scholarly journals Exploring Equity in Healthcare Services: Spatial Accessibility Changes during Subway Expansion

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Maohua Liu ◽  
Siqi Luo ◽  
Xishihui Du
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Healthcare Accessibility

The unequal allocation of healthcare resources raises many fundamental problems, one of which is how to address inequity in population health. This paper focuses on disparities in public transport healthcare accessibility, with a special focus on an expanding subway system. Based on a vulnerability index, including factors that are likely to limit healthcare opportunities, a two-step floating catchment area method was used to assess the distribution of supply and demand for healthcare. Quantity, quality, and walking distance accessibility were aggregated into hexagonal grids. The Theil index was used to measure inequity and understand the influence of subways on spatial disparities in healthcare accessibility. The ongoing construction of the subway has heterogeneous impacts on healthcare accessibility for different parts of the city and exacerbates spatial inequity in many areas. In an environment where people in peri-urban areas are excluded from healthcare access because of low subway coverage, the results suggest that the potential for subways to address inaccessibility is limited. The findings highlight the requirement of efficient public transport services and are relevant to researchers, planners, and policymakers aiming to improve accessibility to healthcare, especially for populations who dwell in winter cities.

scholarly journals Multi-Mode Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) Method to Measure the Potential Spatial Accessibility of Healthcare Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Ni ◽  
Ming Liang ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Yanlan Wu ◽  
Chen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Multi Mode

While great progress in the development of a methodological approach to measure the accessibility of healthcare services has been made, the exclusion of the complex multi-mode travel behavior of urban residents and a rough calculation of travel costs from the origin to the destination limit its potential for making a detailed assessment, especially in urban areas. In this paper, we aim to describe and implement an enhanced method that enables the integration of multiple transportation modes into a two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method to estimate accessibility. We used a travel-mode choice survey, based on distance sections, to determine the complex multi-mode travel behavior of urban residents. Taking Nanjing as a study area, we proposed complete door-to-door approaches to determine every aspect of basic transportation modes. Additionally, we processed open data to implement an accurate computing of the origin-destination (OD) time cost. We applied the enhanced method to estimate the accessibility of residents to hospitals and compared it with three single-mode 2SFCA methods. The results showed that the proposed method effectively identified more accessibility details and provided more realistic accessibility values.

scholarly journals Assessing Spatial Accessibility to Hierarchical Urban Parks by Multi-Types of Travel Distance in Shenzhen, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Langjiao Li ◽  
Qingyun Du ◽  
Fu Ren ◽  
Xiangyuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Hierarchical Levels

Urban green spaces play a critical role in public health and human wellbeing for urban residents. Due to the uneven spatial distribution of urban green spaces in most of cities, the issue of the disparity between supply and demand has aroused public concern. In a case of Shenzhen, a modified Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method is adopted to evaluate the disparity between park provision and the demanders in terms of accessibility at hierarchical levels under four types of distance (e.g., Euclidean distance, walking distance, bicycling distance, and driving distance), which is well aligned with hierarchical systems in urban green spaces in urban planning practice. By contrast and correlation analysis, among the four types of distance, the statistical correlations are relatively high between Euclidean distance and the other three. Nonetheless, the pattern of spatial accessibility under different type of travel distance is apparently variant. Accessibility calculated by Euclidean distance is overestimated relative to that of the other three, while the pattern of walking distance and bicycling distance is similar to each other. The choice of type of distance is worthy of caution when evaluating spatial accessibility by 2SFCA method. Results show that the accessibility to parks at all hierarchical levels is high particularly, particularly at the natural level. However, the disparity between the supply and demand is significant. The percentage of communities that have high population density but low park accessibility is over 40% (equivalent to approximately 55% of the population). The finding may provide implications on access to urban greens paces for urban planners and authorities to develop effective planning strategies.

scholarly journals The Importance of Public Transport for Mobility and Everyday Activities among Rural Residents

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Berg ◽  
Jonas Ihlström
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Rural Dwellers

A lack of transport opportunities has been shown to be a barrier for accessibility and social inclusion in contemporary society. In rural and sparsely populated areas, access to public transport is often poor compared to urban areas, leading to fewer possibilities to participate in normal relationships and activities among rural dwellers. Based on qualitative interviews with rural dwellers in Sweden, the aim of this study was to explore how access to transport can meet the needs of mobility and activity participation in everyday life and how different modes of transport are being used. The study has been permeated by the time-geographical perspective, which considers people’s use of time and space and the restrictions they face in order to carry out activities, including travel. The results show that travel by private car plays a central role in realizing everyday activities for rural dwellers, as well as a perception of the car as being the norm in contemporary society. Frequent car use is the consequence of a combination of time-space restrictions, habit, and a lack of services, activities, and public transport in rural areas. Poor public transport services limit children’s and adolescents’ independent mobility in particular. Further, the physical environment influences the ability to use public transport, for example if roads and bus stops are seen as unsafe. Based on the results of the study, several measures and improvements are proposed that could increase mobility and accessibility in rural areas and reduce car dependency.

scholarly journals ORIGIN-DESTINATION-BASED PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICE GAP

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W9 ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
M. Lee ◽  
H. Nam ◽  
C. Jun
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Smart Card Data ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Service Gap ◽  
Public Transport Services ◽  
Public Transport Service

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> There are some studies that analyze public transport service gap by region from comparing supply and demand. However, due to data limitations, previous studies were limited in subdividing region-based service gap by Origin-Destination (O-D). This study analyzes the gaps of public transport services based on O-D, a micro spatial unit. The data used in this study include timetable of public transport and smart card data stored with transportation used records of individual users. The supply index presented in this study is based on O-D travel time considering for temporal fluctuation. And the demand index is explained in terms of actual traffic of O-D. The proposed methodology is applied to Seoul metropolitan city and the analysis for identifying service gap is conducted along major time periods of a day. Visualization is performed on some O-D pairs that require improvements in supply relative to demand. The areas where disparities in service exist were identified.</p>

scholarly journals How do passenger and trip attributes affect walking distances to bus public transport stops? Evidence from university students in Greece

Spatium ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Christos Tsioulianos ◽  
Socrates Basbas ◽  
Georgios Georgiadis
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
User Expectations ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
Inference Methods

The spatial arrangement of public transport systems seriously affects their ridership and thus the fulfillment of sustainable transport goals. This paper examines the case of students at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and investigates their perceptions regarding a critical spatial attribute of public transport, that is, the walking distance they have to cover to/from bus stops when they commute by bus to their campus. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect relevant data from 300 students and a set of statistical inference methods was employed to explore whether student-specific attributes relate to the walking distances they consider to be acceptable. Empirical findings highlighted weak relationships between user/trip specific attributes with regard to students, and their walking distance preferences for the bus public transport services they use. The majority of students consider that the maximum acceptable walking distance can be higher than the standard value of 400 meters. Moreover, they would be willing to walk more than they currently do in order to reach a bus stop with higher service frequencies to their campus. The study concept and findings could assist in delivering a more successful spatial design of bus public transport systems which serve university campuses. A more sparsely positioned network of bus stops would provide better opportunities for personal physical activity but should not yield increased total travel times; and they should incorporate local user expectations. Public transport agencies could also benefit from achieving higher service speeds which, in turn, would reduce energy consumption and operating costs.

scholarly journals The Analysis and Evaluation Assessment of Safety of Selected Types of Exploitation Systems Means of Transport / Analiza i Ocena Porównawcza Bezpieczeństwa Działania Wybranych Typów Systemów Eksploatacji Środków Transportowych

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Łukasz Muślewski ◽  
Piotr Bojar ◽  
Łukasz Muciok ◽  
Michał Lewalski
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Public Transport Services

Abstract In a situation of increasing the supply of means of individual transport and not capable of following the development of infrastructure, an important issue is the issue of ensuring adequate levels of efficiency, safety and the competitiveness of the operation of the exploitation of public transport services. Factors affecting the safe operation pending exploitation systems of vehicles, in a differentiated way affect the level of safety provided services in smaller cities - up to 100 thousand inhabitants, with respect to the cities which are agglomerations of more complex structure, which are cities the number to 500 thousand inhabitants. This paper attempts to analyze and evaluate the safety of the operation of the public transport services exploitation, on the basis of the same assessment criteria, comparing two different sized urban areas.

Assessment of the quality of passenger service by urban transport

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Government

The intensification of public transport in urban areas due to increased mobility at the regional and state levels, discrepancies between urban areas with the same population and the lack of statistics related to the efficiency and quality of public transport services are the main factors of our work. It is necessary to draw boundaries between the quality of services and the performance indicators of the public transport system. The quality of services is the subjective result of many intangible variables. The quality of service can be approached from four sides: from the point of view of the passenger, the performance of the vehicle, the specialized passenger transportation company, and the Government. Accessibility, comfort and convenience-these are the main indicators that should be evaluated by the population as having high ratings for the good quality of urban transport services. The tool used to collect the data is the preference survey. Keywords: service quality, public transport, evaluation, efficiency, methods, passenger, survey

scholarly journals An Improved Healthcare Accessibility Measure Considering the Temporal Dimension and Population Demand of Different Ages

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Ma ◽  
Nianxue Luo ◽  
Taili Wan ◽  
Chunchun Hu ◽  
Mingjun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Healthcare Accessibility ◽  
Time Periods

Healthcare accessibility has become an issue of social equity. An accurate estimation of existing healthcare accessibility is vital to plan and allocate health resources. Healthcare capacity, population demand, and geographic impedance are three essential factors to measure spatial accessibility. Additionally, geographic impedance is usually represented with a function of travel time. In this paper, the three-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) method is improved from the perspectives of the temporal dimension and population demand. Specifically, the travel time from the population location to the service site is precisely calculated by introducing real-time traffic conditions instead of utilizing empirical speed in previous studies. Additionally, with the utilization of real-time traffic, a dynamic result of healthcare accessibility is derived during different time periods. In addition, since the medical needs of the elderly are higher than that of the young, a demand weight index of demand is introduced to adjust the population demand. A case study of healthcare accessibility in Wuhan shows that the proposed method is effective to measure healthcare accessibility during different time periods. The spatial accessibility disparities of communities and crowdedness of hospitals are identified as an important reference for the balance between the supply and demand of medical resources.

Discovery of Public Transportation Patterns Through the Use of Big Data Technologies for Urban Mobility

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Antunes ◽  
Paulo Figueiras ◽  
Ruben Costa ◽  
Joel Teixeira ◽  
Ricardo Jardim-Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Big Data Technologies

Abstract Big cities show a wide public transport network that allows people to travel within the cities. However, with the overcrowding of big urban areas, the demand for new mobility strategies has increasing. Every day, citizens need to commute fast, easily and comfortable, which is not always easy due to the complexity of the public transport network. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the ability of Big Data technologies to cope with data collected from public transportation, by inferring automatically and continuously, complex mobility patterns about human mobility, in the form of insightful indicators (such as connections, transshipments or pendular movements), creating a new perspective in public transports data analytics. With special focus on the Lisbon public transport network, the challenge addressed by this work, is to analyze the demand and supply side of transportation network of Lisbon metropolitan area, considering ticketing data provided by the different transportation operators, which until now were essentially obtained through observation methods and surveys.

scholarly journals Analysis of demand for public transport service in Lviv city

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Ivanna Gits ◽  
◽  
Mykola Zhuk ◽  
Halyna Pivtorak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Public Transport Services ◽  
Occupation Rate

The demand for public transport on the example of Lviv city is analyzed in the paper. The aim of the trip, the duration of the trip, vehicle occupancy rate, walking approach to the stop, and the choice of public transport mode are determined as the main impact factors. The questioning of 1100 users of public transport is carried out. During the formation of transport strategy of public transport system functioning in large cities, it is necessary to consider such factors of functioning as optimal, from the view of transport provision, location of places of work and study, trips are up to 45 min; vehicle occupation rate is up to 80% (on the most routes); the walking distance is up to 600 m; vehicles of large capacity. The provision of these indicators in transport systems will provide an opportunity to increase the effectiveness and enlarge the demand for public transport services as a result of qualitative functioning.

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