scholarly journals Enhancement of Countermovement Jump Performance Using a Heavy Load with Velocity-Loss Repetition Control in Female Volleyball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11530
Author(s):  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Rafal Kalinowski ◽  
Robert Trybulski ◽  
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik ◽  
Petr Stastny
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Post Hoc

Although velocity control in resistance training is widely studied, its utilization in eliciting post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) responses receives little attention. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of heavy-loaded barbell squats (BS) with velocity loss control conditioning activity (CA) on PAPE in subsequent countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Sixteen resistance-trained female volleyball players participated in this study (age: 24 ± 5 yrs.; body mass: 63.5 ± 5.2 kg; height: 170 ± 6 cm; relative BS one-repetition maximum (1RM): 1.45 ± 0.19 kg/body mass). Each participant performed two different conditions: a set of the BS at 80% 1 RM with repetitions performed until a mean velocity loss of 10% as the CA or a control condition without CA (CNTRL). To assess changes in jump height (JH) and relative mean power output (MP), the CMJ was performed 5 min before and throughout the 10 min after the CA. The two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed a significant main effect of condition (p = 0.008; η2 = 0.387) and time (p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.257) for JH. The post hoc test showed a significant decrease in the 10th min in comparison to the value from baseline (p < 0.006) for the CNTRL condition. For the MP, a significant interaction (p = 0.045; η2 = 0.138) was found. The post hoc test showed a significant decrease in the 10th min in comparison to the values from baseline (p < 0.006) for the CNTRL condition. No significant differences were found between all of the time points and the baseline value for the CA condition. The CA used in the current study fails to enhance subsequent countermovement jump performance in female volleyball players. However, the individual analysis showed that 9 out of the 16 participants (56%) responded positively to the applied CA, suggesting that the PAPE effect may be individually dependent and should be carefully verified before implementation in a training program.

scholarly journals The Acute Post-Activation Performance Enhancement of the Bench Press Throw in Disabled Sitting Volleyball Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3818
Author(s):  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Patryk Matykiewicz ◽  
Diana Celebanska ◽  
Jakub Jarosz ◽  
Eliza Gawel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bar Velocity ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effects of the bench press exercise with predetermined velocity loss percentage on subsequent bench press throw (BPT) performance with raised legs or feet on the floor among disabled, sitting volleyball players. Twelve elite sitting volleyball athletes (age = 33 ± 9 years; body mass = 84.7 ± 14.7 kg; relative bench press maximum strength = 1.0 ± 0.3 kg/body mass) took part in this study. The experiment was performed following a randomized crossover design, where each participant performed a single set of bench press with a 60% one-repetition maximum (1RM) to a 10% decrease of mean bar velocity as a conditioning activity (CA). The BPT with a 60%1RM was performed to assess changes in peak power (PP), peak velocity (PV) before and after the CA. The differences between analyzed variables before and after the CA were verified using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (condition × time; 2 × 2). The ANOVA showed a significant main effect of time for peak bar velocity (p = 0.03; η2 = 0.312) and peak power output (p = 0.037; η2 = 0.294). The post hoc comparison showed a significant increase in post-CA peak bar velocity and peak power for raised legs condition in comparison with pre-CA value (p = 0.02, p = 0.041, respectively). The present study showed that the subsequent BPT performed with raised legs could be enhanced by the bench press with a 60% 1RM to a 10% mean bar velocity decrease as a CA among disabled sitting volleyball players. Therefore, athletes and coaches can consider performing a bench press throw with raised legs without compromising performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Warm-Up Protocols on Jump Performance in College Football Players

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Pagaduan ◽  
Haris Pojskić ◽  
Edin Užičanin ◽  
Fuad Babajić
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Height ◽  
College Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of warm-up strategies on countermovement jump performance. Twenty-nine male college football players (age: 19.4 ± 1.1 years; body height: 179.0 ± 5.1 cm; body mass: 73.1 ± 8.0 kg; % body fat: 11.1 ± 2.7) from the Tuzla University underwent a control (no warm-up) and different warm-up conditions: 1. general warm-up; 2. general warm-up with dynamic stretching; 3. general warm-up, dynamic stretching and passive stretching; 4. passive static stretching; 5. passive static stretching and general warm-up; and, 6. passive static stretching, general warm-up and dynamic stretching. Countermovement jump performance was measured after each intervention or control. Results from one way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference on warm-up strategies at F (4.07, 113.86) = 69.56, p < 0.001, eta squared = 0.72. Bonferonni post hoc revealed that a general warm-up and a general warm-up with dynamic stretching posted the greatest gains among all interventions. On the other hand, no warm-up and passive static stretching displayed the least results in countermovement jump performance. In conclusion, countermovement jump performance preceded by a general warmup or a general warm-up with dynamic stretching posted superior gains in countermovement jump performance.

scholarly journals Repeated Menthol Mouth Swilling Affects Neither Strength nor Power Performance

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russ Best ◽  
Dani Temm ◽  
Holly Hucker ◽  
Kerin McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
And Control

This study aimed to assess the effects of repeated menthol mouth swilling upon strength and power performance. Nineteen (10 male) participants completed familiarisation and experimental trials of repeated menthol mouth swilling (0.1% concentration) or control (no swill) in a randomised crossover design. Participants performed an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP; peak and mean force; N), vertical jump (peak; cm) and six second sprint (peak and mean power; W) under each condition. Participants completed three efforts per exercise task interspersed with three-minute recoveries. Mean best values were analysed via a two-way mixed repeated measures ANOVA, and differences reported as effect sizes ± 95% confidence intervals, with accompanying descriptors and p values. Differences in peak IMTP values were unclear between familiarisation and experimental trials, and between menthol and control conditions. Mean IMTP force differed between familiarisation and control (0.51; −0.15 to 1.14; p = 0.001) and familiarisation and menthol conditions (0.50; −0.15 to 1.14; p = 0.002) by a small degree, but were unclear between control and menthol conditions. Unclear differences were also noted on vertical jump performance compared to familiarisation and between experimental conditions, with repeated six second peak and average power performance also showing unclear effects across all comparisons. We conclude that repeated menthol mouth swilling does not improve strength or power performance.

Effectiveness of Accentuated Eccentric Loading: Contingent on Concentric Load

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Justin J. Merrigan ◽  
James J. Tufano ◽  
Michael Falzone ◽  
Margaret T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Eccentric Load ◽  
Back Squat

Purpose: To identify acute effects of a single accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) repetition on subsequent back-squat kinetics and kinematics with different concentric loads. Methods: Resistance-trained men (N = 21) participated in a counterbalanced crossover design and completed 4 protocols (sets × repetitions at eccentric/concentric) as follows: AEL65, 3 × 5 at 120%/65% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM); AEL80, 3 × 3 at 120%/80% 1-RM; TRA65, 3 × 5 at 65%/65% 1-RM; and TRA80, 3 × 3 at 80%/80% 1-RM. During AEL, weight releasers disengaged from the barbell after the eccentric phase of the first repetition and remained off for the remaining repetitions. All repetitions were performed on a force plate with linear position transducers attached to the barbell, from which eccentric and concentric peak and mean velocity, force, and power were derived. Results: Eccentric peak velocity (−0.076 [0.124] m·s−1; P = .01), concentric peak force (187.8 [284.4] N; P = .01), eccentric mean power (−145.2 [62.0] W; P = .03), and eccentric peak power (−328.6 [93.7] W; P < .01) during AEL65 were significantly greater than TRA65. When collapsed across repetitions, AEL65 resulted in slower eccentric velocity and power during repetition 1 but faster eccentric and concentric velocity and power in subsequent repetitions (P ≤ .04). When comparing AEL80 with TRA80, concentric peak force (133.8 [56.9] N; P = .03), eccentric mean power (−83.57 [38.0] W; P = .04), and eccentric peak power (−242.84 [67.3] W; P < .01) were enhanced. Conclusions: Including a single supramaximal eccentric phase of 120% 1-RM increased subsequent velocity and power with concentric loads of 65% 1-RM, but not 80% 1-RM. Therefore, AEL is sensitive to the magnitude of concentric loads, which requires a large relative difference to the eccentric load, and weight releasers may not need to be reloaded to induce performance enhancement.

Reducing the Loss of Velocity and Power in Women Athletes via Rest Redistribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin J. Merrigan ◽  
James J. Tufano ◽  
Jonathan M. Oliver ◽  
Jason B. White ◽  
Jennifer B. Fields ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Percentage Loss ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Training History

Purpose: To examine rest redistribution (RR) effects on back squat kinetics and kinematics in resistance-trained women. Methods: Twelve women from strength and college sports (5.0 [2.2] y training history) participated in the randomized crossover design study with 72 hours between sessions (3 total). Participants completed 4 sets of 10 repetitions using traditional sets (120-s interset rest) and RR (30-s intraset rest in the middle of each set; 90-s interset rest) with 70% of their 1-repetition maximum. Kinetics and kinematics were sampled via force plate and 4 linear position transducers. The greatest value of repetitions 1 to 3 (peak repetition) was used to calculate percentage loss, [(repetition 10–peak repetition)/(peak repetition) × 100], and maintenance, {100–[(set mean–peak repetition)/(peak repetition)] × 100}, of velocity and power for each set. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for analyses (P < .05). Results: Mean and peak force did not differ between conditions. A condition × repetition interaction existed for peak power (P = .049) but not for peak velocity (P = .110). Peak power was greater in repetitions 7 to 9 (P < .05; d = 1.12–1.27) during RR. The percentage loss of velocity (95% confidence interval, –0.22% to –7.22%; P = .039) and power (95% confidence interval, –1.53% to –7.87%; P = .008) were reduced in RR. Mean velocity maintenance of sets 3 (P = .036; d = 1.90) and 4 (P = .015; d = 2.30) and mean power maintenance of set 4 (P = .006; d = 2.65) were greater in RR. Conclusion: By redistributing a portion of long interset rest into the middle of a set, velocity and power were better maintained. Therefore, redistributing rest may be beneficial for reducing fatigue in resistance-trained women.

Cluster Sets: Permitting Greater Mechanical Stress Without Decreasing Relative Velocity

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Tufano ◽  
Jenny A. Conlon ◽  
Sophia Nimphius ◽  
Lee E. Brown ◽  
Harry G. Banyard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
External Work ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Mechanical Power Output ◽  
Cluster Sets ◽  
External Loads

Purpose:To determine the effects of intraset rest frequency and training load on muscle time under tension, external work, and external mechanical power output during back-squat protocols with similar changes in velocity.Methods:Twelve strength-trained men (26.0 ± 4.2 y, 83.1 ± 8.8 kg, 1.75 ± 0.06 m, 1.88:0.19 one-repetition-maximum [1RM] body mass) performed 3 sets of 12 back squats using 3 different set structures: traditional sets with 60% 1RM (TS), cluster sets of 4 with 75% 1RM (CS4), and cluster sets of 2 with 80% 1RM (CS2). Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to determine differences in peak force (PF), mean force (MF), peak velocity (PV), mean velocity (MV), peak power (PP), mean power (MP), total work (TW), total time under tension (TUT), percentage mean velocity loss (%MVL), and percentage peak velocity loss (%PVL) between protocols.Results:Compared with TS and CS4, CS2 resulted in greater MF, TW, and TUT in addition to less MV, PV, and MP. Similarly, CS4 resulted in greater MF, TW, and TUT in addition to less MV, PV, and MP than TS did. There were no differences between protocols for %MVL, %PVL, PF, or PP.Conclusions:These data show that the intraset rest provided in CS4 and CS2 allowed for greater external loads than with TS, increasing TW and TUT while resulting in similar PP and %VL. Therefore, cluster-set structures may function as an alternative method to traditional strength- or hypertrophy-oriented training by increasing training load without increasing %VL or decreasing PP.

scholarly journals Reliability and Differences of Jump Kinetics Related to Different Load in College Male Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Chuang ◽  
Ching-Hung Lin ◽  
Cheng-Wen Wu ◽  
Kuo-Chuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Eccentric Contraction ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
College Male ◽  
Contraction Duration ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to explore reliability and differences of jump kinetics related to different training load in college male athletes. The subjects were required to perform countermovement jump (CMJ) and loaded countermovement jump (LCMJ-0%, LCMJ-20% and LCMJ-80% of one-repetition maximum squat) three times for each load which were recorded by a force plate. One-way repeated measures ANOVA and the LSD post hoc method were employed to evaluate the results. The results reveled that jump kinetics-related parameters increased/decreased by the load. Compared with the loading jumps, the CMJ incorporate with an arm swing directly led to an increase in eccentric contraction duration during jumping. Most of the jump mechanical parameters under substantially different load conditions fall within the good to excellent reliability. It appears that the CMJ and CMJ with extra load were reliable in explore the kinetics related parameters. Keywords: countermovement jump, one-repetition maximum, arm swing, eccentric contraction

Using an overhead target increases volleyball-specific vertical jump performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 175433712110396
Author(s):  
Mehmet Yildiz ◽  
Zeki Akyildiz ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Deniz Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Vertical Jumps ◽  
Regular Training

In volleyball, spikes, and block jumps are among the most important movements when earning points and impacting performance. Many studies have found a greater jump height after acutely augmented feedback and extrinsic focus of attention on vertical jump height. However, there are limited studies on the long-term effects of using an overhead target on volleyball-specific vertical jumps (block and spike jumps). Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of using an overhead target on the vertical jump heights of volleyball players. Twenty-five professional male volleyball players (age: 24.44 ± 3.78 years; height: 1.82 ± 8.79 cm; body mass: 80.96 ± 9.37 kg) were randomly assigned either to the experimental group with an overhead target (OHT) ( n = 9), group without an overhead target (WOHT) ( n = 10), or the control group ( n = 8). The OHT group performed vertical jumps with an overhead target before their regular training program, while the WOHT group completed vertical jumps without an overhead target before their regular training program. Meanwhile, the control group performed only their regular training program, which was a 5 week (3 days per week) program. All participants’ spike jump (SPJ) and block jump (BJ) results were assessed before and after the intervention. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (3 × 2) did not reveal any significant between-group interactions for SPJ and BJ ( F = 7.32, p < 0.11 and F = 1.59, p < 0.22 respectively), but significant results were found for the time effect ( F = 96.33, p < 0.01 and F = 132.25, p < 0.01 respectively) and group × time interaction ( F = 42.59, p < 0.01 and F = 61.52, p < 0.01, respectively). While the pre- and post-tests for BJ and SPJ values did not change in the control group ( p > 0.05), both of these values increased in the OHT group (60.00 ± 5.95–67.44 ± 5.98 cm, p < 0.01 for d = 1.24 and 49.00 ± 6.74–56.22 ± 5.29 cm p < 0.01 for d = 1.19, respectively) and WOHT group (57.50 ± 4.86–60.50 ± 4.99 cm, p < 0.01 for d = 0.60 and 47.75 ± 4.65–50.25 ± 3.69 cm, p < 0.01 for d = 0.59). It has been suggested that trainers and professionals can use an overhead target to increase the BJ and SPJ heights of professional volleyball players.

scholarly journals Influence of Strength Level on the Acute Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Following Flywheel and Free Weight Resistance Training

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7156
Author(s):  
Borja Sañudo ◽  
Moisés de Hoyo ◽  
G Gregory Haff ◽  
Alejandro Muñoz-López
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aimed to compare the post-activation potentiation performance enhancement (PAPE) response to the acute inertial flywheel (FW) and free weight resistance training (TRA) on subsequent countermovement jump (CMJ) and sprint performance (10 m sprint). This study used a randomized crossover design including twenty-eight healthy males that were divided into strong (relative one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat > 2.0 × body mass) and weak (relative 1RM back squat < 2.0 × body mass) groups. All participants performed the following: (a) three reps at 90% of their 1RM back squat (TRA) and (b) three reps on an inertial FW (plus one repetition to initiate flywheel movement) with an intensity that generated a mean propulsive velocity equal to that achieved with 90% of the 1RM back squat. Before and after the conditioning activity, participants performed two CMJs and two 10 m sprints. Within-group analyses showed significantly greater CMJ (d > 0.9, p < 0.001) and sprint performance (d > 0.5, p < 0.05) in the FW and the TRA group. Between-group analysis showed that sprint changes were significantly greater in the FW-strong group when compared with the TRA (F1,18 = 5.11, p = 0.036, η2p = 0.221—large) group. These results suggest that using a squat activation protocol on a FW may lead to an acute positive effect on jump and sprint performance, especially in stronger individuals.

Relative Net Vertical Impulse Determines Jumping Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Kirby ◽  
Jeffrey M. McBride ◽  
Tracie L. Haines ◽  
Andrea M. Dayne
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Velocity Peak ◽  
Force Peak ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between relative net vertical impulse and jump height in a countermovement jump and static jump performed to varying squat depths. Ten college-aged males with 2 years of jumping experience participated in this investigation (age: 23.3 ± 1.5 years; height: 176.7 ± 4.5 cm; body mass: 84.4 ± 10.1 kg). Subjects performed a series of static jumps and countermovement jumps in a randomized fashion to a depth of 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75 m and a self-selected depth (static jump depth = 0.38 ± 0.08 m, countermovement jump depth = 0.49 ± 0.06 m). During the concentric phase of each jump, peak force, peak velocity, peak power, jump height, and net vertical impulse were recorded and analyzed. Net vertical impulse was divided by body mass to produce relative net vertical impulse. Increasing squat depth corresponded to a decrease in peak force and an increase in jump height and relative net vertical impulse for both static jump and countermovement jump. Across all depths, relative net vertical impulse was statistically significantly correlated to jump height in the static jump (r= .9337,p< .0001, power = 1.000) and countermovement jump (r= .925,p< .0001, power = 1.000). Across all depths, peak force was negatively correlated to jump height in the static jump (r= –0.3947,p= .0018, power = 0.8831) and countermovement jump (r= –0.4080,p= .0012, power = 0.9050). These results indicate that relative net vertical impulse can be used to assess vertical jump performance, regardless of initial squat depth, and that peak force may not be the best measure to assess vertical jump performance.

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