Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Korean Older Adults

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly population in Korea. Methods: Cluster analysis was conducted on the data of 1687 elderly participants (797 men and 890 women) aged ≥65 years from the 2014–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), using a 24-h dietary recall survey to assess dietary patterns. Dietary patterns were classified into clusters 1 (typical Korean diet), 2 (high carbohydrate diet), and 3 (healthy diet). The 10-year risk of CVD was calculated based on age, total and HDL-cholesterol levels, systolic blood pressure level, antihypertensive medication use, smoking status, and presence of diabetes. A complex sample general linear model was applied to determine the association between dietary patterns and the 10-year risk of CVD. Results: In total, 275 (33.7%), 141 (17.9%), and 381 (48.3%) men, and 207 (22.6%), 276 (30.9%), and 407(46.6%) women were included in clusters 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The 10-year risk of CVD was lower in men in cluster 3 (healthy diet) than in those in cluster 1 (typical Korean diet) (t = 2.092, p = 0.037). Additionally, the 10-year risk of CVD was lower in men who performed strength training than in those who did not (t = 3.575, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in women. Conclusions: After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, men who consumed a healthy diet had a lower 10-year risk of CVD than those who consumed a typical Korean diet. When organizing nutrition education programs to improve dietary habits in the elderly, content on diets that consist of various food groups to prevent CVD is required. In particular, it is necessary to develop content that emphasizes the importance of healthy eating habits in men.

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Vascular Endothelial Adiponectin Signaling Across the Lifespan

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00533.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kate E. Cohen ◽

Boran Katunaric ◽

Gopika SenthilKumar ◽

Jennifer J. McIntosh ◽

Julie K. Freed

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

The Elderly ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Apparent Paradox ◽

Plasma Adiponectin ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal ◽

Natural Hormones

Cardiovascular disease risk increases with age regardless of sex. Some of this risk is attributable to changes in natural hormones throughout the lifespan. The quintessential example of this being the dramatic increase in cardiovascular disease following the transition to menopause. Plasma levels of adiponectin, a "cardioprotective" adipokine released primarily by adipose tissue and regulated by hormones, also fluctuates throughout one's life. Plasma adiponectin levels increase with age in both men and women, with higher levels in both pre- and post- menopausal women compared to men. Younger cohorts seem to confer cardioprotective benefits from increased adiponectin levels yet elevated levels in the elderly and those with existing heart disease are associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. Here, we review the most recent data regarding adiponectin signaling in the vasculature, highlight the differences observed between the sexes, and shed light on the apparent paradox regarding increased cardiovascular disease risk despite rising plasma adiponectin levels over time.

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Dietary Patterns in a Population Cohort in Uruguay and Associations with Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 548-548

Author(s):

Paula Moliterno ◽

Carmen Donangelo ◽

Juan Vanerio ◽

Romina Nogara ◽

Matias Pecora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Age Groups ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Blood Lipid Profile ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives The impact of habitual diet on chronic diseases has not been extensively characterized in South America. We aimed to identify major dietary patterns (DP) in a population adult cohort in Uruguay (Genotype Phenotype and Environment of Hypertension Study - GEFA-HT-UY) and to assess associations with metabolic and anthropometric markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Methods In a subsample (n = 295), DP were derived by principal component analysis based on 27 food groups (food frequency questionnaire). Total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL, HDL), fasting glucose and insulin (HOMA), 25(OH)D, neutrophils and lymphocytes were measured in blood. Body weight, height, waist and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate by tertile of DP load the adjusted changes of each outcome variable (relative to tertile 1), according to age (splitting by median age, 54 y). The models included sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, and season for 25(OH)D, as covariables. Results Three DP were identified: Meat (MDP), Prudent (PDP), and Cereal and Mate (CMDP), explaining 22.6% of total variance. MDP was characterized by higher loads for red, processed and barbecued meat; PDP by higher loads for vegetables, fish and nuts; and CMDP by higher loads for cereals and mate (traditional infused drink). Protein, sodium and alcohol intake increased, and fibre, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, PUFA) intake decreased, by MDP tertile. Protein, fat (MUFA), fibre and calcium intake increased by PDP tertile. Carbohydrate, sodium and energy intake increased, and PUFA and calcium intake decreased, by CMDP tertile. MDP was associated with lower HDL (−3.1 mg/dl) and 25(OH)D (−3.5 ng/ml), and higher TG/HDL ratio (0.8) and HOMA (0.5), in the older group (P < 0.05). PDP was associated with higher 25(OH)D in both age groups (2.9 and 7.7 ng/ml; P < 0.002). CMDP was associated with higher neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (0.35) in the younger group, and higher LDL (18.2 mg/dl), systolic BP (5.9 mm Hg) and waist/height ratio (0.024) in the older group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Meat DP was associated with worse blood lipid profile in younger adults, Cereal and Mate DP with worse cardiovascular risk markers in older adults, and Prudent DP with higher 25(OH)D in both age groups. Funding Sources CSIC, ANII, Uruguay.

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