scholarly journals Permanent Supportive Housing Design Characteristics Associated with the Mental Health of Formerly Homeless Adults in the U.S. and Canada: An Integrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9588
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Rollings ◽  
Christina S. Bollo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Permanent Supportive Housing ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
The U.S

The built environment directly and indirectly affects mental health, especially for people transitioning from long-term homelessness to permanent supportive housing (PSH) who often experience co-occurring behavioral health challenges. Despite a rapid increase in PSH availability, little research examines influences of architecture and design within this context. This integrative review synthesized limited research on PSH design in the U.S. and Canada to identify built environment characteristics associated with PSH residents’ mental health, highlight gaps in the literature, and prioritize future research directions. A systematic search for peer-reviewed articles was conducted using nine databases drawing from multiple disciplines including architecture, environmental psychology, interior design, psychology, psychiatry, medicine, and nursing. Seventeen articles met inclusion criteria. Study design, methodology, built environment properties, place attributes, and relevant findings were extracted and iteratively analyzed. Three domains relevant to architecture and design were identified related to home, ontological security, and trauma sensitivity; dwelling unit type, privacy, control, safety, housing quality and location, and access to amenities; and shared common space. Integrative review results emphasize the potential of architecture and design to contribute to improved built environment quality and mental health outcomes among PSH residents. Methodological limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.

scholarly journals Cognition, Health, and Social Support of Formerly Homeless Older Adults in Permanent Supportive Housing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita M Souza ◽  
Jenny Hsin-Chin Tsai ◽  
Kenneth C Pike ◽  
Francesca Martin ◽  
Susan M McCurry
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Permanent Supportive Housing ◽  
Formerly Homeless

Abstract Background and Objectives Formerly homeless older adults residing in Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) represent an invisible subsector of two distinct, yet related populations: the homeless population and the elderly population. Little research is focused on the complex health concerns facing this aging population within the homelessness response system. Of particular concern is the identification and support of individuals with cognitive impairment and co-occurring chronic conditions. We collaborated with a leading housing services provider to develop a systematic screening system for case managers to capture the cognitive, physical, and psychosocial health of older adults served within homeless housing programs. Research Design and Methods PSH residents aged ≥50 years in four sites screened as being without cognitive impairment on the Mini-Cog were enrolled. A brief demographic survey and selected PROMIS measures were used to characterize participants’ demographics, cognition, global physical and mental health, physical functioning, self-efficacy for social interactions, and instrumental support. PSH case managers were trained to recruit participants and collect data. PROMIS scales were scored using the Health Measures Scoring Service. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and one sample t-tests were performed. Results Fifty-three residents (mean age = 60.8 years, range 50–76 years) participated. The majority self-identified as male and were military veterans; 60% reported having a history of two or more episodes of homelessness. All PROMIS scores were significantly (p < .05) lower than reference U.S. population means, with global mental health and cognition having the lowest scores. Discussion and Implications Self-reported cognitive functioning and global mental health were residents’ greatest concerns. Strengthening housing case manager capacity to assess residents’ cognitive and health status could increase support for older adults in PSH. It is feasible to train PSH staff to conduct structured interviews to identify resident cognitive and health needs to help support this “invisible” population to successfully age in place.

Mental health change in the transition to permanent supportive housing: The role of housing and social networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1834-1849
Author(s):  
Taylor Harris ◽  
Harmony Rhoades ◽  
Lei Duan ◽  
Suzanne L. Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Permanent Supportive Housing

scholarly journals Association between Psychological Integration and Permanent Supportive Housing: An Exploratory Study with a Focus on Ethnicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Annette S. Crisanti ◽  
Shelley Alonso-Marsden ◽  
Leah Puglisi ◽  
Richard Neil Greene ◽  
Tyler Kincaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Permanent Supportive Housing ◽  
Psychological Integration ◽  
And Control

There is limited research on the association between Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) and psychological integration. The purpose of this study was to explore this association among individuals with mental illness and/or substance use disorder (SUD) enrolled in PSH and to identify variables associated with sense of belonging. Given differences in outcomes of PSH by ethnicity, we were interested to determine if an association existed between PSH and psychological integration and whether it was equally observed among Hispanics and non-Hispanics. The target population included individuals who were chronically homeless and diagnosed with a mental illness and/or SUD. Baseline data were collected upon intake (N = 370). Follow-up data were collected at six-months post baseline (N = 286) and discharge (N = 143). Predictor and control variables included demographics, overall health, PTSD symptom severity, interactions with family and friends, and participation in recovery-related groups in the community. Psychological integration scores increased significantly from the baseline to the 6-month follow-up (t = −3.41, p = 0.003) and between the 6-month follow-up and discharge (t = −2.97, p = 0.007). Significant predictors of psychological integration included overall health, interactions with family and/or friends, PTSD symptoms, income, education, and diagnosis. No differences were observed between Hispanics and non-Hispanics. The findings from this exploratory study suggest that future research in this area is warranted.

scholarly journals The Positive Impact and Associated Mechanisms of Physical Activity on Mental Health in Underprivileged Children and Adolescents: An Integrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Lauren T. Rose ◽  
Andrew Soundy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assess Quality

(1) Background: Review-based studies are required to consider the different designs and data that describe the association between physical activity and mental health for underprivileged children and adolescents. There is a particular need to identify mechanisms which could explain the association, and factors which influence the association in this population group. (2) Methods: An integrative review with a systematic search was conducted in three stages: (i) a systematic literature search on four databases from inception until May 2020. Studies were eligible if they examined underprivileged children, involved moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and had a focus on at least one outcome measure related to mental health. (ii) Two critical appraisal tools were used to assess quality across different study designs. (iii) Synthesis was undertaken in four stages, examining social, internal and physical outcomes and mechanisms. (3) Results: A total of 16 studies were included (2 qualitative; 12 quantitative and 2 mixed methods). Fifteen (15/16; 93.8%) showed an association between MVPA and a significant improvement in at least one mental health outcome. The most studied outcomes included: internal aspects (n = 14), significant effects were identified in 12/14 studies; social aspects (n = 6), significant effects were identified across all studies and finally physical aspects (n = 5), significant effects were found in 3/5 studies. Autonomy support was identified as a mechanism to explain the change, whilst age and gender influenced the strength of the association. (4) Conclusions: The findings provide confirmation of the link between MVPA and the improved mental health and wellbeing of disadvantaged children and adolescents. Future research must consider the long-term effect through longitudinal studies, along with determining whether any specific types of PA are more impactful than others.

scholarly journals Eliciting Life Priorities of Older Adults Living in Permanent Supportive Housing

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah K Padgett ◽  
Lynden Bond ◽  
Kristen Gurdak ◽  
Benjamin F Henwood
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Permanent Supportive Housing ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background and Objectives Adults who have experienced chronic homelessness are considered to be “old” by age 50 due to accelerated aging. While permanent supportive housing (PSH) has been found effective for these individuals, there is limited focus on the needs of adults “aging in place” in PSH. This study examined (1) how older adults in PSH identify and rank their life priorities, (2) how they describe these priorities in their own words, and (3) how life course adversity deepens an understanding of these priorities. Research Design and Methods A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used in which qualitative case study analyses informed by a life course perspective provided a deeper understanding of how 14 older residents of PSH viewed their life priorities using quantitative card-sort rankings of 12 life domains. Results Housing, family, mental health, physical health, and partner were the most frequently endorsed life priorities. Four themes emerged from the cross-case analyses: “aging in, aging out,” “carefully restoring relationships,” “life goes on,” and “housing is fundamental.” Convergent findings indicated that life adversity—social losses and interrupted lives—influenced both the high- and low-ranked card-sort priorities. Discussion and Implications This study demonstrated that participants were aware of their advancing years yet they sought to overcome adversity and losses through maintaining mental health and sobriety, improving physical health, and cautiously rebuilding relationships. As the numbers of older homeless rise, the inclusion of age-related services will be an important component of PSH services for residents as they age.

scholarly journals A text messaging-based intervention to increase physical activity among persons living in permanent supportive housing: Feasibility and acceptability findings from a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 205520761983243
Author(s):  
Harmony Rhoades ◽  
Suzanne Wenzel ◽  
Hailey Winetrobe ◽  
Magaly Ramirez ◽  
Shinyi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Permanent Supportive Housing

Objective Persons who have experienced homelessness and are living in permanent supportive housing experience high rates of health and mental health problems. Given that physical activity is associated with improved health outcomes and persons with homelessness histories report high rates of cell phone use, phone-based interventions to increase physical activity may be effective for improving health and wellbeing among persons in permanent supportive housing. Methods To understand the acceptability and feasibility of a cell phone-based physical activity intervention in this population, this 6-week pilot study enrolled 13 persons living in permanent supportive housing. Participants were eligible if they had completed their final, 12-month follow-up interview in a larger, longitudinal study of persons moving into permanent supportive housing in the Los Angeles area, spoke English, and reported comorbid chronic physical and mental health conditions. For the study duration, participants wore a pedometer, received multiple weekly motivational text messages on set days (at times selected by the participant), and responded via text to weekly depression screeners and requests to report their weekly step totals, as recorded by their pedometers. Follow-up interviews asked open-ended questions about study participation and satisfaction. Results Participants were 53 years old on average, most were female (54%), and most were African-American (62%). Changes to people’s physical activity levels were limited, but participants reported increased quality of life during the intervention period. Interviews revealed that the intervention was well received and enjoyable for participants. Conclusions The efficacy of utilizing cell phones to improve health and wellbeing among adults living in permanent supportive housing requires further research, but these pilot findings suggest that such interventions are feasible and acceptable.

scholarly journals Military Spouses’ Perceptions of Suicide in the Military Spouse Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-217
Author(s):  
Rebekah F. Cole ◽  
Rebecca G. Cowan ◽  
Hayley Dunn ◽  
Taryn Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Military Spouses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Military Spouse ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

Newly released data from the U.S. Department of Defense shows military spouse suicide to be an imminent concern for the U.S. military. Currently, there is an absence of research in the counseling profession related to suicide prevention and intervention for this population. Therefore, this qualitative phenomenological study explored the perceptions of military spouses regarding suicide within their community. Ten military spouses were interviewed twice and were asked to provide written responses to follow-up questions. Six main themes emerged: (a) loss of control, (b) loss of identity, (c) fear of seeking mental health services, (d) difficulty accessing mental health services, (e) the military spouse community as a protective factor, and (f) desire for better communication about available mental health resources. Implications for practicing counselors and military leadership in helping to prevent military spouse suicide as well as recommendations for future research regarding ways to support military spouse mental health and prevent suicide in this community are included.

scholarly journals 835Neighbourhoods and mental health in early childhood: what does the evidence tell us?

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Alderton ◽  
Karen Villanueva ◽  
Meredith O'Connor ◽  
Claire Boulangé ◽  
Hannah Badland
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Children’S Mental Health ◽  
Children's Mental Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Childhood Mental Health ◽  
Development Data

Abstract Background Mental health inequities can emerge early in life and are shaped by the daily conditions and environments where children develop, including neighbourhoods. Synthesizing evidence around neighbourhoods, disadvantage, and early childhood mental health can advance understandings of neighbourhood features (e.g. housing, parks) associated with (1) optimal mental health and (2) narrowing inequities. Methods We systematically searched and critically reviewed the international quantitative literature investigating associations between the neighbourhood built environment and young children’s (0-8 years) mental health, including positive aspects (‘competence’) and difficulties. Results Eight of the 14 included studies examined nature or public open space (parks); seven found some association between greater access to neighbourhood nature or parks and better mental health. Significant gaps included few studies investigating: (1) social infrastructure (e.g. services, childcare), (2) competence, (3) the extent to which the neighbourhood built environment closed the gap (versus benefiting children generally), and (4) pathways between neighbourhoods, disadvantage, and mental health. Conclusions Emerging evidence suggests that features of the neighbourhood are associated with young children’s mental health. Future research should unpack the neighbourhood’s role in narrowing inequities in early childhood. Availability of population linked geospatial and child development data in Australia offers opportunities to address these gaps and is prioritized as the next step in this research program. Key messages The neighbourhood built environment holds potential for promoting young children’s mental health. Future research should examine its potential to reduce inequities during early childhood.

Interventions to Improve Grandparent Caregivers’ Mental and Physical Health: An Integrative Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1236-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen’nea Sumo ◽  
JoEllen Wilbur ◽  
Wrenetha Julion ◽  
Susan Buchholz ◽  
Michael Schoeny
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Grandparent Caregivers ◽  
Caregiver Interventions ◽  
Grandparent Caregiver

The aim of this integrative review is to appraise grandparent caregiver interventions that are designed to improve their physical and mental health. A database search was performed to identify relevant studies published between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2014. Thirteen publications, including 11 studies, met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies included grandparent mental health outcomes with fewer focusing on physical health and social relations. Improvements were found in all three areas with fewer improvements seen in physical health. However, small effect sizes were seen with most measures of these outcomes. Although the interventions led to positive grandparent caregiver outcomes, the studies were limited by their design, only one of which was a randomized controlled trial. Also, interventions did not consider variations in the grandchild’s or parent’s ages or if the grandparent provided primary or shared care. These gaps should be addressed in future research.

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