scholarly journals Representations of Research among Newly Graduated Paramedical Professionals: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11331
Author(s):  
Evelyne Decullier ◽  
Mathilde Chauliaguet ◽  
Arnaud Siméone ◽  
Julie Haesebaert ◽  
Agnès Witko
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Association Task ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Training Institutions ◽  
Free Word

Despite a keen interest in clinical research, most paramedical professionals are unwilling to play an active role. Our objective was to explore paramedical professionals’ representations of research. Using an existing database of final year paramedical students (speech therapy, occupational therapy, psychomotricity, audiometry, physiotherapy, orthoptics), we deployed a qualitative approach composed of two successive steps: (1) a free word association task, and (2) semi-structured individual interviews. Out of the 54 students who agreed to be contacted, we received 21 responses to the free word association questionnaire, and 11 interviews were conducted. The hierarchical evocation matrix revealed that the scientific representation of research is based on words defining the research and the purpose of the research. “Collaboration” was identified as being an essential part of the research process. The central core of the representation is coherent with all its components perceived as positive. The content analysis of the interviews showed a polarization around two key points: (1) participants are interested in accessing and using evidence in their practice (2) but feel less confident about and/or motivated to generate evidence themselves. This study highlights the need to develop more research-friendly environments, especially in training institutions.

Implications for the Use of Projective Techniques in Organizational Consulting: Some Findings from a German Survey Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Pantaleon Fassbender
Keyword(s):  
Word Association ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Organizational Consulting ◽  
Projective Techniques ◽  
Association Task ◽  
Management Diagnosis ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Value Preferences

Relevance and scope of projective techniques for the purpose of organizational consulting are discussed. As an example, responses to a word-association task requiring each participant to visualize his company as an animal were compared with the rated appraisal for different values and qualifications as elements of corporate success. The sample consisted of 219 German managers (48% of them were CEOs or board members). Meaningful relationships between the choice of certain animals and value preferences were shown. Finally, widespread disapproval of projective techniques in management diagnosis and organizational consulting may be challenged.

scholarly journals The cypsela (achene) of Echinacea purpurea as a diffusion unit of a community of microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 2951-2965
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Cardinale ◽  
Marian Viola ◽  
Elisangela Miceli ◽  
Teresa Faddetta ◽  
Anna Maria Puglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Endophytic Microorganisms ◽  
Host Membrane ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Endophytic Bacterial Community ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractEchinacea purpurea is a plant cultivated worldwide for its pharmaceutical properties, mainly related to the stimulation of the immune system in the treatment of respiratory infections. The cypselas (fruits) of E. purpurea were examined in order to investigate the presence, localization and potential function(s) of endophytic microorganisms. Electron and confocal microscopy observations showed that three different components of microorganisms were associated to cypselas of E. purpurea: (i) one endocellular bacterial component in the cotyledons, enclosed within the host membrane; (ii) another more generic bacterial component adhering to the external side of the perianth; and (iii) a fungal component inside the porous layer of the perianth, the woody and porous modified residual of the flower, in the form of numerous hyphae able to cross the wall between adjacent cells. Isolated bacteria were affiliated to the genera Paenibacillus, Pantoea, and Sanguibacter. Plate tests showed a general resistance to six different antibiotics and also to an antimicrobial-producing Rheinheimera sp. test strain. Finally, microbiome-deprived E. purpurea seeds showed a reduced ability to germinate, suggesting an active role of the microbiome in the plant vitality. Our results suggest that the endophytic bacterial community of E. purpurea, previously found in roots and stem/leaves, might be already carried at the seed stage, hosted by the cotyledons. A further microbial fungal component is transported together with the seed in the perianth of the cypsela, whose remarkable structure may be considered as an adaptation for fungal transportation, and could influence the capability of the seed to germinate in the soil.Key Points• The fruit of Echinacea purpurea contains fungi not causing any damage to the plant.• The seed cotyledons contain endocellular bacteria.• Seed/fruit deprived of the microbiome showed a reduced ability to germinate.

scholarly journals Students’ Word Associations with Different Terms Related to the Wadden Sea: Does the Place of Residence (Coast or Inland) Have an Influence?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Till Schmäing ◽  
Norbert Grotjohann
Keyword(s):  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Visitation Frequency ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Free Word ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Out Of School

This paper presents students’ word associations with terms regarding the Wadden Sea. A continuous free word-association method was used in which the students from secondary schools (n = 3119, average age: 13.54 years) reported their associations with the stimulus words Wadden Sea, mudflat hiking tour, and tides in written form. Data were collected from students living close to the Wadden Sea and from students living inland. We performed a quantitative content analysis including the corresponding formation of categories. In addition, students’ school, out-of-school with the class, and private experiences the Wadden Sea ecosystem were recorded. The study shows that not only subject-related concepts should be considered at different levels, but non-subject-related aspects as well. The associations of the inland and non-inland students are statistically significantly different. The Wadden Sea and its biome were found to be completely unknown to some students. Students’ school, out-of-school with the class, and private experiences of the wetlands are also very mixed, regarding their Wadden Sea visitation frequency, and surprisingly cannot be directly derived from their place of residence. This research makes an important contribution towards the design of future biology didactic studies on the Wadden Sea.

Do word associations assess word knowledge? A comparison of L1 and L2, child and adult word associations

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Cremer ◽  
Daphne Dingshoff ◽  
Meike de Beer ◽  
Rob Schoonen
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Association Behavior ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Free Word

Differences in word associations between monolingual and bilingual speakers of Dutch can reflect differences in how well seemingly familiar words are known. In this (exploratory) study mono-and bilingual, child and adult free word associations were compared. Responses of children and of monolingual speakers were found to be more dispersed across response categories than responses of adults and of L2 speakers, respectively. Log linear analyses show that the distributional patterns of association responses differ among the groups. Age has the largest effect on association responses. Adults give more meaning-related responses than children. Child L1 speakers give more meaning-related responses than child L2 speakers. Form-based and ‘Other’ associations were mostly given by (L2) children. The different findings for mono- and bilingual children and for mono- and bilingual adults show the influence of bilingualism on the development of word associations. The prominent effect of age emphasizes the role of conceptual development in word association behavior, and makes free word association tasks less suitable as an assessment tool for word knowledge.

“When My Hands Were Tied, You Were Able to Continue”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-176
Author(s):  
Mary Kimani ◽  
Catherine Vanner
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Assistant ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Abuse Case

This paper discusses our experiences harnessing the complementarity of perspectives, positions, and resources as an outsider lead researcher and an insider research assistant while reporting a child abuse case that we learned of during qualitative case study research in Kenya. We use collaborative autoethnography to examine our experiences during the research process, with semi-structured individual interviews of each other and document analysis of our email correspondence. We provide a narrative of vulnerability regarding the complexity of reporting child abuse and offer recommendations on how researchers can navigate their limitations and strategically draw from insider-outsider partnerships when managing ethical challenges.

scholarly journals Is it acceptable to video-record palliative care consultations for research and training purposes? A qualitative interview study exploring the views of hospice patients, carers and clinical staff

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 707-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pino ◽  
Ruth Parry ◽  
Luke Feathers ◽  
Christina Faull
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Medicine ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Training Video ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Video Record ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Hospice Patients ◽  
And Training

Background: Research using video recordings can advance understanding of healthcare communication and improve care, but making and using video recordings carries risks. Aim: To explore views of hospice patients, carers and clinical staff about whether videoing patient–doctor consultations is acceptable for research and training purposes. Design: We used semi-structured group and individual interviews to gather hospice patients, carers and clinical staff views. We used Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis. Setting/participants: Interviews were conducted at one English hospice to inform the development of a larger video-based study. We invited patients with capacity to consent and whom the care team judged were neither acutely unwell nor severely distressed (11), carers of current or past patients (5), palliative medicine doctors (7), senior nurses (4) and communication skills educators (5). Results: Participants viewed video-based research on communication as valuable because of its potential to improve communication, care and staff training. Video-based research raised concerns including its potential to affect the nature and content of the consultation and threats to confidentiality; however, these were not seen as sufficient grounds for rejecting video-based research. Video-based research was seen as acceptable and useful providing that measures are taken to reduce possible risks across the recruitment, recording and dissemination phases of the research process. Conclusion: Video-based research is an acceptable and worthwhile way of investigating communication in palliative medicine. Situated judgements should be made about when it is appropriate to involve individual patients and carers in video-based research on the basis of their level of vulnerability and ability to freely consent.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Clinical Evaluation of Language Functions - 4th Edition to Brazilian Portuguese

CoDAS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Paiva Bento-Gaz ◽  
Debora Maria Befi-Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
East Side ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Association Task ◽  
Normal Language

PURPOSES: To translate and adapt the Clinical Evaluation of Language Functions - 4th Edition (CELF-4) to Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD: One hundred and sixty normal language development school children between the ages of seven and ten, half from public schools and the other half from private schools, both located on the east side of São Paulo. RESULTS: CELF-4's translation and adjustment to Brazilian Portuguese language showed equivalence between the original and translated versions, which demonstrates that there were no significant changes in the test's form and content. Cronbach's α test was used in order to verify CELF-4's subtests internal consistency, in other words, if every subtest measures consistently the evaluated constructors. In this analysis, we observed that by excluding right or wrong items, and problematic items from the pool (those different from the rest of the group), all analyzed subtest presented satisfactory internal consistency, except for the Word Association Task for eight years old. CONCLUSION: Most subtests, as well as the Pragmatic Profile and the Observational Evaluation Scale, were simply translated, dismissing significant adaptations. The alterations performed were due to morphosyntactic and phonological differences between both languages. CELF-4's translated and adapted version to Brazilian Portuguese was able to characterize the language performance in the studied population.

Web-based tools for collaborative research

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Stacy Brody
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collaborative Tools ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to profile various types of Web-based tools to facilitate research collaboration within and across institutions. Design/methodology/approach Various Web-based tools were tested by the author. Additionally, tutorial videos and guides were reviewed. Findings There are various free and low-cost tools available to assist in the collaborative research process, and librarians are well-positioned to facilitate their usage. Practical implications Librarians and researchers will learn about various types of tools available at free or at low cost to fulfill needs of the collaborative research process. Social implications As the tools highlighted are either free or of low cost, they are also valuable to start-ups and can be recommended for entrepreneurs. Originality/value As the realm of Web-based collaborative tools continues to evolve, the options must be continually revisited and reviewed for currency.

scholarly journals Finding common (research) ground between general practitioners and neuroscientists: the vital role of knowledge circulation in closing the evidence-to-practice gap

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Eich-Krohm ◽  
Bernt-Peter Robra ◽  
Yvonne Marx ◽  
Markus Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Treatment Pathways ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
Knowledge Circulation ◽  
Practice Gap

Abstract Background It may take 15 years or longer before research evidence is integrated into clinical practice. This evidence-to-practice gap has deleterious effects on patients as well as research and clinical processes. Bringing clinical knowledge into the research process, however, has the potential to close the evidence-to-practice gap. The NEUROTRANS-Project attempts to bring research and practice together by focusing on two groups that usually operate separately in their communities: general practitioners and neuroscientists. Although both groups focus on dementia as an area of work, they do so in different contexts and without opportunities to share their expertise. Finding new treatment pathways for patients with dementia will require an equal knowledge exchange among researchers and clinicians along with the integration of that knowledge into research processes, so that both groups will benefit from the expertise of the other. Methods The NEUROTRANS-Project uses a qualitative, multi-stage research design to explore how neuroscientists and general practitioners (GPs) approach dementia. Using a grounded theory methodology, it analyzes semi-structured interviews, case vignettes, focus groups with GPs in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, and informal conversations with, and observations of, neuroscientists from the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Magdeburg. Results The NEUROTRANS-Project identified a clear division of labor between two highly specialized professional groups. Neuroscientists focus abstractly on nosology whereas general practitioners tend to patient care following a hermeneutic approach integrating the patients’ perspective of illness. These different approaches to dementia create a barrier to constructive dialogue and the capacity of these groups to do research together with a common aim. Additionally, the broader system of research funding and health care within which the two groups operate reinforces their divide thereby limiting joint research capacity. Conclusions Overcoming barriers to research collaboration between general practitioners and neuroscientists requires a shift in perspective in which both groups actively engage with the other’s viewpoints to facilitate knowledge circulation (KC). Bringing ‘art into science and science into art’, i.e. amalgamating the hermeneutic approach with the perspective of nosology, is the first step in developing joint research agendas that have the potential to close the evidence-to-practice gap.

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