scholarly journals Comparative Study of Risk Profiles for Non-Communicable Diseases in Urban and Suburb Adolescents in Padang City (Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 1233-1237
Author(s):  
Meri Neherta ◽  
Yonrizal Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Adolescence is when we still like to experiment and often develop bad habits which may lead to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the future. This study aimed to understand the lifestyle at risk of non-communicable diseases in adolescents that live in the urban and rural areas of Padang city. This research method is comparative descriptive with a descriptive-analytical approach, with a total sample of 788 people. The study was conducted from March 2019 to November 2019. Results: A total of 57.77% of respondents in urban areas and 69.54% of respondents in rural areas like to eat junk food. 45.35% urban respondents and 60.21% rural respondents like to consume high-sweetened beverages. 73.4% of urban respondents and 7.6% of rural respondents like to smoke. 80.6% of urban respondents and 87.8% of rural respondents lack physical activity. 59.9% of urban respondents and 49.05% of rural respondents do not like to exercise. 67% of urban respondents and 80.2% of rural respondents sleep late at night. Conclusion: The risk behavior of non-communicable diseases in rural adolescents is higher than in urban adolescents. It is recommended that parents, teachers, and health workers work together to carry out intervention activities for healthy lifestyles for all adolescents.

Spatial Clusters of Diabetes and Physical Inactivity: Do Neighborhood Characteristics in High and Low Clusters Differ?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-621
Author(s):  
Joanna Sara Valson ◽  
V. Raman Kutty ◽  
Biju Soman ◽  
V. T. Jissa
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This study aims to find spatial clusters of diabetes and physical inactivity among a sample population in Kerala, India, and evaluate built environment characteristics within the high and low spatial clusters. Spatial clusters with a higher and lower likelihood of diabetes and physical inactivity were identified using spatial scan statistic at various radii. Built environment characteristics were captured at panchayat level and 1600 m buffer around participant location using Geographical Information Systems. Comparison of sociodemographic and built environment factors was carried out for participants within high and low spatial clusters using t tests. Ten high and 8 low spatial clusters of diabetes and 17 high and 23 low spatial clusters of physical inactivity were identified in urban and rural areas of Kerala. Significant differences in built environment characteristics were consistent for low spatial clusters of diabetes and physical inactivity in the urban scenario. Built environment characteristics were found to be relevant in both urban and rural areas of Kerala. There is an urgent call to explore spatial clustering of non-communicable diseases in Kerala and undo the one-size-fits-all approach for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Health Services Delivered by Community Health Workers on Outcomes Related to Non-Communicable Diseases among Elderly People in Rural Areas: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Widyasari ◽  
Ferry Fadzlul Rahman ◽  
Kuan-Han Lin ◽  
Jiun-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Background: The number of elderly and the burden of non-communicable diseases increase with time. Community involvement is expected to be an important prevention agent for their neighbors. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of health services delivered by community health workers (CHWs) which focus on physiological indices related to non-communicable diseases among elderly people and to explain the health services or interventions carried out by CHWs.   Methods: This systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, ProQuest Science Database, Scopus, EBSCOhost CINAHL, and Web of Science were taken as the source of databases. Manual search was also conducted for articles published before March 2019 without time restriction. The quality of each study was assessed using Critical Checklist by Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: Of the 3,275 initial studies retrieved, 4 studies were included in qualitative synthesis analysis. Three studies arranged a face-to-face interview, while the other study was conducted over the phone. All the 4 studies were intervention studies. Three of them showed a significant improvement in mean systolic blood pressure for the intervention group compared to the control group. The other study showed a significant improvement in weight loss for the intervention group. Conclusion: Health services delivered by CHWs was beneficial to elderly people in rural areas on some physiological indices. It suggested that health services delivered CHWs could contribute toward secondary prevention programs.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Attitude of Adolescents Studying in Junior Colleges of Rural and Urban Areas of Vijayapura towards Social Aspects of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 1280-1285
Author(s):  
Sadashiva Basavantappa Ukkali ◽  
Nagamani Kulkarni ◽  
Thobbi A.N. ◽  
Ayesha Siddiqua ◽  
Shruthi Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban

BACKGROUND Adolescent period is that part of exciting period of life which marks the transition from being a dependent kid to an independent and responsible adult. It is recognised as a fascinating period that poses specific challenges and has a great impact on the physical, social and emotional behaviour in the family and society. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional survey of a total of 1000 adolescents, 16 - 18 years of age – 250 each from 4 PU colleges (2 urban + 2 rural) were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. Based on responses, their attitude towards social aspects of life were assessed, analysed and compared. RESULTS There were significant differences in attitude of adolescents residing in urban areas on various social aspects of life as compared to the adolescents residing in rural areas. Significant differences were observed in personality development traits like selfesteem and self-concept, shrewdness, tender mindedness, internal restraint and individual capacities. Risk taking behaviour was more common in urban adolescents and academic underachievement was more common in rural adolescents. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to home / college environment, safety at home / college, relationships with parents, siblings and friends, depression and social ideation. CONCLUSIONS We observed that rural and urban adolescents differed significantly in their attitude towards development of personality traits. Rural adolescents were academically underachievers because of poor facilities, less opportunities and lack of motivation. Urban adolescents exhibited high risk-taking behaviour compared to rural adolescents because of high peer-pressure, curiosity and more exposure to mass media. KEY WORDS Adolescent, Attitude, Rural, Urban, Social

scholarly journals Inequality in the Utilization of Rehabilitation Services Among Urban and Rural Households in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-357
Author(s):  
Jafar Yahyavi Dizaj ◽  
◽  
Faroogh Na'emani ◽  
Mohsen Fateh ◽  
Manijeh Soleimanifar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Utilization ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Rich ◽  
East Azerbaijan

Objective: Demographic and epidemiological changes in the 21st century have created new challenges such as aging and the rising trend of non-communicable diseases. The high prevalence of disability (due to the growing aging population), non-communicable diseases, and accidents have increased the demand for rehabilitation services. However, there are not enough resources to meet all current needs in many parts of the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inequality in the utilization of rehabilitation services between Iranian households in urban and rural areas. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design using the household expenditure, income survey data from the Statistics Center of Iran in 2018. The used instrument was a questionnaire surveying the expenditure and income of urban and rural households (social characteristics of household members, place of residence and main living facilities, food/non-food expenses, and household income), which was completed through interviewing the household head or a member over 15 years of age. The study samples were 18610 households in rural areas and 20348 households in urban areas. After extracting and refining the data, 38958 households were included in the study. Factors affecting their utilization of rehabilitation services and the inequality in utilization were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the concentration index (CI), respectively. Data were extracted in MS Access 2013 and MS Excel 2013 applications and were analyzed in STATA V.14.1 software. The geographic distribution of the service utilization was plotted using ArcGIS Map V. 10 software. Results: A total of 258 households (0.77%) used rehabilitation services. Of these, 226 (87%) had a male head, and 32 (13%) had a female head. About 60% had 3-4 members, and 239 (92%) had insurance coverage, and others (8%) had no insurance coverage. Also, 173 (67%) had an employed head. Finally, 55% were living in rural areas, and 45% in urban areas. Uninsured households had less use of rehabilitation services (P<0.05). Also, 1.32% of the fifth income quintile (highest income) used rehabilitation services, while this rate was 0.35% for households in the first quintile (P<0.001). Zanjan, Qazvin, Khuzestan, Isfahan, Lorestan, Bushehr, and Semnan provinces had the lowest service utilization rates in urban/rural areas and the whole country. Qom province had a better status regarding service utilization in urban areas, while East Azerbaijan, Mazandaran, Golestan, Yazd, Fars, and Hormozgan provinces had higher service utilization rates in rural areas. Overall, East Azerbaijan, Mazandaran, and Qom provinces had a higher rate of utilization. The CI value for the whole country was reported at 0.24 (95% CI: 0.17-0.30), indicating a higher inequality in utilization in favor of the rich. The CI values for rural and urban areas were 0.27 and 0.19, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: There is inequality in the utilization of rehabilitation services in favor of the rich households in Iran, and low-income households have lower access to these services. The inclusion of rehabilitation services in the primary health insurance package with appropriate pricing and population coverage, and fair distribution of rehabilitation services following the needs of public and private sectors, can increase the access and utilization of rehabilitation services.

scholarly journals Diversity of Oral Microbiome of Women From Urban and Rural Areas of Indonesia: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armelia Sari Widyarman ◽  
Citra Fragrantia Theodorea ◽  
Nadeeka S. Udawatte ◽  
Aradhea Monica Drestia ◽  
Endang W. Bachtiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Objective: The studies on the influence of geographical and socio-economic factors on the oral microbiome remain underrepresented. The Indonesia basic health research (RISKESDAS) 2018, showed an increasing trend in non-communicable diseases compared with the previous report in 2013. The prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and obesity are reported to be higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Interestingly, non-communicable diseases were found to be more prevalent in women than men. This pilot study aimed to examine the oral health and oral microbiome derived from tongue samples of healthy Indonesian women from urban and rural areas.Methods: Twenty women aged 21–47 years old from West Jakarta, residents of DKI Jakarta (n = 10) as representative of the urban area, and residents of Ende, Nangapanda, East Nusa Tenggara (n = 10) as representative of the rural area were recruited for this pilot study. The participants were evaluated by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) according to the criteria of Greene and Vermillion and divided into three groups. High-throughput DNA sequencing was performed on an Illumina iSeq 100 platform.Results: The principal component analysis displayed a marked difference in the bacterial community profiles between the urban and rural localities. The presence of manifest was associated with increased diversity and an altered oral bacterial community profile in the urban women. Two bacterial taxa were present at significantly higher levels (adjusted p &lt; 0.01) in the urban oral microflora (Genus Prevotella and Leptotricia) could account for this difference irrespective of the individual oral hygiene status. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed several distinct urban biomarkers. At the species level, Leptotrichia wadei, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella jejuni, and P. histicola, show an excellent discriminatory potential for distinguishing the oral microflora in women between urban and rural areas. Further, using SparCC co-occurrence network analysis, the co-occurrence pattern in the dominant core oral microbiome assembly was observed to be specific to its ecological niche between two populations.Conclusions: This is the first pilot study demonstrating the characterization of the oral microbiome in Indonesian women in urban and rural areas. We found that the oral microbiome in women displays distinct patterns consistent with geographic locality. The specific characterization of the microbiota of Indonesian women is likely linked to geographical specific dietary habits, cultural habits, and socio-economic status or the population studied.

scholarly journals The Path where our Lifestyle is Taking us: Shift in Onset of Non-Communicable Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Bhatt, Y. ◽  
Kulshrestha, K.
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Age Related

Globally, the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is rising. To assess the trends in the age of occurrence of non-communicable, age-related diseases this study was performed in the three districts of Uttarakhand, in both rural and the urban settings. The study comprised of both male and female subjects between the age group of 15 years to 55 onwards. The respondents were categorized into three age groups range as- 15-35 years, 36-55 years, and above 56 years. Starting from the age of 5 years, each age group is also categorized decade-wise e.g. age group of 56 years and above was divided into six decades starting from the age of five years.  The present study showed that the occurrence of age-related diseases, among the age group 56 years and above, was seen during their 40s while in the other two age groups, occurrence was recorded in the 30s itself. Comparing the third decade, i.e., the 30s of all the three age groups, none of the subjects was suffering from age-related disease among 56 years and above while among 36-55 years of age, 0.57 percent and among 15-35 years of age, 1.35 percent of subjects suffered from hypertension. The occurrence of these diseases was more in the urban areas as compared to rural areas. These results throw an insight onto the necessity for government bodies to focus on key factors leading to this trend, improving health care quality, and emphasis on a healthy lifestyle.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of multiple non-communicable diseases risk factors among adults in Sudan: Results of the first national STEPS survey in 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Steps Survey

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of multiple NCD risk factors among adults in Sudan. Methods Cross-sectional nationally representative data were analysed from 7,722 18–69 year-old individuals (median age = 36 years) that took part in the “2016 Sudan STEPS survey.” Results The prevalence of individual NCD risk factors was 94.6% inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, followed by hypertension (31.6%), general overweight/obesity (28.0%), low physical activity (21.3%), current tobacco use (15.7%), raised total cholesterol (13.6%), diabetes (5.9%), and heavy episodic drinking (1.7%). In all, 34.2% had 0–1 NCD risk factor, 33.5% 2 risk factors, and 32.4% 3 or more NCD risk factors. In adjusted ordinal logistic regression analysis, compared to individuals 18–34 years old, persons 50–69 years old were 3.52 times (AOR: 3.52, 95% CI: 2.88–4.31) more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Men were 21% (AOR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00-1.46) more likely than women to have multiple NCD risk factors. Individuals residing in urban areas were 86% (AOR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.49–2.32) more likely than individuals residing in rural areas to have multiple NCD risk factors, and compared to persons never married, married participants and persons separated, divorced or widowed persons were 51% (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.22–1.87) and 74% (AOR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.22–2.47), respectively, more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Compared to persons with less than 500 pounds household income, persons with over 2000 pounds household income were 75% (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.28–2.38) more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Compared to women who cannot read or write, women who had more than primary education were 38% (AOR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.06–1.80) more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Compared to men who were self-employed, engaged in non-paid work, were students or unemployed (able to work), government employees, non-government employees, retired or unemployed (unable to work) had a significantly higher odds of having multiple NCD risk factors. Conclusion Almost one in three participants had three or more NCD risk factors and several associated variables were identified that can facilitate in designing intervention programmes.

scholarly journals Risk Factor Analysis of Hypertension Occurrence Based on Urban-Rural Location in Indonesia (IFLS Data Study 5)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-502
Author(s):  
Bara Bangun Ningharto ◽  
Ayik Mirayanti Mandagi ◽  
Rochmad Ardiansyah Pratama ◽  
Iswana Zahraa Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines hypertension as a "silent killer" disease because the most of hypertension has not signs or symptoms. Nationally, Indonesia in 2016, the prevalence of hypertension is also higher in urban areas by 31.7% than in rural areas by 30.2%, the prevalence of hypertension is increasing with the increasing of ages. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of hypertension and to determine the most influential factor at risk in the incidence of hypertension based on differences in the location of urban-rural respondents. The research design used in this study was observational analytics based on secondary data from the Indonesia Life Survey 5. The population study is the Indonesian community while the total sample as a whole amounted to 14,824. Conclusion: factors that influence the incidence of hypertension in urban and rural areas are BMI, age, education, marital status and smoking status.

Suicidal Plans and Attempts Among Adolescents in Mongolia

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarantsetseg Davaasambuu ◽  
Suvd Batbaatar ◽  
Susan Witte ◽  
Phillip Hamid ◽  
Maria A. Oquendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Suicidal Plans

Abstract. Background: Although 75% of suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries, few studies have examined suicidal behaviors among young people in these countries. Aims: This study aimed to examine what individual characteristics were associated with suicidal plans and attempts among Mongolian youth and whether suicidal risks and behaviors varied by urban and rural locations. Method: Logistic regression analyses were utilized to investigate suicidal plans and attempts among 5,393 adolescents using the Global Student Health Survey – 2013. Results: Adolescents who lived in urban areas were at higher risk for suicidal plans and behaviors than those who lived in rural areas; however, the patterns of suicidal risks were similar. Specifically, individual characteristics, such as being female, feeling lonely and worried, smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, and having fights at school, were associated with suicidal plans and behaviors regardless of the residential places. Limitations: A number of important variables have not been included in the questionnaire such as depression, family and parental support, household income, family constructs etc. Conclusion: Given the comparable patterns of risk between urban and rural adolescents and the relatively high rates of suicidal plans and attempts, similar mental health services and interventions are necessitated for both urban and rural areas.

Abstract P362: Surveillance Of Non-Communicable Diseases By Non-Physician Health Workers In Kerala: the Epidemiology of Non-communicable Diseases in Rural Areas (ENDIRA) study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitava Banerjee ◽  
Jacob Joseph ◽  
Ajit Thachil ◽  
Thankachan V Attacheril ◽  
Jaideep Menon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
State Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Physician Health

Introduction: India carries the greatest burden of global non-communicable diseases(NCDs). There are few contemporary, community-based studies of prevalence, particularly in rural settings despite known regional variations. Given the shortage of physicians in rural India, there is an urgent need for large-scale, region-specific studies of NCDs using non-physician health workers. Methods: In central Kerala, India, a population of 113,462 was defined by five panchyats(village councils), consisting of 75 wards in Ernakulam district. The "Epidemiology of Non-communicable Diseases in Rural Areas" (ENDIRA) study was conducted via ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activists), who are non-physician health workers employed by State Government of Kerala to each cover one ward. Standardised questionnaires were used in household interviews of individuals ≥18 years during 2012 to gather sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical data. Results: ASHAs recruited 84456 adults who were included in the analyses (25.4% below the poverty line). NCDs were relatively common: prevalence of myocardial infarction(MI) 1.4%, stroke 0.3%, respiratory diseases 5.0%, and cancer 1.1%. 84.1% of the population was vegetarian, 15.9% ate meat/fish ≥ 1 day per week, 4.2% had ≥1 alcoholic drink per week and 8.1% smoked regularly. Compared with males, females were older, had lower BMI (p<0.0001), more likely to be hypertensive (p<0.0001), less likely to smoke or drink alcohol, have diabetes or dyslipidaemia (p<0.0001). NCDs were more common in males than females: MI (1.9% vs 0.9%), stroke (0.5% vs 0.3%), cancer (1.2% vs 0.9%) and respiratory diseases (5.9% vs 4.0%); p<0.0001. Age≥65 years, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking and male gender were strongly associated with MI and stroke (Table 1). Conclusions: Non-physician health workers (ASHAs) were able to effectively conduct a large-scale prevalence study of NCDs in Kerala, including risk factors. In rural Kerala, traditional risk factors were strongly associated with MI and stroke.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document