scholarly journals Mortality Risk from Respiratory Diseases due to Non-Optimal Temperature among Brazilian Elderlies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5550
Author(s):  
Ludmilla da Silva Viana Jacobson ◽  
Beatriz Fátima Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Rochelle Schneider ◽  
Antonio Gasparrini ◽  
Sandra de Souza Hacon
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Exposure Variable

Over the past decade, Brazil has experienced and continues to be impacted by extreme climate events. This study aims to evaluate the association between daily average temperature and mortality from respiratory disease among Brazilian elderlies. A daily time-series study between 2000 and 2017 in 27 Brazilian cities was conducted. Data outcomes were daily counts of deaths due to respiratory diseases in the elderly aged 60 or more. The exposure variable was the daily mean temperature from Copernicus ERA5-Land reanalysis. The association was estimated from a two-stage time series analysis method. We also calculated deaths attributable to heat and cold. The pooled exposure–response curve presented a J-shaped format. The exposure to extreme heat increased the risk of mortality by 27% (95% CI: 15–39%), while the exposure to extreme cold increased the risk of mortality by 16% (95% CI: 8–24%). The heterogeneity between cities was explained by city-specific mean temperature and temperature range. The fractions of deaths attributable to cold and heat were 4.7% (95% CI: 2.94–6.17%) and 2.8% (95% CI: 1.45–3.95%), respectively. Our results show a significant impact of non-optimal temperature on the respiratory health of elderlies living in Brazil. It may support proactive action implementation in cities that have critical temperature variations.

scholarly journals Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in the subequatorial Amazon: a time series approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Ignotti ◽  
Sandra de Souza Hacon ◽  
Washington Leite Junger ◽  
Dennys Mourão ◽  
Karla Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Daily Number ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Time Series Approach ◽  
Series Study

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of the daily variation in concentrations of fine particulate matter (diameter less than 2.5µm - PM2.5) resulting from the burning of biomass on the daily number of hospitalizations of children and elderly people for respiratory diseases, in Alta Floresta and Tangará da Serra in the Brazilian Amazon in 2005. This is an ecological time series study that uses data on daily number of hospitalizations of children and the elderly for respiratory diseases, and estimated concentration of PM2.5. In Alta Floresta, the percentage increases in the relative risk (%RR) of hospitalization for respiratory diseases in children were significant for the whole year and for the dry season with 3-4 day lags. In the dry season these measurements reach 6% (95%CI: 1.4-10.8). The associations were sig-nificant for moving averages of 3-5 days. The %RR for the elderly was significant for the current day of the drought, with a 6.8% increase (95%CI: 0.5-13.5) for each additional 10µg/m3 of PM2.5. No as-sociations were verified for Tangara da Serra. The PM2.5 from the burning of biomass increased hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in children and the elderly.

Air Pollution and Emergency Room Visits Due to Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in the Elderly: An Ecological Time-Series Study in S??o Paulo, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Concei????o Martins ◽  
Maria Ros??rio Dias de Oliveira Latorre ◽  
Paulo Hil??rio Nascimento Saldiva ◽  
Alf??sio Lu??s Ferreira Braga
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Series Study

Affecting Factors Related to Air Pollution on Elderly Respiratory Health during Heating Period

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 919-923
Author(s):  
Chun Shan Zhao ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Chun Guo Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to investigate the status in elderly respiratory illness and the impact of air pollution on elderly respiratory health in Jilin during the heating period. A stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 536 elderly living in different districts with different degrees of atmospheric pollution in Jilin as the research objects. The survey on the respiratory diseases and symptoms was conducted with face-to-face retrospective questionnaire survey method, and the data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that in the heating season in 2012, the major respiratory diseases in elderly of the three districts in Jilin City were acute upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis and asthma, and the major respiratory symptoms were cough, sputum, wheezing; the severe level order of respiratory diseases and symptoms was inturn Longtan District (an industrial area) > Changyi District (a living area) > Fengman District (a tourist area), and differences in them were statistically significant (P <0.05); residence, opening window for ventilation and smoking were the factors affecting respiratory diseases and symptoms in the elderly. The study indicates that air pollution during the heating period is directly correlated with the elderly respiratory health and the incidence of respiratory diseases should be reduced by changing the heating energy materials, giving up smoking, ventilation and other measures to improve air quality.

scholarly journals Impact of birth season on the years of life lost from respiratory diseases in the elderly related to ambient PM2.5 exposure in Ningbo, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Yang ◽  
Tianfeng He ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Guoxing Li
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Modification Effect

Abstract Background Ambient fine particle (PM2.5) pollution is an important public health problem in China. Short-term ambient PM2.5 exposure is associated with increased mortality of respiratory diseases. However, few evidence was available on the effect of exposure to ambient PM2.5 on the years of life lost (YLL) from respiratory diseases in the elderly. Furthermore, birth season which is frequently applied as a proxy for environmental exposure in early life may influence the health outcome in the later life. Nevertheless, the modification effect of birth season on the relationship of PM2.5 exposure and respiratory health need to be explored. Methods A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to analyze YLL from respiratory diseases in the elderly related to ambient PM2.5 exposure between 2013 and 2016 in Ningbo, China. The modification effect of birth season was explored by subgroup comparisons between different birth seasons. Results Each 10 μg/m3 increase in daily ambient PM2.5 was associated with an increment of 1.61 (95% CI 0.12, 3.10) years in YLL from respiratory diseases in the elderly population. Individuals who were born in winter had significantly higher YLL from respiratory diseases associated with ambient PM2.5 exposure than those who were born in other seasons. Conclusions Birth season which reflects the early-life PM2.5 exposure level that may influence the lung development has a potential effect on the disease burden of respiratory diseases related to ambient PM2.5 exposure in later life. The results would provide theoretical basis to protect vulnerable population defined by birth season when exploring the adverse effects of ambient PM2.5 in the respiratory health.

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Tool: A Promising Tool for Therapeutic Applications on Respiratory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-346
Author(s):  
Sadiya Bi Shaikh ◽  
Yashodhar Prabhakar Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Promising Tool

Respiratory diseases are one of the prime topics of concern in the current era due to improper diagnostics tools. Gene-editing therapy, like Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats- associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), is gaining popularity in pulmonary research, opening up doors to invaluable insights on underlying mechanisms. CRISPR/Cas9 can be considered as a potential gene-editing tool with a scientific community that is helping in the advancement of knowledge in respiratory health and therapy. As an appealing therapeutic tool, we hereby explore the advanced research on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 tools in chronic respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cystic fibrosis (CF). We also address the urgent need to establish this gene-editing tool in various other lung diseases such as asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The present review introduces CRISPR/Cas9 as a worthy application in targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrinolytic system via editing specific genes. Thereby, based on the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9, it can be considered as a promising therapeutic tool in respiratory health research.

scholarly journals Age is just a number: Is frailty being ignored in vascular access planning for dialysis?

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982198990
Author(s):  
Kulli Kuningas ◽  
Nicholas Inston
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dialysis Access ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Choice

Current international guidelines advocate fistula creation as first choice for vascular access in haemodialysis patients, however, there have been suggestions that in certain groups of patients, in particular the elderly, a more tailored approach is needed. The prevalence of more senior individuals receiving renal replacement therapy has increased in recent years and therefore including patient age in decision making regarding choice of vascular access for dialysis has gained more relevance. However, it seems that age is being used as a surrogate for overall clinical condition and it can be proposed that frailty may be a better basis to considering when advising and counselling patients with regard to vascular access for dialysis. Frailty is a clinical condition in which the person is in a vulnerable state with reduced functional capacity and has a higher risk of adverse health outcomes when exposed to stress inducing events. Prevalence of frailty increases with age and has been associated with an increased risk of mortality, hospitalisation, disability and falls. Chronic kidney disease is associated with premature ageing and therefore patients with kidney disease are prone to be frailer irrespective of age and the risk increases further with declining kidney function. Limited data exists on the relationship between frailty and vascular access, but it appears that frailty may have an association with poorer outcomes from vascular access. However, further research is warranted. Due to complexity in decision making in dialysis access, frailty assessment could be a key element in providing patient-centred approach in planning and maintaining vascular access for dialysis.

scholarly journals A periodic and seasonal statistical model for non-negative integer-valued time series with an application to dispensed medications in respiratory diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 545-558
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Prezotti Filho ◽  
Valderio Anselmo Reisen ◽  
Pascal Bondon ◽  
Márton Ispány ◽  
Milena Machado Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Negative Integer

Derivation Mathematical Equations for Future Calculation of Potential Evapotranspiration in Iraq, A Review of Application of Thornthwaite Evapotranspiration

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1048
Author(s):  
Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

     In any natural area or water body, evapotranspiration is one of the important outcomes in the water balance equation. As a significant method and depending on monthly average temperature, estimating of potential Evapotranspiration depending on Thornthwaite method was adopted in this research review. Estimate and discuss evapotranspiration by using Thornthwaite method is the main objectives of this research review with considerable details as well as compute potential evapotranspiration based on climatologically data obtained in Iraq. Temperature - evapotranspiration relationship can be estimated between those two parameters to reduce cost and time and facilitate calculation of water balance in lakes, river, and hydrogeological basins. The relationship was obtained using Thornthwaite method in Iraq by dividing the area into seven sectors according to geographic latitude. Each sector has multi meteorological stations where thirty two stations were used with different periods of records. A mathematical relationship was obtained between mean temperature and corrected potential evapotranspiration with (97.45) to (99.84) coefficient of determination. The mean temperature has a decreasing pattern from southern east towards northern west of Iraq affected by Mediterranean Sea climate conditions, while corrected potential evapotranspiration has the opposite direction regarding increased value because of a direct relationship with temperature.

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