Using a 24 h Activity Recall (STAR-24) to Describe Activity in Adolescent Boys in New Zealand: Comparisons between a Sample Collected before, and a Sample Collected during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Background: Tools that assess all three components of 24 h movement guidelines (sleep, physical activity, and screen use) are scarce. Our objective was to use a newly developed Screen Time and Activity Recall (STAR-24) to demonstrate how this tool could be used to illustrate differences in time-use across the day between two independent samples of male adolescents collected before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: Adolescent boys aged 15–18 years (n = 109) each completed the STAR-24 twice, n = 74 before lockdown and n = 35 during lockdown. Results: During lockdown more than 50% of the sample reported gaming between 10 am and 12 noon, transport was not reported as an activity, and activities of daily living spiked at mealtimes. Gaming and screen time were more prevalent in weekends than weekdays, with the highest prevalence of weekday screen use (before lockdown) occurring between 8 and 9 pm. Differences in estimates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity prior to and during lockdown (mean difference (95% CI); 21 (−9 to 51) min) and sleep (0.5 (−0.2 to 1.2) h) were small. Total and recreational screen time were higher during lockdown (2 h (0.7 to 3.3 h) and 48 min (−36 to 132 min), respectively). Conclusions: The STAR-24 holds promise as a single tool that assesses compliance with 24 h movement guidelines. This tool also allows clear illustration of how adolescent boys are using their time (instead of only providing summary measures), providing richer data to inform public health initiatives.

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Variables Associated With Active and Inactive Behavior During the After-School Period

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.25.2.288 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 288-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eric Wickel

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Time Use ◽

Screen Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Peer Groups ◽

Fourth Grade ◽

After School ◽

Light Physical Activity ◽

Children's Behavior ◽

School Period

This study analyzed time-use interviews to report levels of active and inactive behavior during the after-school period (3–6 pm). Interviews were conducted on random days from three separate seasons during third and fourth grade. Youth with at least two interviews during third (356 completed 2 interviews; 506 completed 3 interviews [9 yrs; 50% boys]) and fourth (186 completed 2 interviews; 768 completed 3 interviews [10 yrs; 50% boys]) grade were included to report levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity, inactive screen time, inactive nonscreen time, and travel by location and who the activity was undertaken with. Reporting time outside the home and with peers (single or group) was related to higher levels of MVPA. While inside the home, screen and nonscreen proportions were comparable (38% and 40%, respectively), despite unique patterns (screen: boys > girls; nonscreen: girls > boys). Reporting time with both parents was associated with more nonscreen time; whereas reporting time with peer groups was associated with lower screen time. Understanding active and inactive patterns of children’s behavior outside of school hours can be very important in contributing toward the development of innovative interventions for increasing physical activity.

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Use of Social Networking Sites and Adherence to Physical Activity and Screen Time Recommendations in Adolescents

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2015-0343 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 474-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga ◽

Jean-Philippe Chaput

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Networking ◽

Social Networking Sites ◽

Screen Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Male Adolescents ◽

Confounding Variables

Background:Adolescents are recommended to achieve ≥ 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) and ≤2 h/day of screen time (ST). This study examined the relationships between the use of social networking sites (SNSs) and adherence to PA and ST recommendations in a large sample of Canadian adolescents.Methods:This cross-sectional school-based survey included a representative sample of 9388 students in grades 7 to 12 across Ontario, Canada.Results:After adjustment for several confounding variables, results showed that male adolescents who use SNSs for fewer hours (≤ 1 h/day) had greater odds of adherence to PA and to both PA and ST recommendations concurrently, while those who use it for more hours (≥ 3 h/day) had lower odds of adherence to the ST recommendation. Female adolescents who use SNSs for more hours had lower odds of adherence to the ST recommendation (use of SNSs ≥ 2 h/day) and to both PA and ST recommendations concurrently (use of SNSs ≥ 5 h/day).Conclusions:Heavy use of SNSs has a negative influence on the adherence to the ST recommendation in both males and females; however, infrequent use of SNSs was related to the adherence to the PA recommendation and concurrent adherence to both recommendations in males only.

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Less screen time and more frequent vigorous physical activity is associated with lower risk of reporting negative mental health symptoms among Icelandic adolescents

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0196286 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. e0196286 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Soffia M. Hrafnkelsdottir ◽

Robert J. Brychta ◽

Vaka Rognvaldsdottir ◽

Sunna Gestsdottir ◽

Kong Y. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Screen Time ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Mental Health Symptoms ◽

Health Symptoms

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Do differences in compositional time use explain ethnic variation in the prevalence of obesity in children? Analyses using 24-hour accelerometry

10.26686/wgtn.12830837.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RW Taylor ◽

JJ Haszard ◽

VL Farmer ◽

R Richards ◽

Lisa Te Morenga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Time Use ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Z Score ◽

Movement Data ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Log Ratio

© 2019, Springer Nature Limited. Background/Objectives: Whether variation in sleep and physical activity explain marked ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in childhood obesity is unclear. As time spent in one behaviour influences time spent in other behaviours across the 24-hour day, compositional analyses are essential. The aims of this study were to determine how ethnicity and socioeconomic status influence compositional time use in children, and whether differences in compositional time use explain variation in body mass index (BMI) z-score and obesity prevalence across ethnic groups. Methods: In all, 690 children (58% European, 20% Māori, 13% Pacific, 9% Asian; 66% low-medium deprivation and 34% high deprivation) aged 6–10 years wore an ActiGraph accelerometer 24-hours a day for 5 days yielding data on sedentary time, sleep, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Height and weight were measured using standard techniques and BMI z-scores calculated. Twenty-four hour movement data were transformed into isometric log-ratio co-ordinates for multivariable regression analysis and effect sizes were back-transformed. Results: European children spent more time asleep (predicted difference in minutes, 95% CI: 16.1, 7.4–24.9) and in MVPA (6.6 min, 2.4–10.4), and less time sedentary (−10.2 min, −19.8 to −0.6) and in LPA (−12.2 min, −21.0 to −3.5) than non-European children. Overall, 10% more sleep was associated with a larger difference in BMI z-score (adjusted difference, 95% CI: −0.13, −0.25 to −0.01) than 10% more MVPA (−0.06, −0.09 to −0.03). Compositional time use explained 35% of the increased risk of obesity in Pacific compared with European children after adjustment for age, sex, deprivation and diet, but only 9% in Māori and 24% in Asian children. Conclusions: Ethnic differences in compositional time use explain a relatively small proportion of the ethnic differences in obesity prevalence that exist in children.

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Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Emotional Well-Being during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17145170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (14) ◽

pp. 5170 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fei Qin ◽

Yiqing Song ◽

George P Nassis ◽

Lina Zhao ◽

Yanan Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Screen Time ◽

Emotional State ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Well Being ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Home Based

We aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 lock down on lifestyle in China during the initial stage of the pandemic. A questionnaire was distributed to Chinese adults living in 31 provinces of China via the internet using a snowball sampling strategy. Information on 7-day physical activity recall, screen time, and emotional state were collected between January 24 and February 2, 2020. ANOVA, χ² test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. 12,107 participants aged 18–80 years were included. During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, nearly 60% of Chinese adults had inadequate physical activity (95% CI 56.6%–58.3%), which was more than twice the global prevalence (27.5%, 25.0%–32.2%). Their mean screen time was more than 4 hours per day while staying at home (261.3 ± 189.8 min per day), and the longest screen time was found in young adults (305.6 ± 217.5 min per day). We found a positive and significant correlation between provincial proportions of confirmed COVID-19 cases and negative affect scores (r = 0.501, p = 0.004). Individuals with vigorous physical activity appeared to have a better emotional state and less screen time than those with light physical activity. During this nationwide lockdown, more than half of Chinese adults temporarily adopted a sedentary lifestyle with insufficient physical activity, more screen time, and poor emotional state, which may carry considerable health risks. Promotion of home-based self-exercise can potentially help improve health and wellness.

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Dynamics of sleep, sedentary behavior, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on school versus nonschool days

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa174 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bridget Armstrong ◽

Michael W Beets ◽

Angela Starrett ◽

Keith Brazendale ◽

Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Time Use ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Series Data ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Specific Behavior ◽

School Day

Abstract Study Objectives Studies examining time-use activity behaviors (sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity) on school days compared with nonschool days have examined these behaviors independently, ignoring their interrelated nature, limiting our ability to optimize the health benefits of these behaviors. This study examines the associations of school-day (vs. nonschool day) with time-use activity behaviors. Methods Time series data (6,642 days) from Fitbits (Charge-2) were collected (n = 196, 53% female, 5–10 years). We used a variable-centered dynamic structural equation modeling approach to estimate day-to-day associations of time-use activity behaviors on school days for each child. We then used person-centered cluster analyses to group individuals based on these estimates. Results Within-participant analysis showed that on school days (vs. nonschool days), children (1) slept less (β = −0.17, 95% CI = −0.21, −0.13), (2) were less sedentary (β = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.09, −0.02), and (3) had comparable moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; β = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.11, 0.00). Between-participant analysis showed that, on school days, children with higher sleep carryover experienced greater decreases in sleep (β = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.71), children with higher body mass index z-score decreased sedentary behavior more (β = −0.41, 95% CI = −0.64, −0.13), and children with lower MVPA increased MVPA more (β = −0.41, 95% CI −0.64, −0.13). Cluster analysis demonstrated four distinct patterns of connections between time-use activity behaviors and school (High Activity, Sleep Resilient, High Sedentary, and Dysregulated Sleep). Conclusions Using a combination of person-centered and more traditional variable-centered approaches, we identified patterns of interrelated behaviors that differed on school, and nonschool days. Findings can inform targeted intervention strategies tailored to children’s specific behavior patterns.

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Sex-Specific Associations between Screen Time and Lipoprotein Subfractions

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0117 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 59-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexis C. Frazier-Wood ◽

Ingrid B. Borecki ◽

Mary F. Feitosa ◽

Paul N. Hopkins ◽

Caren E. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Screen Time ◽

Linear Models ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Lipoprotein Subfractions ◽

Ldl Particles

Background:Time spent in sedentary activities (such as watching television) has previously been associated with several risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Little is known about associations with lipoprotein subfractions. Using television and computer screen time in hours per day as a measure of sedentary time, we examined the association of screen time with lipoprotein subfractions.Methods:Data were used from men and women forming the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study population. Mixed linear models specified lipoprotein measures as the outcome, and screen time as the predictor for fourteen lipoprotein subfraction measures, and included age, smoking status, pedigree, and fat, carbohydrate daily alcohol and energy intake as covariates. Analyses were run separately for men (n = 623) and women (n = 671). A step-down Bonferroni correction was applied to results. The analysis was repeated for significant results (p < .05), additionally controlling for body mass index (BMI) and moderate and vigorous physical activity.Results:Linear models indicated that screen time was associated with five lipoprotein parameters in women: the concentration of large VLDL particles (p = .01), LDL particle number (p = .01), concentration of small LDL particles (p = .04), the concentration of large HDL particles (p = .04), and HDL diameter (p = .02). All associations remained after controlling for moderate or vigorous physical activity and BMI.Conclusions:We show that sedentary time is associated with lipoprotein measures, markers of cardiometabolic disease, independently of physical activity and BMI, in women but not men.

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Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks and adherence to physical activity and screen time recommendations among adolescents

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2015-0098 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga ◽

Jean-Philippe Chaput

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Screen Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Energy Drinks ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Future Studies ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Unhealthy Eating ◽

Relevant Covariates

Abstract Background: It is recommended that youth aged 12–17 years achieve ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) and limit their recreational screen time (ST) to ≤2 h/day. However, whether unhealthy eating behavior is associated with adherence to PA and ST recommendations in youth is largely unknown. Objective: This study examined the associations between adherence to PA and ST recommendations with consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and energy drinks (EDs) in a representative sample of adolescents. Methods: Data on 11–19-year-old Ottawa (Canada) students (n=1147) were analyzed using self-reported information on consumption of SSBs and EDs, and time devoted to PA and ST. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between adherence to PA and ST recommendations and consumption of SSBs and EDs. Results: Adherence to the ST recommendation was inversely associated with consumption of SSBs [odds ratio (OR)=0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.21–0.86] and EDs (OR=0.54, 95% CI=0.31–0.92) in females only, independent of PA and relevant covariates. However, adherence to the PA recommendation was positively associated with consumption of EDs in females (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.07–2.17) but not males, while it was not associated with consumption of SSBs in both sexes. Conclusion: Among female adolescents, adherence to the ST recommendation is inversely associated with consumption of SSBs and EDs, while adherence to the PA recommendation is positively associated with consumption of EDs. Future studies should clarify the observed sex differences and determine if decreasing ST can reduce the consumption of SSBs and EDs among adolescents.

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Co-varying Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors and Their Long-Term Maintenance Among Adolescents

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.7.4.465 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 465-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Jihong Liu ◽

Jinseok Kim ◽

Natalie Colabianchi ◽

Andrew Ortaglia ◽

Russell R. Pate

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Screen Time ◽

Latent Class ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Males And Females ◽

Term Maintenance

Background:We examined the covarying patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviors among adolescents and their long-term maintenance.Methods:Data came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1995–2002). We used latent class analysis to identify distinct covarying patterns in adolescence. Logistic regression models were used to predict odds of meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations (≥5 bouts/week) and exceeding screen time guidelines (>2 hours/day) 6 years later based on their adolescent class profile.Results:Five classes for each gender were identified and labeled as low physical activity (PA)/low sedentary behaviors (SED), moderate (Mod) PA/high (HI) SED, Mod PA/low SED, HI PA/low SED, and HI PA (except skating/biking)/low SED. Compared with low PA/low SED, males and females in Mod PA/low SED, HI PA/low SED, and HI PA (except skating/biking)/low SED classes had increased odds of meeting MVPA recommendations in young adulthood. Mod PA/HI SED had higher odds of exceeding screen time guidelines in young adulthood (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for females: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.00−2.81; AOR for males: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.80−6.09).Conclusions:Findings are useful to aid the development of multifactorial interventions that promote physical activity and reduce screen time among adolescents transitioning to adulthood.

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