian Health Care ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Care System

The U.S. media dwell on what they perceive as the shortcomings of the Canadian health care system, and minimize the advantages of providing free medical care for all. Focusing on specialization and high-tech treatments as the most important measure of health care quality, the media overlook the importance of greater access to medical care in promoting health. At the same time, the U.S. media are reluctant to cite the higher infant mortality rates and lower life expectancy rates in the United States compared with Canada.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document