scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TELEVISION COMMERCIALS IN URBAN AREA IN EGYPT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-199
Author(s):  
Mohamed M Ali Abdallah Ali ◽  
Amiruddin Ahamat ◽  
Adnan Jawabri
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Television Advertising ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Television Commercials ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Desktop Computers ◽  
Grade 8

Purpose: This research examined the effects of television-advertising viewing on the perceived wealth in society and the materialistic value orientations among adolescents in urban Egypt. Methodology: A survey on two hundred (200) adolescents aged eleven (11) to seventeen (17) was conducted in 2013. The urban sub-sample consisted of one hundred (100) respondents studying in Grade 7 and Grade 8 from a secondary school in Cairo city. The rural sub-sample consisted of one hundred (100) respondents studying in Grade 7 and Grade 8 from two (2) rural secondary schools in Alexandria. Main Findings: In the survey among urban (Cairo) adolescent respondents, it was found that there were higher estimates among adolescents whose family-owned five (5) modern-day products namely desktop computers, cameras, air conditioners and motorcars. This finding is not surprising as urban dwellers have a higher income than rural folks which translated into the higher purchasing power of buying modern-day products. Urban adolescents’ families owned more than rural adolescents’ families in terms of modern-day products namely desktop computers, cameras, air-conditioners and motorcars except for handphones as there was almost no difference in terms of owning handphones for urban or rural adolescents’ families. Implications: In addition, marketers are advised to consider placing advertisements on national television in their quest to reach out and promote their products and services to adolescents living in urban areas, as frequent watching of advertisements on television by adolescents in urban areas has a positive correlation with greater materialistic value. Novelty: The importance of this study is that it has managed to present empirical evidence that television advertising has an influence on materialism and perceived level of wealth among adolescents in urban areas of Egypt.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Attitude of Adolescents Studying in Junior Colleges of Rural and Urban Areas of Vijayapura towards Social Aspects of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 1280-1285
Author(s):  
Sadashiva Basavantappa Ukkali ◽  
Nagamani Kulkarni ◽  
Thobbi A.N. ◽  
Ayesha Siddiqua ◽  
Shruthi Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban

BACKGROUND Adolescent period is that part of exciting period of life which marks the transition from being a dependent kid to an independent and responsible adult. It is recognised as a fascinating period that poses specific challenges and has a great impact on the physical, social and emotional behaviour in the family and society. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional survey of a total of 1000 adolescents, 16 - 18 years of age – 250 each from 4 PU colleges (2 urban + 2 rural) were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. Based on responses, their attitude towards social aspects of life were assessed, analysed and compared. RESULTS There were significant differences in attitude of adolescents residing in urban areas on various social aspects of life as compared to the adolescents residing in rural areas. Significant differences were observed in personality development traits like selfesteem and self-concept, shrewdness, tender mindedness, internal restraint and individual capacities. Risk taking behaviour was more common in urban adolescents and academic underachievement was more common in rural adolescents. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to home / college environment, safety at home / college, relationships with parents, siblings and friends, depression and social ideation. CONCLUSIONS We observed that rural and urban adolescents differed significantly in their attitude towards development of personality traits. Rural adolescents were academically underachievers because of poor facilities, less opportunities and lack of motivation. Urban adolescents exhibited high risk-taking behaviour compared to rural adolescents because of high peer-pressure, curiosity and more exposure to mass media. KEY WORDS Adolescent, Attitude, Rural, Urban, Social

STUDY OF PUNCTUALITY AMONG SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR HOME ENVIRONMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kataria
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
School Students ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The main objective of the present study was to find out the relationship between Punctuality and Home Environment among school going adolescents. To achieve this objective, Punctuality and home environment Scale developed by the investigator were used. The sample consisted of 100 Government Secondary School students of 9th Class were selected randomly from Sri Muktsar Sahib District of Punjab, India. The sample was equally categorized between Boys- Girls and Rural- Urban students. The results revealed that there exists significant relationship between Punctuality and Home Environment among school going adolescents. It is also found out that urban adolescents are more punctual as compare to rural adolescents. No significant difference was found among rural and urban adolescents as well as boys and girls on the variable of Home environment.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Risk Profiles for Non-Communicable Diseases in Urban and Suburb Adolescents in Padang City (Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 1233-1237
Author(s):  
Meri Neherta ◽  
Yonrizal Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Adolescence is when we still like to experiment and often develop bad habits which may lead to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the future. This study aimed to understand the lifestyle at risk of non-communicable diseases in adolescents that live in the urban and rural areas of Padang city. This research method is comparative descriptive with a descriptive-analytical approach, with a total sample of 788 people. The study was conducted from March 2019 to November 2019. Results: A total of 57.77% of respondents in urban areas and 69.54% of respondents in rural areas like to eat junk food. 45.35% urban respondents and 60.21% rural respondents like to consume high-sweetened beverages. 73.4% of urban respondents and 7.6% of rural respondents like to smoke. 80.6% of urban respondents and 87.8% of rural respondents lack physical activity. 59.9% of urban respondents and 49.05% of rural respondents do not like to exercise. 67% of urban respondents and 80.2% of rural respondents sleep late at night. Conclusion: The risk behavior of non-communicable diseases in rural adolescents is higher than in urban adolescents. It is recommended that parents, teachers, and health workers work together to carry out intervention activities for healthy lifestyles for all adolescents.

scholarly journals School Bag-Related Factors and Their Implications for Walking and Cycling to School among New Zealand Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13125
Author(s):  
Sandra Mandic ◽  
Kaisa Kentala ◽  
Margaretha Liliana Situmorang ◽  
Mohammad Lutfur Rahman ◽  
Kimberley King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Pain Symptoms

Excessive school bag weight may be a modifiable barrier to active transport to school. This study examined correlates of school bag weight and adolescents’ perceptions of excessive school bag weight for walking and cycling to school among New Zealand adolescents living in diverse settlement types. Adolescents (n = 1512; 15.0 ± 1.3 years) completed a questionnaire and had their bag weight (n = 1190) and body weight (n = 1038) measured. Adolescents using active transport and rural adolescents had lighter school bags compared to their counterparts. One-third of adolescents reported excessive school bag weight for walking (31.2%) and cycling (37.2%) to school. Positive correlates of relative school bag weight were female gender (regression coefficient (95% CI): 0.53 (0.13, 0.93)), and underweight (2.21 (1.39, 3.02)), whereas negative correlates were Māori ethnicity (−0.87 (−1.41, −0.32)), overweight (−1.84 (−2.35, −1.34)) and obesity (−3.57 (−4.26, −2.87)), and school location in small urban areas (−2.10 (−4.19, −0.01)), and rural settlements (−3.58 (−5.66, −1.49)). Older adolescents, females, those with greater relative school bag weight, and those experiencing school bag-related pain symptoms and/or fatigue were more likely to report excessive school bag weight for both walking and cycling to school. Future initiatives should target reducing excessive school bag weight, particularly in female and urban adolescents.

Virtue, Shame, and Choice: Perspectives of Sex Work Among Adolescents in Variously Globalized Thai Communities

2021 ◽  
pp. 002202212110323
Author(s):  
Jessica McKenzie ◽  
José J. Reyes ◽  
Kajai C. Xiong ◽  
Alysia Corona ◽  
Chelsee Armsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
Sexual Conservatism ◽  
Global Values

Although taboo given the traditional Thai value of female sexual conservatism, sex work is a practice for which Thailand has gained international attention. As in other rapidly globalizing contexts, however, Thai youth are increasingly exposed to global values of gender equality, self-fulfillment, and personal choice. This may, in turn, alter youth perspectives of this taboo yet pervasive practice. To understand how Thai youth negotiate local and global values when considering sex work, this study examined the moral evaluations and moral reasoning of adolescents residing in variously globalized communities. Forty participants (20 adolescents in each a more and a less globalized Thai setting) participated in interviews in which they discussed their perspectives of sex work. Quantitative analysis of moral evaluations revealed that rural and urban adolescents alike deemed sex work as mostly morally wrong. Qualitative analysis of moral reasoning revealed that both participant groups prioritized Thai values of sexual purity for women, shame avoidance, and reputation maintenance. Yet distinct values were also endorsed across participant groups. Rural adolescents centered local values (e.g., relational choice, women’s dignity, Buddhist divinity) and urban adolescents drew heavily from global values (e.g., autonomous choice, romantic love, international reputation) when reasoning about the morality and immorality of sex work. Findings point to the manner in which contextual realities shape—and reshape—cultural values in this rapidly globalizing nation.

scholarly journals HIV and AIDS knowledge and sexual behaviours amongst secondary school learners in Harare, Zimbabwe

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Mlingo ◽  
Valerie J. Ehlers ◽  
Janetta Roos
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Grade 8

Efforts to stem the tide of the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic in Africa emphasise the necessity that learners should be able to make informed decisions. Although learners in Zimbabwe’s schools are taught about HIV and AIDS, the extent of their knowledge needed to be determined. The major objective was to assess the knowledge of secondary school learners in Harare, Zimbabwe, about HIV and AIDS. Structured interviews were conducted with 75 Grade 8 (Form 1) secondary school learners from four schools in Harare.Most learners had obtained their HIV and AIDS knowledge from schools, but some did so from their parents, community activities, the radio or television. No learner had commenced with sexual activities and all had heard about HIV, but not all knew what HIV was, and even fewer could define AIDS. Less than one-third of the learners could mention the three most important HIV preventive measures. Most learners were willing to undergo voluntary counselling and testing (VCT), but few had done so. As no learner had commenced sexual activities, opportunities existed to empower Grade 8 (Form 1) learners with adequate HIV and AIDS knowledge. Generally the learners’ HIV and AIDS knowledge levels were high but some misconceptions existed. Schools should engage with radio and television programmes to address misconceptions about HIV and AIDS. Learners should be enabled to access VCT services. More effective HIV prevention education in Zimbabwe’s schools, could enable more youth to remain HIV negative.OpsommingPogings om die Menslike Immuniteitsgebrekvirus (MIV) en Verworwe immuniteits-gebreksindroom (VIGS) pandemiese golf in Afrika te stuit, beklemtoon die noodsaaklikheid dat leerders ingeligte besluite moet kan neem. Alhoewel leerders in Zimbabwe se skole onderrig word oor MIV en VIGS, behoort die omvang van die kennis vasgestel te word. Die hoofdoelwit was om sekondêre skool leerders van Harare, Zimbabwe, se MIV en VIGS kennis te bepaal. Gestruktureerde onderhoude is gevoer met 75 Graad 8 (Vorm 1) sekondêre skool leerders van vier skole in Harare.Die meeste leerders het hulle MIV and VIGS kennis by skole opgedoen terwyl ‘n paar dit van hulle ouers, gemeenskapsaktiwiteite, die radio en televisie gekry het. Geen leerders het met seksuele aktiwiteite begin nie, almal het van MIV gehoor, maar nie almal het geweet wat MIV is nie, en nog minder kon VIGS definieer. Minder as een-derde kon die drie belangrikste MIV voorkomende maatreëls noem. Die meeste leerders was gewillig om vrywillige berading en toetsing (VBT) te ondergaan, maar min het dit reeds gedoen.Aangesien geen leerder seksueel aktief was nie, bestaan geleenthede om Graad 8 (Vorm 1)leerders te bemagtig om ingeligte besluite te neem. Oor die algemeen was die leerders se MIV en VIGS kennisvlakke hoog, maar wanopvattings het bestaan Skole behoort saam te werk met radio en televisie programme ten einde wanopvattings aan te spreek. Leerders moet in staat gestel word om VBT dienste te benut. Doeltreffender MIV en VIGS voorligting in Zimbabwe se skole, kan meer jong mense in staat stel of HIV negatief te bly.

scholarly journals IMPROVISATION AS A MEANS OF ENHANCING THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 506-511
Author(s):  
Eunice a ◽  
◽  
N. Anumudu ◽  
Adedapo I. Yemi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
School Students ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Enugu State

Mathematics is an essential part of the education system in Nigeria. However, it is perceived among learners as a tedious and challenging subject. The primary objective of the current study was to enhance the teaching and learning of mathematics using improvisation. The study also examined the role of students location on mathematics learning when the learning material is improvised. The population of the study included secondary school students in both rural and urban areas of Enugu State. A total of 68 secondary school students constituted the study samples. A quasi-experimental design was used. Two hypotheses were tested, and it was concluded that improvisation of learning material enhances students performance in mathematics. Also, the study found that students location does not affect performance in mathematics when instructional material is improvised. The findings and recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals The Directional Influence Of Music Backgrounds In Television Advertising

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl S. Bozman ◽  
Darrel Mueling ◽  
Kathy L. Pettit-O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Television Advertising ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Attitude Formation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brand Attitudes ◽  
Television Commercials ◽  
High Involvement ◽  
Alternative Music ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

<span>Advertisers frequently incorporate music backgrounds in television commercials as a means of improving ad effectiveness. This paper examines the relationship of alternative music backgrounds on brand attitude formation. Brand attitudes were more favorable when emotive cues deviated from neutral presentations in circumstances of high involvement and when emotive cues were positive in situations of low involvement. Implications for advertising practice as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.</span>

Dating Violence Among Rural Adolescents: Perpetration and Victimization by Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097161
Author(s):  
Sarah Taylor ◽  
Yan Xia
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Rural Context

Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a serious concern with various negative impacts on adolescent development. Research on ADV has predominantly been conducted in urban areas and has generally focused on physical and sexual forms of violence. The purpose of this study was to assess prevalence rates of various forms of ADV by gender in the rural context. A convenience sample of rural adolescents responded to an online survey. In total, 131 responses were used for this study. Participants reported perpetration and victimization experiences of physical abuse, sexual abuse, threatening behavior, relational aggression, verbal abuse, and cyber dating abuse. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used to determine gender differences in proportion and frequency of ADV. Results reveal that various forms of ADV are occurring in the rural context, with many of both males and females reporting perpetration and victimization. Overall, verbal and cyber ADV are the most common. Gender analysis reveals that males were significantly more likely to be victimized by physical abuse victimization, whereas females were significantly more likely to be victimized by sexual abuse. Though the proportion of adolescents reporting ADV were high in this study, most participants reported lower frequencies of ADV. Results support the urgent need in rural areas for education and prevention that target physical, sexual, and psychological components of healthy relationships. Rural dating violence prevention efforts must emphasize the importance of mutual respect across gender, rather than solely presenting this lesson to males in a traditional gendered manner. Results also suggest the need for rural areas to adopt comprehensive sex education that details sexual relationships that are consensual and healthy.

scholarly journals Associations of outdoor activity and screen time with adiposity: findings from rural Chinese adolescents with relatively low adiposity risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjie Zhang ◽  
Xiaofan Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hua Zhong ◽  
Chen-Wei Pan
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Whether and to what extent outdoor activity and screen time are relevant to adiposity among rural adolescents remain largely unknown as most of relevant evidence was generated from high-income countries and urban areas. This study aimed to investigate associations of outdoor activity and screen time with adiposity among early adolescents living in rural southwest China. Methods In this cross-sectional study, seventh graders (n = 2264) were recruited from 10 middle schools of a rural county. Overweight and obesity was assessed using adolescents’ body mass index and waist circumference. Adolescents’ outdoor activity and screen time were measured using self-reported daily time spending on outdoor activity, watching TV, playing video games, and computers on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity and high waist circumferences were 8.0 and 4.9% and were higher among those from one-child families and with parents having high school or higher education and whose fathers were not farmers. Adolescents who did not have ≥1 h outdoor activity on weekdays were more likely to be overweight/obese (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.66) and have high waist circumferences (OR: 2.22, 95%CI: 1.39, 3.57). Adolescents who had > 2 h screen time on weekends were more likely to have high waist circumferences (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.80). Lack of outdoor activity and excessive screen time also showed synergistic effects on overweight/obesity (OR: 1.93. 95% CI: 1.15, 3.24) and high waist circumferences (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.54, 5.94). Conclusions Lack of outdoor activity and excessive screen time were relevant to adiposity among rural Chinese adolescents even when the obesity prevalence was low. Efforts to promote active lifestyles may help prevent rural adolescents from losing their advantage in the era of the global obesity epidemic.

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