scholarly journals Adaptation of Music Therapists’ Practice to the Outset of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Going Virtual: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5138
Author(s):  
Lucia Kantorova ◽  
Jiří Kantor ◽  
Barbora Hořejší ◽  
Avi Gilboa ◽  
Zuzana Svobodova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Residential Home ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Online Music ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Online Therapies

Background: In the midst of a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, music therapists previously not involved in telehealth had to develop effective remote forms of music therapy. The objective of this review was to systematically explore how music therapists previously working in-person adapted to the transfer to remote forms of therapy in the context of the coronavirus outbreak. Methods: We searched Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, Medline, ProQuest Central, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and PsyARTICLES, grey literature (to October 2020), and websites of professional organizations. We followed the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Results: Out of the 194 screened texts, we included ten very heterogeneous articles with an overall very low quality. Most texts described remote therapy in the form of synchronous video calls using the Internet, one paper described a concert in a patio of a residential home. We report the authors’ experience with the adaptation and activities, challenges and benefits of remote forms of therapy, recommendations of organizations, and examples and tips for online therapies. Conclusions: Music therapists have adapted the musical instruments, the hours, the technology used, the therapeutic goals, the way they prepared their clients for sessions, and other aspects. They needed to be more flexible, consult with colleagues more often, and mind the client-therapist relationship’s boundaries. It seems, when taken as a necessary short-term measure, online music therapy works sufficiently well. The majority of papers stated that benefits outweighed the challenges, although many benefits were directly linked with the pandemic context.

Adaptation of Music Therapists´ Practice to the COVID-19 Pandemic - Going Virtual: a Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Kantorova ◽  
Jiri Kantor ◽  
Barbora Horejsi ◽  
Miloslav Klugar ◽  
Zuzana Svobodova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Residential Home ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Traditional Service ◽  
Remote Therapy

BACKGROUND During this worldwide health crisis with its impact on the traditional service delivery models, even music therapists previously not involved in telehealth were required to develop effective remote forms of music therapy. They have encountered changes in service hours and delivery, changes in their positions, increase in using alternative services and have adapted and continued to provide services to their various clients. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to provide an overview of evidence on the experience of music therapists with adapting their therapeutic practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically the transfer of the previously in-person type of therapy into any form of online, remote, contactless service. The review also provides an overview of guidance from music therapy professional organizations. No systematic review has been identified on this topic. METHODS We searched Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, Medline, ProQuest Central, PubMed, EMBASE a PsycINFO s PsyARTICLES, grey literature (on 25th October 2020) and websites of professional organizations, complemented by a thorough manual search of reference lists and relevant journals and papers (in November 2020). We included any type of text from published and unpublished sources with an abstract in English in the year 2020 on how music therapists previously working in-person with their clients adapted to the transfer to remote forms of therapy in the context of the coronavirus outbreak. Risk of bias was not formally assessed. Results were screened and charted by two reviewers independently and presented in a narrative and tabular form. All data are also provided in the supplementary material. RESULTS Ten articles were included in this scoping review which were heterogenous in their design, methods, client groups or setting and their overall quality was very low. Most texts described remote therapy in the form of synchronous video calls using the Internet, while one paper performed a concert in a patio of a residential home. Ten papers provided information on the experience with adapting the services, eight papers contained information on the challenges and benefits of remote forms of therapy, and three associations provided freely available recommendations on their websites. CONCLUSIONS Teleservices should continue to be used in music therapy, and developed and spread even more. We encourage music therapists and organizations to publish their experience with adapting their services during the pandemic. More research is needed to determine how effective remote music therapy is compared to in-person delivery for the various client groups. Researchers should also address costs, barriers, inequities, and risks of remote forms of music therapy, both from the perspective of the therapists and clients/families. Recommendations should be based on evidence, whether scientific or expert, or a combination.

Reflections on the challenges of the new (online) music therapy setting for people with dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Ayelet Dassa ◽  
Kendra Ray ◽  
Amy Clements-Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Online Music ◽  
Online Setting

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic globally enforced safety precautions were implemented resulting in increased social distancing and isolation especially among people with dementia and their caregivers. This critical situation intensified the need to reach and support this already vulnerable population. Music therapists have answered the challenge by providing telehealth music therapy. However, the new online setting raises questions and dilemmas. As music therapists who have worked for many years with people with dementia and their caregivers, we pause to reflect on the new path we took and consider what we can learn and embrace from this new modality of practice.

scholarly journals The Therapeutic Value of Recording in Music Therapy for Adult Clients in a Concurrent Disorders Inpatient Treatment Facility

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Kevin Kirkland ◽  
Shannon Nesbitt
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Concurrent Disorders ◽  
Music Therapist ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Fertile Ground

While recording has traditionally been viewed as a practical, adjunctive role of the music therapist, here the authors examine the skillful use of recording devices and software as fertile ground for the development of therapeutic programs with tangible benefits for adult cli­ents in a concurrent disorders recovery setting. The integration and layering of musical composition with musical performance, digital technologies, and production, invite rich and engaging conversations about therapeutic goals, processes, and outcomes. Using methods of action research inquiry, the authors discuss how their interactions with clients through recording have yielded new insights into therapist roles and identities as well as expressions of music therapy. The case for therapy-oriented recording is outlined and a description of the authors’ research setting and data collection methods identified before a literature review on the use of recording in music therapy is provided. The authors then distinguish four types of therapeutic recording illustrated by case examples from work with clients. Their writing culminates with a discussion of challenges and benefits associated with therapeutic recording. The authors conclude that recording offers critical and rewarding yet often unrecognized opportunities for music therapists to be innovators in their field.

scholarly journals Music Therapy Interventions for Stress Reduction in Adults With Mild Intellectual Disabilities: Perspectives From Clinical Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina de Witte ◽  
Esther Lindelauf ◽  
Xavier Moonen ◽  
Geert-Jan Stams ◽  
Susan van Hooren
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Therapy Goals ◽  
Therapy Interventions

Stress is increasingly being recognized as one of the main factors that is negatively affecting our health, and therefore there is a need to regulate daily stress and prevent long-term stress. This need seems particularly important for adults with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) who have been shown to have more difficulties coping with stress than adults without intellectual disabilities. Hence, the development of music therapy interventions for stress reduction, particularly within populations where needs may be greater, is becoming increasingly important. In order to gain more insight into the practice-based knowledge on how music therapists lower stress levels of their patients with MID during music therapy sessions, we conducted focus group interviews with music therapists working with adults with MID (N = 13) from different countries and clinical institutions in Europe. Results provide an overview of the most-used interventions for stress reduction within and outside of music. Data-analysis resulted in the further specification of therapeutic goals, intervention techniques, the use of musical instruments, and related therapeutic change factors. The main findings indicate that music therapists used little to no receptive (e.g., music listening) interventions for stress reduction, but preferred to use active interventions, which were mainly based on musical improvisation. Results show that three therapy goals for stress relief could be distinguished. The goal of “synchronizing” can be seen as a sub goal because it often precedes working on the other two goals of “tension release” or “direct relaxation,” which can also be seen as two ways of reaching stress reduction in adults with MID through music therapy interventions. Furthermore, the tempo and the dynamics of the music are considered as the most important musical components to reduce stress in adults with MID. Practical implications for stress-reducing music therapy interventions for adults with MID are discussed as well as recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals A Cultural Approach to Music Therapy in New Zealand: a Maori Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dennis Jon Kahui
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Therapy Assessment ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The People

<p>The main theme of this study is to form a culturally appropriate approach to music therapy concepts from a Maori perspective that could be inclusive and accommodate both Maori and Tauiwi (non-Maori) Rangatahi (adolescents) in health care settings. In order to provide a descriptive account of the holistic aspects of introducing Maori musical concepts in a music therapy setting a qualitative design was employed. The study draws on my personal journal entries, an interview with Kaumatua (Maori respected elders) regarding the appropriateness of introducing and altering traditional Maori musicality to accommodate the patient's needs and a case study involving the Haka as a music therapy intervention strategy with a young Maori patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. My findings show that as a music therapist consultation with Kaumatua regarding anything related to Maori cultural aspects was essential. I also found that when working with a Maori Rangatahi who is immersed in Maori culture, it created an atmosphere of containment, familiarity, enjoyment, engagement and an environment that facilitated the achievement of therapeutic goals. Te Whare Tapa Wha Maori mental health model is well suited as a music therapy assessment tool to the characteristics of the physical, emotional, spiritual and family context of the Haka. I also found that Tauiwi music therapists wishing to introduce cultural elements must first learn about Maori culture and the people in order to confidently understand the music. Tauiwi Rangatahi may also benefit from the introduction of Maori musicality as a therapeutic means by being an inclusive member of the community and the positive psychological effects. For example, Rangatahi benefited from learning the proper pronunciation and meaning of the Haka, which in turn gave them a sense of achievement. I also found that some Maori protocols fit well with the protocols of music therapy, such as the beginning and endings with a hello and goodbye song.</p>

Trauma-Informed Care in Music Therapy: Principles, Guidelines, and a Clinical Case Illustration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Heiderscheit ◽  
Kathleen M Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Trauma Informed

Abstract The 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health reports that 9.5 million Americans aged 18 and older have been diagnosed with more than one mental disorder. Music therapists working in mental health treatment settings are likely to work with individuals who have a complex diagnosis defined here as 2 or more of the following: depression, eating disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, substance use disorder, and severe mental illness. Additionally, adverse childhood events or posttraumatic stress disorder often complicate the clinical profile. Given this, a trauma-informed approach to music therapy treatment is necessary to improve outcomes and minimize harm. The risks, contraindications, and ethical considerations necessary to effectively treat and care for these clients in music therapy will be reviewed. Methods of identifying, assessing, and treating these complex clinical issues in music therapy are discussed with the goal of helping clinicians understand: (1) where treatment needs to begin to ensure therapeutic goals addressing primary issues prior to addressing secondary issues and (2) the appropriate use of music therapy methods. The necessity for music therapists to understand the power of the music in the music therapy process is explored, to ensure that clinicians are meeting client needs, not triggering symptomatology, traumatic memories, or experiences. The importance of a clinician knowing their scope of practice, when they are adequately trained and prepared to work with clients with complex disorders, and how to utilize support such as consultation and supervision to support their effective treatment with client(s) is presented.

scholarly journals A Cultural Approach to Music Therapy in New Zealand: a Maori Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dennis Jon Kahui
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Therapy Assessment ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The People

<p>The main theme of this study is to form a culturally appropriate approach to music therapy concepts from a Maori perspective that could be inclusive and accommodate both Maori and Tauiwi (non-Maori) Rangatahi (adolescents) in health care settings. In order to provide a descriptive account of the holistic aspects of introducing Maori musical concepts in a music therapy setting a qualitative design was employed. The study draws on my personal journal entries, an interview with Kaumatua (Maori respected elders) regarding the appropriateness of introducing and altering traditional Maori musicality to accommodate the patient's needs and a case study involving the Haka as a music therapy intervention strategy with a young Maori patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. My findings show that as a music therapist consultation with Kaumatua regarding anything related to Maori cultural aspects was essential. I also found that when working with a Maori Rangatahi who is immersed in Maori culture, it created an atmosphere of containment, familiarity, enjoyment, engagement and an environment that facilitated the achievement of therapeutic goals. Te Whare Tapa Wha Maori mental health model is well suited as a music therapy assessment tool to the characteristics of the physical, emotional, spiritual and family context of the Haka. I also found that Tauiwi music therapists wishing to introduce cultural elements must first learn about Maori culture and the people in order to confidently understand the music. Tauiwi Rangatahi may also benefit from the introduction of Maori musicality as a therapeutic means by being an inclusive member of the community and the positive psychological effects. For example, Rangatahi benefited from learning the proper pronunciation and meaning of the Haka, which in turn gave them a sense of achievement. I also found that some Maori protocols fit well with the protocols of music therapy, such as the beginning and endings with a hello and goodbye song.</p>

Ethical Issues in Private Practice: A Phenomenological Investigation of Music Therapy Business Owners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Wilhelm ◽  
Lindsey Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Music Therapists

Abstract As a music therapy private practice is both a business and a healthcare service, it should adhere to ethical standards from both disciplines. However, this topic has rarely been examined in the music therapy literature. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore ethical dilemmas experienced by music therapy business owners (MTBOs) in their private practice and how MTBOs avoid or address ethical dilemmas. Utilizing convenience and snowball sampling techniques, 21 MTBOs in the United States were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. To answer the two areas of inquiry, we identified three themes and 12 subthemes: (1) Ethical issues related to client welfare, (2) Ethical issues related to business relationships and operation, and (3) Strategies to address or avoid ethical dilemmas. MTBOs also shared how they ensure ethical behavior in themselves, with their employees or independent contractors, and when interacting with professionals outside the private practice. These findings provide a better understanding of MTBOs’ lived experiences of ethics in their private practice and may benefit other music therapists who are in private practice or are wanting to go into private practice. Limitations and recommendations for further research are provided.

scholarly journals Mapping evidence on the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on the hard and soft tissues of the craniofacial complex in transgender people: a protocol for a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Van den Bosch ◽  
C. M. Wiepjes ◽  
M. Den Heijer ◽  
L. J. Schoonmade ◽  
R. E. G. Jonkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Craniofacial Complex

Abstract Background Gender-affirming hormone (GAH) therapy aims to support the transition of transgender people to their gender identity. GAHs can induce changes in their secondary sex characteristics such as the development of breasts in transgender females and increased muscle mass in transgender males. The face and its surrounding tissues also have an important role in gender confirmation. The aim of this scoping review is to systematically map the available evidence in order to provide an overview of the effects of GAH therapy on the hard and soft tissues of the craniofacial complex in transgender people. Methods/design The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews was consulted for reporting this protocol. The methods were based on the Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Reviewer’s Manual of the Joanna Briggs Institute for conducting scoping reviews. Ten transgender people were involved in the development of the primary research question through short interviews. The eligibility criteria were defined for transgender people undergoing GAH therapy and for quantitative and qualitative outcomes on the hard and soft tissues of the craniofacial complex. Eligible sources of evidence include observational, experimental, qualitative, and mixed method studies. No exclusion criteria will be applied for the language of publication and the setting. To identify eligible sources of evidence, we will conduct searches from inception onwards in PubMed, Embase.com, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, CINAHL, LIVIVO, and various grey literature sources such as Google Scholar. Two reviewers will independently select eligible studies in these information sources and will subsequently conduct data extraction. The same operators will chart, categorize, and summarize the extracted data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Frequency counts of quantitative and qualitative data on items such as concepts, populations, interventions, and other characteristics of the eligible sources will be given. Where possible, these items will be mapped descriptively. Discussion We chose the scoping review over the systematic review approach, because the research questions are broad-spectrum and the literature is expected to be widely scattered. No systematic review has previously assessed this topic. Identifying knowledge gaps in this area and summarizing and disseminating research findings are important for a wide spectrum of stakeholders, in particular, for transgender people who want to undergo additional interventions such as plastic or orthognathic surgery or orthodontics. Systematic review registration This protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/e3qj6

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