scholarly journals Have You Heard That—“GOSSIP”? Gossip Spreads Rapidly and Influences Broadly

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13389
Author(s):  
Rezwan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Zada ◽  
Imran Saeed ◽  
Jawad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of negative workplace gossip (NWG) on employee political acts (PA) and the role of ego depletion (ED) as a mediator. We also examined the indirect impact of NWG on PA through ED controlled by emotional intelligence (EI). A three-wave time-lagged study (paper-pencil based) was performed with 277 employees from various private organisations in Islamabad, Pakistan. The current data were gathered in three phases to reduce common method bias. Study results indicate that NWG positively affects employees’ PA. The authors also found ED as a potential mediator in the association between NWG and PA. In addition, the results also indicate the indirect effect of NWG on targets’ PA via ED is reduced by targets’ EI, with the result that this connection is weak when targets’ EI is high. Because this research is limited to a single region of Pakistan, particularly Islamabad, its findings cannot be comprehensive. Future studies should use a larger sample size to accomplish the same study. Future studies may include more organisations (that is, Public) to conduct a comparative analysis of the public and private sectors. This article, based on the affective events theory (AET), argues that EI should be utilised to mitigate the effects of NWG. Along with our significant and relevant theoretical contributions, we provide novel insights into the body of knowledge on how managers may prevent or minimise such PA. The current study results support all direct and indirect hypothesised connections, with important implications for theory and practice. A review of the existing literature indicates that EI may be associated with a reduction in employees’ ED; however, EI has not been used as a moderator in mitigating the influence of NWG, ED, and PA in the past.

scholarly journals Body Composition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Before and After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Longitudinal Prospective Study in a Rural Village Struck by the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110477
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Del Brutto ◽  
Robertino M. Mera ◽  
Denisse A. Rumbea ◽  
Pedro Pérez ◽  
Bettsy Y. Recalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Information on the body composition of inhabitants of remote communities during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is limited. Using a longitudinal population-based study design, we assessed the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in body composition. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults living in a rural Ecuadorian village received body composition determinations before and 1 year after the pandemic as well as serological tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The independent association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and abnormalities in body composition at follow-up was assessed by fitting linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Results: Of 327 enrolled individuals, 277 (85%) received baseline and follow-up body composition determinations, and 175 (63%) of them became SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Overall, diet and physical activity deteriorated during the follow-up. Multivariate random-effects generalized least squares regression models that included the impact of time and seropositivity on follow-up body composition, showed that neither variable contributed to a worsening in body composition. Multivariate logistic regression models disclosed that the serological status at follow-up cannot be predicted by differences in body composition and other baseline covariates. Conclusions: Study results suggest no increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among older adults with abnormal body composition and no significant changes as a result of worse physical activity and dietary habits or seropositivity during the length of the study. Together with a previous study in the same population that showed decrease in hand-grip strength after SARS-CoV-2, results confirm that dynapenia (and not sarcopenia) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults.

Behavior Selection Using Utility-Based Reinforcement Learning in Irregular Warfare Simulation Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotiris Papadopoulos ◽  
Francisco Baez ◽  
Jonathan Alt ◽  
Christian Darken
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Irregular Warfare ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) provides a conceptual model for use in assessing behavioral intentions of humans. Agent based social simulations seek to represent the behavior of individuals in societies in order to understand the impact of a variety of interventions on the population in a given area. Previous work has described the implementation of the TPB in agent based social simulation using Bayesian networks. This paper describes the implementation of the TPB using novel learning techniques related to reinforcement learning. This paper provides case study results from an agent based simulation for behavior related to commodity consumption. Initial results demonstrate behavior more closely related to observable human behavior. This work contributes to the body of knowledge on adaptive learning behavior in agent based simulations.

scholarly journals Workforce Skill Development Policy Guideline for Industrial Revolution in Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Pongpith Tuenpusa
Keyword(s):  
Workforce Development ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Thai People ◽  
The Impact

An article presents policies for Thailand's workforce development under the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution. It will be helpful for executives to design policies to improve the country's workforce. Within context, the changes from the impact of the Industrial Revolution were due to the influence of Disruptive Technology. The paper explores directions, trends, impacts, and policies for managing labor issues in the Disruptive Technologies era. Studying the opinions of 26 CEOs and executives of businesses in Thailand(2019-2020) used or affected by the Industrial Revolution, obstacles, feedback, focusing on issues, concepts about Disruptive Technologies, and vocational education concepts. They are using qualitative research methodology and procedures to support policy. The study results are the impact of Industrial Revolution on Thai workers and technological TVET Institution to develop Thai people during Industrial Revolution, educational management to develop Thai people in the Thailand 4.0 Therefore focuses on increasing labor skills and educating to create new skill / Upskill /Reskill for workers under reality. The policy document also outlines recommendations from the public and private executives. The CEOs have advised on the issue of developing the skills and performance of the workforce in the future. The changes in the skills of older workers and summary provide policy recommendations to educational institutions and governments.

The Impact Of Static Core Values On O.D. Theory And Practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Newton Margulies ◽  
Amy Krull
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
Core Values ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Critical Literature ◽  
Static Core

The purpose of this paper is to make an assessment of the field as it currently stands in order to raise the level of awareness of those directly involved with OD (organizational development). To achieve this, our analysis will demonstrate that an important aspect of OD seems to be excluded from the body of critical literature, i.e., the impact of static core values on ODs ability to change.

The role of exercise self-efficacy, perceived exertion, event-related stress, and demographic factors in predicting physical activity among college freshmen

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Brannagan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
College Freshmen ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: The focus of this study was to examine the relationship among precursors to physical activity, including exercise self-efficacy, perceived exertion, stress, and demographic factors, among college students. Design: This study employed an associational design. Setting: The study population was college freshmen in southeast Louisiana who were between the ages of 18 and 24 years. Method: A path analysis was used to examine the strength and directional relationship among variables depicted in Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) and to determine the structure of the relationships among the variables in the conceptual map. Path coefficients were used to determine whether the independent variables (exercise self-efficacy, stress, perceived exertion, demographic factors) as depicted in the path diagram made a unique contribution to predicting physical activity (dependent variable) or if the relationships between stress, perceived exertion, and physical activity, are mediated by exercise self-efficacy. Results: Study results portrayed a relationship between perceived exertion and exercise self-efficacy and a relationship between a person’s belief in their ability to stick to an exercise programme (self-efficacy) and their level of activity. Compared to their counterparts, this study’s population had lower levels of usual physical activity, but heightened levels of physical activity immediately following hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Conclusion: This study adds to the body of knowledge related to predictors of physical activity and the applicability of Pender’s HPM to such studies. The study also provides insight into the impact of a natural disaster on physical activity.

Toxicological effects of carbosulfan in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1335-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Didigwu Nwani ◽  
Narottam Das Agrawal ◽  
Suchita Raghuvanshi ◽  
Amita Jaswal ◽  
Sadhana Shrivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Impact

Carbosulfan is often used in agriculture for pest control on crops and for treatment against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. This study investigated the impact of carbosulfan on oxidative stress markers, antioxidant defense, hematological, biochemical, and enzymological parameters in Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were orally administered carbosulfan doses of 1.02 to 10.20 mg/kg body weight daily; after 96 h, blood samples were taken, and the liver, kidney, and brain were dissected out for study. Results indicate that carbosulfan significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and suppressed the activity of reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and adenosine triphosphatase. A mixed trend was observed in the activity of superoxide dismutase, while an increase was observed in the levels of serum uric acid, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Hemoglobin and albumin levels decreased but no significant differences were observed in creatinine and bilirubin levels. Future studies should include a more detailed analysis of the effects of chronic carbosulfan exposure on these biomarkers to further assess the impact of the pesticide on mammalian models.

scholarly journals Case study of the impact of professional high school internships on college and career readiness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephanie L. Moczygemba-Amaya
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
The Body ◽  
Career Readiness ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
College And Career Readiness ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Skill Retention ◽  
College And Career ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the impact that professional high school internships have on college and career readiness. Educational systems, both public and private, continue to search for ways to improve postsecondary achievement. Research on this topic is limited; thus, this study aims to strengthen the body of literature and provide educational systems with insight and understanding of how high school internships impact postsecondary readiness. This study is significant, acting as a catalyst to encourage further research in educational systems where high school internships are used to cultivate professional skill building as a tool for successful skill retention in postsecondary experiences.

scholarly journals Sharing research results with Latina breast cancer survivors who participated in a community-engaged behavioral RCT study: a descriptive cross-sectional survey study

Trials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Bonilla ◽  
Alia Alhomsi ◽  
Jasmine Santoyo-Olsson ◽  
Anita L. Stewart ◽  
Carmen Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background An often heard and justifiable concern of ethnic minorities is related to researchers’ lack of attention to sharing the results of a study with participants after the study has concluded. Few studies have examined the effects of returning overall study results on participants’ attitudes, especially among populations underrepresented in research. Among Latina research participants, providing a summary of study results could enhance participation in research. We assess Latina breast cancer survivors’ reactions to receiving study results and their attitudes about participating in future studies. Methods For this cross-sectional survey study, all women who had participated in two behavioral randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were mailed a letter summarizing the study results (using written and graphic formats) and a questionnaire assessing problems and understanding the results, importance of sharing results, willingness to participate in future studies, and format preferences for receiving the results. A postage-paid envelope for returning the completed questionnaire was included. Logistic regression examined the associations of age, education, and rural/urban residence on format preferences and willingness to participate. The survey sample consisted of 304 low-income, predominantly Spanish-speaking Latina breast cancer survivors (151 from urban and 153 from rural communities) who had participated in two RCTs testing a stress management program designed for Latina breast cancer survivors. Results Ninety-two women returned the questionnaires (30.3%). Most of the women (91.1%) indicated that they had no trouble understanding the results of the study, and 97% agreed that it is very/extremely important for researchers to share the study result with the participants. The majority (60.2%) reported that receiving the results increased their willingness to participate in future studies. About half (51.7%) did not have a format preference, 37.4% preferred written summaries, and 10.9% preferred graphs. Conclusions This study is an important first step to understanding the impact of returning study results among a population that is underrepresented in research. Returning the results of studies and understanding the impact of doing so is consistent with maintaining community involvement in all phases of research. The findings suggest that sharing aggregate research results in simple language yields few problems in participants’ understanding of the results and is viewed as important by participants. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT02931552 Date registered: October 13, 2016 and NCT01383174 Date registered: June 28, 2011.

scholarly journals The impact of corporate governance on firm competitiveness and performance of small and medium enterprises in South Africa: A case of small and medium enterprises in Vanderbijlpark

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Progress Hove-Sibanda ◽  
Kin Sibanda ◽  
David Pooe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

Orientation: Corporate governance adoption and compliance are an issue augmenting in importance recently and have been extended to business enterprises of any size including small and medium enterprises (SMEs).Research purpose: This study seeks to examine the impact of corporate governance adoption on the firm competitiveness and performance of SMEs in Vanderbijlpark.Research design, approach and method: The study employs a cross-sectional research design, which employed quantitative methods. One hundred fifty-two SME owners or managers were selected from Vanderbijlpark in Gauteng, South Africa. The collected data were analysed using a structural equation modelling system by using Smart PLS software.Main findings: The principal findings of this study revealed that the implementation of corporate governance by SMEs significantly and positively affected their competitiveness and performance.Practical and managerial implications: The paper provided practical implications and made some recommendations.Contribution or value-added: This article bridges the gap between theory and practice because it has both an economic and commercial impact in practice. It can be used in influencing public policy, teaching and research (because it contributes to the body of knowledge, particularly regarding SME corporate governance in emerging markets). An important aspect of this article is that it gives a framework for additional similar studies in other locations within emerging markets to test the generalisability of the findings. For teaching purposes, it provides a template for how to assess the link that exists between corporate governance and SME performance. Lastly, the article gives a unique empirical analysis of the relationship that exists between corporate governance compliance and performance of firms in South Africa, and thereby giving a valid contribution to corporate governance literature.

Measuring success in water pollution control

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Paul R. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Water Pollution Control ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Impact

Ambient water quality is much used to show progress in water pollution control. The state of the environment is not easy to measure reliably and may be subject to very many factors other than the impact of polluting discharges and those who seek to control them. Even measured trends in water quality do not prove that the pollution control activity is being managed to the best standards of efficiency and effectiveness. So managers may have great difficulty in measuring their success or in correctly attributing change in the environment to their action. On the other hand, owners of pollution control systems, both public and private, make little allowance for scientific scruples in their demands for objective measures of effectiveness. The paper examines the theory behind these contradictions and uses the recent development of performance indicators for environmental management in Hong Kong to consider how theory and practice differ. It concludes that effectiveness is relative, but pollution control managers can help themselves if they integrate into their organizations a constant alertness to fundamental goals.

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