scholarly journals Made in China 2025: China’s Strategy for Becoming a Global High-Tech Superpower and its Implications for the U.S. Economy, National Security, and Free Trade

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Derek Adam Levine
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technology Acquisition ◽  
Made In China ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Made In

This article addresses how China’s discriminatory trade practices and illicit means of foreign technology acquisition under its Made in China 2025 plan undermine current international trade orders and pose the greatest threat to its existence. Using both primary and secondary data, this article highlights major implications that Made in China 2025 has on free trade, the overall health of the U.S. economy, and U.S. national security. It proposes a multilateral strategy to preserve the current trade system to steer China on track toward honoring its commitment to free trade and identifies how the United States can maintain supremacy throughout the twenty-first century.

Made In China 2025 will have narrow success

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

Subject China's Made In China 2025 industrial policy framework. Significance Made In China 2025 (MIC 2025) is a ten-year policy framework for comprehensively upgrading the technological base of China’s manufacturing sector. Its aims to make the country a world leader in high-tech production, and switch it to an innovation-driven and environmentally sustainable pattern of economic growth. Impacts Chinese policymakers will use market forces selectively, seeing them as just one tool among others. There is a risk that heavy state involvement will in some cases hold back competition and innovative private entrepreneurship. Penalties from Washington and other governments will raise the cost of technological espionage, but perhaps not prohibitively. Resistance to Chinese high-tech acquisitions will grow stronger in the West, not only in the United States.

Chinese manufacturers will gain ground in world market

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

Subject China's global market presence in the sectors targeted for development by Made In China 2025. Significance Beijing's 'Made in China 2025' framework aims to make China a leading player in ten high-technology sectors. China’s current position in the global market varies greatly from one targeted industry to another. Comparison with the United States as the world's economic superpower and China’s main rival helps put the grievances Washington expresses towards China in context. Impacts China’s ability to compete on technology and quality will rise significantly, especially in advanced non-electrical and transport machinery. Domestic political pressure on the US government will rise as more US firms face Chinese competition. Trade tensions with the United States will spur indigenous development of technologies for which Chinese firms now depend on US suppliers. A cohort of globally competitive Chinese high-tech firms will develop first; upgrading the whole Chinese economy will take far longer. Even when the technological gap narrows, Chinese firms will continue seeking to acquire high-tech firms in developed countries.

'Made in China 2025' will evolve under US pressure

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The West ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Made In

Subject China's industrial policy. Significance At the heart of the current US-China confrontation over trade and investment is China's ambition to challenge US technological and industrial superiority. This ambition is now often treated as synonymous with its best-known element, the 'Made in China 2025' initiative (MIC 2025) -- a grand plan that sets ambitious targets for expanding high-end manufacturing. Impacts An uneasy relationship between China and the West regarding technology might delay release of technical standards for emerging technologies. China will invest heavily in its basic scientific research capabilities, but will not match the United States any time soon. It may become more difficult to obtain critical information on high-tech sectors and policies if government decides to downplay them.

scholarly journals Surveillance of U.S. Corporate Filings Provides a Proactive Approach to Inform Tobacco Regulatory Research Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3067
Author(s):  
Samantha Emma Sarles ◽  
Edward C. Hensel ◽  
Risa J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Science ◽  
Product Launch ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Regulatory Actions

The popularity of electronic cigarettes in the United States and around the world has led to a startling rise in youth nicotine use. The Juul® e-cigarette was introduced in the U.S. market in 2015 and had captured approximately 13% of the U.S. market by 2017. Unlike many other contemporary electronic cigarette companies, the founders behind the Juul® e-cigarette approached their product launch like a traditional high-tech start-up company, not like a tobacco company. This article presents a case study of Juul’s corporate and product development history in the context of US regulatory actions. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the value of government-curated archives as leading indicators which can (a) provide insight into emergent technologies and (b) inform emergent regulatory science research questions. A variety of sources were used to gather data about the Juul® e-cigarette and the corporations that surround it. Sources included government agencies, published academic literature, non-profit organizations, corporate and retail websites, and the popular press. Data were disambiguated, authenticated, and categorized prior to being placed on a timeline of events. A timeline of four significant milestones, nineteen corporate filings and events, twelve US regulatory actions, sixty-four patent applications, eighty-seven trademark applications, twenty-three design patents and thirty-two utility patents related to Juul Labs and its associates is presented, spanning the years 2004 through 2020. This work demonstrates the probative value of findings from patent, trademark, and SEC filing literature in establishing a premise for emergent regulatory science research questions which may not yet be supported by traditional archival research literature. The methods presented here can be used to identify key aspects of emerging technologies before products actually enter the market; this shifting policy formulation and problem identification from a paradigm of being reactive in favor of becoming proactive. Such a proactive approach may permit anticipatory regulatory science research and ultimately shorten the elapsed time between market technology innovation and regulatory response.

scholarly journals The U.S. Role and Policy in Central Asia: Energy and Beyond

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-51
Author(s):  
AKM Iftekharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The U.S

A significant geopolitical consequence of the demise of the Soviet Union1 in the international arena is the rise of intense political and commercial competition for control of the vast energy resources of the newly independent and vulnerable states of the Caucasus and Central Asia. These energy resources and, in particular, the oil and natural gas deposits have now become the apple of discord in Central Asia introducing a new chapter in the Great Game of control over Eurasia (Hill 1997: 200). The region has great energy potential and is strategically important. The United States has varied and at times competing interests in Central Asia. In the past few years, real and present dangers to the U.S. national security especially Islamist terrorism and threats to the energy supply, have affected the U.S. policy in Central Asia. The region, which includes the five post-Soviet states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, as well as Afghanistan and the Caspian basin, plays an important part in the U.S. global strategy in view of its proximity to Russia, China, India, Pakistan, Iran, and other key regional actors. No less important are its ethno-religious composition and vast deposits of oil, gas, coal, and uranium. Literally, the U.S. interests in Central Asia can be summarized in three simple words: security, energy, and democracy. Moreover, a key U.S. national security concern is the diversification of energy sources and the Caspian region is a significant alternative source of fossil fuels. In this article a critical analysis will be attempted on the U.S. policy and role in central Asia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/afj.v4i0.12931 The Arts Faculty Journal Vol.4 July 2010-June 2011 pp.33-51

scholarly journals A Study of the Environmental Issues Associated with the Dominican RepublicCentral American Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA)

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyamalendu Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Central American ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
The U.S

The Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) with the United States was passed on July 28, 2005. The main goal of DR-CAFTA is to create a free trade zone for economic development. The Agreement is highly controversial with many contentious issues including concern about the environment, which is the focus of this study. The concern is that the environmental objectives are expected to be subservient to trade and other economic incentives which will lead to further deterioration of the environment in countries where the environmental standards are already low. The effects on the U.S. environment are expected to be minimal. However, it is feared that the U.S. manufacturing facilities may relocate to Central American countries to take advantage of low wages and low environmental requirements, which may result in loss of jobs and capital investment in the U.S. However, overall DR-CAFTA is expected to be beneficial in many ways, including an increase in trade and economic growth in all participating countries.

The Paleoconservative Critique of Global Capitalism

2017 ◽  
pp. 167-189
Author(s):  
Peter Kolozi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Capitalist Economy ◽  
Corporate Profits ◽  
The U.S

The paleoconservative critique of capitalism offered by Patrick Buchanan and Samuel Francis focuses on the threat to national independence and the nation’s culture and values by free trade. For paleoconservatives, the United States’ independence is undermined by a business class that prioritizes corporate profits over national interests. Likewise, the global capitalist economy has opened the U.S. to an immigrant population that has gradually eroded the values of white “middle Americans,” the population that is the repository of a unique American culture.

Neoliberalism and Counterinsurgency

Colombia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
North American ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Promotion ◽  
The U.S

How did the U.S.-Colombia free trade agreement come about? The officially named “U.S.-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement” was the stepchild of a rancorous hemispheric divorce between the United States and five Latin American governments over the proposal to extend the North American Free Trade Agreement...

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