scholarly journals Lives Saved in Low- and Middle-Income Countries by Road Safety Initiatives Funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies and Implemented by Their Partners between 2007–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11185
Author(s):  
Delia Hendrie ◽  
Greg Lyle ◽  
Max Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Road ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Safety Interventions ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Social Marketing Campaigns ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Over the past 12 years, Bloomberg Philanthropies (BP) and its partner organisations have implemented a global road safety program in low- and middle-income countries. The program was implemented to address the historically increasing number of road fatalities and the inadequate funding to reduce them. This study evaluates the performance of the program by estimating lives saved from road safety interventions implemented during the program period (2007–2018) through to 2030. We estimated that 311,758 lives will have been saved by 2030, with 97,148 lives saved up until 2018 when the evaluation was conducted and a further 214,608 lives projected to be saved if these changes are sustained until 2030. Legislative changes alone accounted for 75% of lives saved. Concurrent activities related to reducing drink driving, implementing legislative changes, and social marketing campaigns run in conjunction with police enforcement and other road safety activities accounted for 57% of the total estimated lives saved. Saving 311,758 lives with funding of USD $259 million indicates a cost-effectiveness ratio of USD $831 per life saved. The potential health gains achieved through the number of lives saved from the road safety initiatives funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies represent a considerable return on investment. This study demonstrates the extent to which successful, cost-effective road safety initiatives can reduce road fatalities in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals 903 Implementation of road safety interventions in low and middle income countries – a case of Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A322.1-A322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunuz Abdella ◽  
Duncan Kibogong ◽  
Kidist Bartolomeos ◽  
Wilfred Mwai
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Safety Interventions ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Achieving Viral Suppression in 90% of People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean B Nachega ◽  
Nadia A Sam-Agudu ◽  
Lynne M Mofenson ◽  
Mauro Schechter ◽  
John W Mellors
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Although significant progress has been made, the latest data from low- and middle-income countries show substantial gaps in reaching the third “90%” (viral suppression) of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals, especially among vulnerable and key populations. This article discusses critical gaps and promising, evidence-based solutions. There is no simple and/or single approach to achieve the last 90%. This will require multifaceted, scalable strategies that engage people living with human immunodeficiency virus, motivate long-term treatment adherence, and are community-entrenched and ‑supported, cost-effective, and tailored to a wide range of global communities.

scholarly journals Patients' perceptions of self-management of high blood pressure in three low- and middle-income countries: findings from the BPMONITOR study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tala Al-Rousan ◽  
M. Amalia Pesantes ◽  
Sufia Dadabhai ◽  
Namratha R. Kandula ◽  
Mark D. Huffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Hypertension is the leading risk factor for global disease burden. Self-management of high blood pressure (BP) through self-monitoring and self-titration of medications, has proved to be one successful and cost-effective tool to achieve better BP control in many high-income countries but not much is known about its potential in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We used semi-structured questionnaires and focus groups in three LMICs; Peru, Cameroon and Malawi to examine perceptions and attitudes of patients diagnosed with essential hypertension towards living with hypertension, BP measurement and treatment, patient–physician relationship and opinions about self-management of high blood pressure. Results in all three countries were comparable. Patients showed varied levels of health literacy related to hypertension. BP measurement habits were mostly affected by resources available and caregiver support. Treatment and adherence to it were primarily affected by cost. Most patients were welcoming of the idea of self-management but skeptical about the ability to do self-monitoring accurately and the safety involving self-titration of medications.

scholarly journals Exploring the Potential Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of AIDS Vaccine within a Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Response in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0146387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Harmon ◽  
Kevin A. Fisher ◽  
Margaret G. McGlynn ◽  
John Stover ◽  
Mitchell J. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Aids Vaccine ◽  
Low And Middle Income ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Strategies to Improve Stroke Care Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeyaraj Durai Pandian ◽  
Akanksha G. William ◽  
Mahesh P. Kate ◽  
Bo Norrving ◽  
George A. Mensah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Stroke Services ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: The burden of stroke in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is large and increasing, challenging the already stretched health-care services. Aims and Objectives: To determine the quality of existing stroke-care services in LMICs and to highlight indigenous, inexpensive, evidence-based implementable strategies being used in stroke-care. Methods: A detailed literature search was undertaken using PubMed and Google scholar from January 1966 to October 2015 using a range of search terms. Of 921 publications, 373 papers were shortlisted and 31 articles on existing stroke-services were included. Results: We identified efficient models of ambulance transport and pre-notification. Stroke Units (SU) are available in some countries, but are relatively sparse and mostly provided by the private sector. Very few patients were thrombolysed; this could be increased with telemedicine and governmental subsidies. Adherence to secondary preventive drugs is affected by limited availability and affordability, emphasizing the importance of primary prevention. Training of paramedics, care-givers and nurses in post-stroke care is feasible. Conclusion: In this systematic review, we found several reports on evidence-based implementable stroke services in LMICs. Some strategies are economic, feasible and reproducible but remain untested. Data on their outcomes and sustainability is limited. Further research on implementation of locally and regionally adapted stroke-services and cost-effective secondary prevention programs should be a priority.

Large-scale road safety programmes in low- and middle-income countries: An opportunity to generate evidence

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan A. Hyder ◽  
Katharine A. Allen ◽  
David H. Peters ◽  
Aruna Chandran ◽  
David Bishai
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Cost-Effective Mass Surveillance of COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Challenges and Opportunities

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2897
Author(s):  
Sadhana Shrestha ◽  
Emi Yoshinaga ◽  
Saroj K. Chapagain ◽  
Geetha Mohan ◽  
Alexandros Gasparatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Mass Surveillance ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an approach that can be used to estimate COVID-19 prevalence in the population by detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in wastewater. As the WBE approach uses pooled samples from the study population, it is an inexpensive and non-invasive mass surveillance method compared to individual testing. Thus, it offers a good complement in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) facing high costs of testing or social stigmatization, and it has a huge potential to monitor SARS-CoV-2 and its variants to curb the global COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this review is to systematize the current evidence about the application of the WBE approach in mass surveillance of COVID-19 infection in LMICs, as well as its future potential. Among other parameters, population size contributing the fecal input to wastewater is an important parameter for COVID-19 prevalence estimation. It is easier to back-calculate COVID-19 prevalence in the community with centralized wastewater systems, because there can be more accurate estimates about the size of contributing population in the catchment. However, centralized wastewater management systems are often of low quality (or even non-existent) in LMICs, which raises a major concern about the ability to implement the WBE approach. However, it is possible to mobilize the WBE approach, if large areas are divided into sub-areas, corresponding to the existing wastewater management systems. In addition, a strong coordination between stakeholders is required for estimating population size respective to wastewater management systems. Nevertheless, further international efforts should be leveraged to strengthen the sanitation infrastructures in LMICs, using the lessons gathered from the current COVID-19 pandemic to be prepared for future pandemics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document