scholarly journals Simulating the Effect of Mixed Subsidy Policies on Urban Low-Value Recyclable Waste in China: A System Dynamics Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10636
Author(s):  
Dongshi Sun ◽  
Danlan Xie ◽  
Peng Jiang ◽  
Jingci Xie ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Government

Low-value recyclable waste accounts for a large portion of urban waste output in many modern cities. The improper management and disposal of LVRW result in environmental pollution and a waste of resources. Given the characteristics of a high recovery cost and low recovery income of low-value recyclables, it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory waste disposal effect by completely relying on the market mechanism. It is thus necessary for the government to implement effective subsidies for multiple subjects in the urban waste recycling system (UWRS). This study examines the independent roles of four subsidy policies—subsidy to the third-party waste disposal institutions, subsidy to a state-owned waste disposal institution, R&D subsidy for green technology, and subsidy for government publicity—and develops a system dynamics model to verify the performance of the UWRS under different combinations of subsidy-based policies under multiple scenarios. Data on urban waste disposal for Guangzhou from 2019 and 2020 were used to validate and simulate the model. A sensitivity analysis of the main exogenous variables was carried out, and the conclusions are as follows: (1) On the premise of a fixed subsidy capital pool, a mixed subsidy policy produced the best impact on the UWRS. (2) The total subsidy needed to reach a certain threshold; otherwise, the mixed subsidy policy did not improve the UWRS. The total subsidy produced diminishing returns once it had exceeded the threshold. (3) Appropriately reducing subsidies for the third-party waste disposal institutions within a reasonable range does not affect the performance of the UWRS. (4) The effect of government publicity has short-term advantages, while the long-term potential of green technology is greater. Multi-agent coordination and the guidance of the market mechanism are important priorities in the design of subsidy-based policies. In addition, the trade-off between subjects needs attention, and a plan for mixed subsidy policies needs to be designed and implemented according to the response periods of different policies. The research here provides theoretical support for the government for designing subsidy-based policies.

Optimal trade-in and third-party collection authorization strategies under trade-in subsidy policy

Kybernetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiying Cao ◽  
Qiushi Bo ◽  
Yi He
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to study whether the recycling of a third party competes with the trade-in service of a manufacturer, and explores the optimal trade-in and third-party collection authorization strategies for the manufacturer. Design/methodology/approach According to whether to authorize a third party to collect its used products, the manufacturer has two choices: one is not authorization (NA); the other is authorization (A). This paper uses profit-maximization model to investigate the optimal decisions of the manufacturer and the third party under NA and A, respectively, and then explores which choice is better for the manufacturer. Findings It is observed that there is a competition between trade-in service and third-party recycling when the durability parameter of the used product is relatively small. Moreover, when the durability parameter of the used product is relatively large, A is always better choice for the manufacturer; otherwise, NA is a better choice except for the case that the unit trade-in subsidy is low and the salvage of the used product is high. Practical implications These results provide managerial insights for the manufacturer and the third party to make decisions in the field of recycling. Originality/value This paper is among the first papers to study the competition between trade-in program and third party’s collecting program under government’s trade-in subsidy policy. Moreover, this paper presents the conditions under which the manufacturer should authorize or not authorize the third party to collect its used products.

System dynamics research of remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain dominated by the third party

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shidi Miao ◽  
Tengfei Wang ◽  
Deyun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chain ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Impact

With the rapid development of the electronic information industry in recent years, electronic products are being updated faster and faster, and e-waste recycling has become a common problem around the world. Firstly, this article contrasts recycling at home and abroad using the predicament of Midea Corp. Based on a closed-loop supply chain with the system dynamics method, a model is constructed and simulated. In this model, the collection point coverage rate is introduced to adjust the e-waste recycling rate dynamically. Aiming at a recycling mode dominated by the third party of the closed-loop supply chain, the article mainly discusses the impact on the sales rate and market share of the recycling model by third-party enterprises and compares the total revenue of all supply chains. Simulation results show that the model is more effective and optimal than the traditional recycling model.

scholarly journals TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA TERHADAP ANAK JALANAN PADA BIDANG PENDIDIKAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Andi Muhammad Sofyan ◽  
Andi Tenripadang
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Government ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
City Government ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
The Third ◽  
Government District ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The responsibility of protecting the right to education of street children that the responsibility of the government, the provincial government, the district/ city government, and the obligations of parents of guardians, parents, families, and communities and countries. The management of education shall be the responsibility of the government and shall be responsible for any loss incurred on the fautes personalles (ie the loss to the third party charged to the officer, the fautes the services of the third party) shall be borne by the agency and the responsibility of the facility. The responsibility for the protection of street children's right to education should be given responsibility to the state through the government, provincial government, district/ municipal government by involving the community and the institution whose management is regulated and adapted to the ideals of the country and the conditions of each community in the region

scholarly journals Peran LSM Dalam Resolusi Konflik Tapal Batas Antara Nagari Sumpur Dengan Nagari Bungo Tanjuang, Kabupaten Tanah Datar

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Sri Rahmadani
Keyword(s):  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Government

The Third parties in the resolution of conflictwas expected to change the behavior of the parties in conflict, even pushed the parties toward an agreement to end the conflict. NGO as the third party is seen independent and can be fair in the resolution of conflict, can do some attempts to encourage the parties in conflict toward an agreement.One example of conflict involving NGO in an effort to resolve the boundary conflicts between Nagari Sumpur and Nagari Bungo Tanjuang, regency of Tanah Datar. Assignment NGO as mediator in resolution of conflict after several attempts taken by the government. This article explained the various efforts and achievement has done by NGO as mediator resolution of conflict both nagari until the formation of representative group become key success in mediation. In addition in this article is also explained the reason NGO that has not been able to achieve an aggrement in resolution of conflict both nagari.Pihak ketiga dalam resolusi konflik diharapkan dapat merubah perilaku para pihak yang berkonflik, bahkan mendorong para pihak menuju kesepakatan untuk mengakhiri konflik. LSM sebagai pihak ketiga dipandang independen dan dapat bersikap adil dalam resolusi konflik, dapat melakukan beberapa upaya untuk mendorong pihak yang berkonflik menuju kesepakatan. Salah satu contoh konflik yang melibatkan LSM dalam penyelesaiannya adalah konflik tapal batas antara Nagari Sumpur dengan Nagari Bungo Tanjuang, Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Penunjukan LSM sebagai mediator dalam penyelesaian konflik setelah beberapa upaya yang ditempuh oleh beberapa pihak dari pemerintahan. Tulisan ini memaparkan berbagai upaya dan pencapaian yang telah dilakukan LSM sebagai mediator penyelesaian konflik kedua nagari hingga terbentuknya perwakilan kelompok yang menjadi kunci keberhasilan dalam mediasi. Selain itu dalam tulisan ini juga memaparkan alasan LSM yang belum mampu mencapai kesepakatan dalam penyelesaian konflik kedua nagari.

scholarly journals MANDATORY LICENSE LICENSE AS ONE OF THE OBJECTIVES OF LIMITATION OF PATENT EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi cantika
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Patent Holder ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Government

A patent is a special right granted based on the law by the government to a person or legal entity that has an invention in the field of technology. Patents as ownership regimes with exclusive rights are not limitless. Countries may regulate exceptions to the exclusive rights covered by the patent. Provided that the exception is not without legitimate reasons contrary to the normal exploitation of the patent and does not harm the reasonable interests of the Patent Holder, and continues to take into account the interests of the third party. One form of limiting exclusive patent rights is the rule regarding compulsory license.Keywords: patents, exclusive rights, compulsory licenses

scholarly journals The Costs of Conscience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah Schwartzman ◽  
Nelson Tebbe ◽  
Richard Schragger
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Government ◽  
Normative Foundations

AbstractWhen the government enacts laws or regulations that accommodate religious believers, it may not impose significant costs on identifiable third parties. This is sometimes called the third-party harm doctrine. Critics of this doctrine have raised a diversity of objections to it. They have argued that it (1) lacks normative foundations, (2) is not grounded in constitutional sources, (3) assumes an incorrect baseline for determining when third parties are harmed, and (4) cannot be applied without eliminating all, or nearly all, religious accommodations. Critics have also argued (5) that the doctrine does not apply when the government provides legal exemptions for both religious and secular claims of conscience, and (6) that religious freedom is like other fundamental rights that impose harms on others. We argue that none of these objections is persuasive. Responding to them provides an opportunity to develop the third-party harm doctrine in ways that illuminate the limits of religious liberty, freedom of conscience, and other constitutional rights.

scholarly journals Implications of Legal Loophole concerning Liability over Delay in Restitution Payment by Criminal Offender

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Nurini Aprilianda ◽  
Ryan Ilham Fibriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Secondary Victimization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Criminal Offender ◽  
Victim Protection ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Government

Crime is harmful to society, especially to the victims. Legal protection should be taken into account to help the victims recover from the loss suffered. The protection can be made through the payment of restitution by either the offender or the third party. Such an issue has been addressed in the existing law, especially the Witness and Victim Protection Act 2014 (Amendment) and the Government Regulation No. 7 of 2018 concerning Compensation, Restitution, and Aid for Witness and Victim. Unfortunately, they do not impose any sanction over the delay in restitution payment by the third party or the offender. This paper aims at discussing the implication of this legal loophole. This normative legal research employs a statutory approach. It is found that the legal loophole has exposed the victims to secondary victimization due to uncertainty and injustice.

scholarly journals MANDATORY LICENSE AS ONE OF THE OBJECTIVES OF LIMITATION OF PATENT EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi cantika
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Patent Holder ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Government

AbstractA patent is a special right granted based on the law by the government to a person or legal entity that has an invention in the field of technology. Patents as ownership regimes with exclusive rights are not limitless. Countries may regulate exceptions to the exclusive rights covered by the patent. Provided that the exception is not without legitimate reasons contrary to the normal exploitation of the patent and does not harm the reasonable interests of the Patent Holder, and continues to take into account the interests of the third party. One form of limiting exclusive patent rights is the rule regarding compulsory license.Keywords: patents, exclusive rights, compulsory licenses

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