School Bag-Related Factors and Their Implications for Walking and Cycling to School among New Zealand Adolescents

Excessive school bag weight may be a modifiable barrier to active transport to school. This study examined correlates of school bag weight and adolescents’ perceptions of excessive school bag weight for walking and cycling to school among New Zealand adolescents living in diverse settlement types. Adolescents (n = 1512; 15.0 ± 1.3 years) completed a questionnaire and had their bag weight (n = 1190) and body weight (n = 1038) measured. Adolescents using active transport and rural adolescents had lighter school bags compared to their counterparts. One-third of adolescents reported excessive school bag weight for walking (31.2%) and cycling (37.2%) to school. Positive correlates of relative school bag weight were female gender (regression coefficient (95% CI): 0.53 (0.13, 0.93)), and underweight (2.21 (1.39, 3.02)), whereas negative correlates were Māori ethnicity (−0.87 (−1.41, −0.32)), overweight (−1.84 (−2.35, −1.34)) and obesity (−3.57 (−4.26, −2.87)), and school location in small urban areas (−2.10 (−4.19, −0.01)), and rural settlements (−3.58 (−5.66, −1.49)). Older adolescents, females, those with greater relative school bag weight, and those experiencing school bag-related pain symptoms and/or fatigue were more likely to report excessive school bag weight for both walking and cycling to school. Future initiatives should target reducing excessive school bag weight, particularly in female and urban adolescents.

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FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TELEVISION COMMERCIALS IN URBAN AREA IN EGYPT

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews ◽

10.18510/hssr.2020.8320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 190-199

Author(s):

Mohamed M Ali Abdallah Ali ◽

Amiruddin Ahamat ◽

Adnan Jawabri

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Adolescents ◽

Television Advertising ◽

Value Orientations ◽

Rural Adolescents ◽

Television Commercials ◽

Air Conditioners ◽

Desktop Computers ◽

Grade 8

Purpose: This research examined the effects of television-advertising viewing on the perceived wealth in society and the materialistic value orientations among adolescents in urban Egypt. Methodology: A survey on two hundred (200) adolescents aged eleven (11) to seventeen (17) was conducted in 2013. The urban sub-sample consisted of one hundred (100) respondents studying in Grade 7 and Grade 8 from a secondary school in Cairo city. The rural sub-sample consisted of one hundred (100) respondents studying in Grade 7 and Grade 8 from two (2) rural secondary schools in Alexandria. Main Findings: In the survey among urban (Cairo) adolescent respondents, it was found that there were higher estimates among adolescents whose family-owned five (5) modern-day products namely desktop computers, cameras, air conditioners and motorcars. This finding is not surprising as urban dwellers have a higher income than rural folks which translated into the higher purchasing power of buying modern-day products. Urban adolescents’ families owned more than rural adolescents’ families in terms of modern-day products namely desktop computers, cameras, air-conditioners and motorcars except for handphones as there was almost no difference in terms of owning handphones for urban or rural adolescents’ families. Implications: In addition, marketers are advised to consider placing advertisements on national television in their quest to reach out and promote their products and services to adolescents living in urban areas, as frequent watching of advertisements on television by adolescents in urban areas has a positive correlation with greater materialistic value. Novelty: The importance of this study is that it has managed to present empirical evidence that television advertising has an influence on materialism and perceived level of wealth among adolescents in urban areas of Egypt.

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Comparative Study of Attitude of Adolescents Studying in Junior Colleges of Rural and Urban Areas of Vijayapura towards Social Aspects of Life

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 1280-1285

Author(s):

Sadashiva Basavantappa Ukkali ◽

Nagamani Kulkarni ◽

Thobbi A.N. ◽

Ayesha Siddiqua ◽

Shruthi Reddy

Keyword(s):

Risk Taking ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Adolescents ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Social Aspects ◽

Rural Adolescents ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban

BACKGROUND Adolescent period is that part of exciting period of life which marks the transition from being a dependent kid to an independent and responsible adult. It is recognised as a fascinating period that poses specific challenges and has a great impact on the physical, social and emotional behaviour in the family and society. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional survey of a total of 1000 adolescents, 16 - 18 years of age – 250 each from 4 PU colleges (2 urban + 2 rural) were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. Based on responses, their attitude towards social aspects of life were assessed, analysed and compared. RESULTS There were significant differences in attitude of adolescents residing in urban areas on various social aspects of life as compared to the adolescents residing in rural areas. Significant differences were observed in personality development traits like selfesteem and self-concept, shrewdness, tender mindedness, internal restraint and individual capacities. Risk taking behaviour was more common in urban adolescents and academic underachievement was more common in rural adolescents. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to home / college environment, safety at home / college, relationships with parents, siblings and friends, depression and social ideation. CONCLUSIONS We observed that rural and urban adolescents differed significantly in their attitude towards development of personality traits. Rural adolescents were academically underachievers because of poor facilities, less opportunities and lack of motivation. Urban adolescents exhibited high risk-taking behaviour compared to rural adolescents because of high peer-pressure, curiosity and more exposure to mass media. KEY WORDS Adolescent, Attitude, Rural, Urban, Social

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Active Transport to School and School Neighbourhood Built Environment across Urbanisation Settings in Otago, New Zealand

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17239013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 9013

Author(s):

Mohammad Lutfur Rahman ◽

Tessa Pocock ◽

Antoni Moore ◽

Sandra Mandic

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Built Environment ◽

Active Transport ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Online Survey ◽

School Level ◽

Residential Density ◽

Perceived Safety ◽

Walkability Index ◽

Intersection Density

The school neighbourhood built environment (BE) can facilitate active transport to school (ATS) in adolescents. Most previous studies examining ATS were conducted in large urban centres and focused on BE of home neighbourhoods. This study examined correlations between school-level ATS rates among adolescents, objectively measured school neighbourhood BE features, and adolescents’ perceptions of the school route across different urbanisation settings. Adolescents (n = 1260; 15.2 ± 1.4 years; 43.6% male) were recruited from 23 high schools located in large, medium, and small urban areas, and rural settings in Otago, New Zealand. Adolescents completed an online survey. School neighbourhood BE features were analysed using Geographic Information Systems. School neighbourhood intersection density, residential density and walkability index were higher in large urban areas compared to other urbanisation settings. School-level ATS rates (mean 38.1%; range: 27.8%–43.9%) were negatively correlated with school neighbourhood intersection density (r = −0.58), residential density (r = −0.60), and walkability index (r = −0.64; all p < 0.01). School-level ATS rates were also negatively associated with adolescents’ perceived safety concerns for walking (r = −0.76) and cycling (r = −0.78) to school, high traffic volume (r = −0.82), and presence of dangerous intersections (r = −0.75; all p < 0.01). Future initiatives to encourage ATS should focus on school neighbourhood BE features and minimise adolescents’ traffic safety related concerns.

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Comparative Study of Risk Profiles for Non-Communicable Diseases in Urban and Suburb Adolescents in Padang City (Indonesia)

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.7395 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (E) ◽

pp. 1233-1237

Author(s):

Meri Neherta ◽

Yonrizal Nurdin

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Adolescents ◽

Health Workers ◽

Total Sample ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Rural Adolescents ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Adolescence is when we still like to experiment and often develop bad habits which may lead to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the future. This study aimed to understand the lifestyle at risk of non-communicable diseases in adolescents that live in the urban and rural areas of Padang city. This research method is comparative descriptive with a descriptive-analytical approach, with a total sample of 788 people. The study was conducted from March 2019 to November 2019. Results: A total of 57.77% of respondents in urban areas and 69.54% of respondents in rural areas like to eat junk food. 45.35% urban respondents and 60.21% rural respondents like to consume high-sweetened beverages. 73.4% of urban respondents and 7.6% of rural respondents like to smoke. 80.6% of urban respondents and 87.8% of rural respondents lack physical activity. 59.9% of urban respondents and 49.05% of rural respondents do not like to exercise. 67% of urban respondents and 80.2% of rural respondents sleep late at night. Conclusion: The risk behavior of non-communicable diseases in rural adolescents is higher than in urban adolescents. It is recommended that parents, teachers, and health workers work together to carry out intervention activities for healthy lifestyles for all adolescents.

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A Comparative Study to Assess the Prevalence of Malnutrition and its Related factors among Under Five Children in Selected Rural and Urban Areas of District Jalandhar, Punjab, 2019

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) ◽

10.29322/ijsrp.9.10.2019.p94108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. p94108

Author(s):

Vidya Wanti ◽

J. Sobiya ◽

Shivani Kalia

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Related Factors ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban

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HIV INFECTION AND SOME RELATED FACTORS IN FEMALE MASSAGE THERAPISTS IN QUANG NGAI PROVINCE

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2015.3.8 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

Xuan Chuong Tran ◽

Thi Thanh Hoa Le ◽

Ngoc Van Nguyen ◽

Thanh Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Sexual Contact ◽

Related Factor ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Keywords Hiv ◽

Study Results ◽

Massage Therapists

Background: HIV/AIDS is still a dangerous infection in Vietnam and in the world. Studying of HIV infection and related factors in high risk groups, including female massage therapists is therefore very important. Aims: 1. To study the HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province. 2. To fine some related factors to HIV infection. Patients and methods: Female massage therapists working in Quang Ngai province. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Results: The rate of HIV infection was 0.99%. Group older than 22 years old had higher rate of infection than group under 22 years old (1.80% vs 0.69%). The girls from urban areas or not using condom had higher rate of infection than group from rural or not using condom (1.57% vs 0.47% and 7.32% vs. 0.57%). Most of HIV infected belong to single or divorce groups. Conclusions: The rate of HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province was 0.99%. The HIV infection related factor was not using condom in sexual contact. Keywords: HIV, female massage therapists, Quang Ngai

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Virtue, Shame, and Choice: Perspectives of Sex Work Among Adolescents in Variously Globalized Thai Communities

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology ◽

10.1177/00220221211032393 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002202212110323

Author(s):

Jessica McKenzie ◽

José J. Reyes ◽

Kajai C. Xiong ◽

Alysia Corona ◽

Chelsee Armsworthy

Keyword(s):

Moral Reasoning ◽

Cultural Values ◽

Sex Work ◽

Urban Adolescents ◽

Rural Adolescents ◽

Personal Choice ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

International Reputation ◽

Sexual Conservatism ◽

Global Values

Although taboo given the traditional Thai value of female sexual conservatism, sex work is a practice for which Thailand has gained international attention. As in other rapidly globalizing contexts, however, Thai youth are increasingly exposed to global values of gender equality, self-fulfillment, and personal choice. This may, in turn, alter youth perspectives of this taboo yet pervasive practice. To understand how Thai youth negotiate local and global values when considering sex work, this study examined the moral evaluations and moral reasoning of adolescents residing in variously globalized communities. Forty participants (20 adolescents in each a more and a less globalized Thai setting) participated in interviews in which they discussed their perspectives of sex work. Quantitative analysis of moral evaluations revealed that rural and urban adolescents alike deemed sex work as mostly morally wrong. Qualitative analysis of moral reasoning revealed that both participant groups prioritized Thai values of sexual purity for women, shame avoidance, and reputation maintenance. Yet distinct values were also endorsed across participant groups. Rural adolescents centered local values (e.g., relational choice, women’s dignity, Buddhist divinity) and urban adolescents drew heavily from global values (e.g., autonomous choice, romantic love, international reputation) when reasoning about the morality and immorality of sex work. Findings point to the manner in which contextual realities shape—and reshape—cultural values in this rapidly globalizing nation.

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Quality of Life of Healthcare Workers Suffering from Occupational Contact Dermatitis

Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery ◽

10.2174/1872213x14666210303155135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Amira Omrane ◽

Asma Khedher ◽

Chayma Harrathi ◽

Maher Maoua ◽

Taoufik Khalfallah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Female Gender ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Healthcare Personnel ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Occupational Contact Dermatitis

Background: Healthcare workers are at a high risk of developing Occupational Dermatitis (OD). Affected workers often experience severe impairment of their Quality of Life (QoL). This study aimed to assess the skin-related QoL of healthcare workers with OD and to explore its related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional and exhaustive study was conducted among healthcare personnel of four public hospitals in the central region of Tunisia. All the cases of OD declared were included. Skin-related QoL was assessed using the validated Tunisian version of the “Dermatology Life Quality Index” (DLQI). Some related patents were discussed. Results: A total of 37 cases of OD were collected with an annual incidence of 4.2 cases per 10000 workers. The population was predominantly female (73%) and mean aged 44.7±9.4 years. Nurses were the most represented occupational category (38%). Allergic contact dermatitis was the most frequent diagnosis (96%). Use of gloves was the most frequently reported occupational hazard (86%). The most frequently affected sites were hands (97%). The median score of DLQI was five. Multivariate analysis showed an association between the impairment of skin-related QoL and female gender (p = 0.04; OR = 19.3,84), exposure to disinfecting chemicals in the workplace (p = 0.01; OR = 17,306) and the absence of occupational reclassification (p = 0.01; OR = 21,567). Conclusion: About one third of the population had an impaired quality of life. The score impairment was significantly related to female gender, exposure to disinfecting chemicals and the absence of occupational reclassification.

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Control of chironomid midge larvae in wastewater stabilisation ponds: comparison of five compounds

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0460 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

pp. 191-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. Craggs ◽

L. Golding ◽

S. Clearwater ◽

L. Susarla ◽

W. Donovan

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Large Scale ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Small Scale ◽

Slight Reduction ◽

Organic Loading ◽

Valuable Component ◽

Pre Treatment

Chironomid midge larvae are a valuable component of wastewater stabilisation pond (WSP) ecology. However, in high numbers, adult midge swarms can be a nuisance to near-by urban areas. Improving WSP treatment by incorporating aerobic or maturation ponds or by the addition of pre-treatment to reduce organic loading also increases the availability of aerobic sediment (midge larva habitat) in the pond system and the potential for midge nuisance problems. The efficacy of Maldison, an organophosphate traditionally used to control midge larvae in New Zealand WSPs, was compared to Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), Methoprene, Pyriproxyfen and Diflubenzuron which are all more specific to insects and have fewer adverse environmental effects. Initial laboratory trials established the concentration of each compound required to achieve 95% control of the midge population. During 21-day small-scale trials within the WSP, Bti, Diflubenzuron and Maldison reduced live larvae numbers substantially (80–89%) compared to controls and adult midge emergence was markedly reduced by all compounds (72–96%). Large-scale trials with Bti (Vectobac® WG) powder (1000 μg/L) only caused a slight reduction in midge larvae numbers compared to controls and had little effect on adult emergence, however, Methoprene (Prolink XRG granules) (50 μgAI/L) reduced midge adult emergence by ∼80% over 25 days and has been used successfully to control several midge nuisance outbreaks.

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