scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of the Rural-Urban Structure of the Spanish Municipalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Ana Nieto Masot ◽  
Gema Cárdenas Alonso ◽  
Ángela Engelmo Moriche

The rural–urban dichotomy is one of the most debated topics by the scientific community in territorial issues. In addition, many public entities and scientific studies have established the distinctive elements of rural and urban spaces by relating the decline of the rural ones with factors such as aging, low birthrate, the primary sector, unemployment, or poverty, among others. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to spatially study the current model of territorial organization of Spanish urban and rural municipalities as well as their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. To this end, GIS (Geographic Information System) tools were used to carry out a spatial autocorrelation (SA) analysis and to identify homogeneous groups of the variables considered. In conclusion, there are different demographic and socioeconomic realities in Spain, an urban one located on the coast with a positive situation and, on the other hand, a regressive reality composed of rural municipalities, among which there are villages whose situation is worrying, mainly located in the north of Spain.

Author(s):  
Jorge L. Villacís ◽  
Jesús de la Fuente ◽  
Concepción Naval

A renewed interest in the study of character and virtue has recently emerged in the fields of Education and Psychology. The latest research has confirmed the association between virtuous consistent behaviours and academic positive outcomes. However, the motivational dimension of character (the intentions underlying the patterns of observed behaviours) has received little attention. This research aims to extend the knowledge on this topic by examining the predictive relationships between the behavioural and motivational dimensions of character, with reference to academic engagement, career self-doubt and performance of Spanish university students. A total of 183 undergraduates aged 18–30 (142 of whom were women) from the north of Spain completed specific parts of self-report questionnaires, including the Values in Action VIA-72, a Spanish translated and validated version of the Moral Self-Relevance Measure MSR, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Student Scale UWES-S9. The collected data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The behavioural dimension of character (character strength factors of caring, self-control and inquisitiveness) showed positive associations with academic engagement and performance. The motivational dimension of character (phronesis motivation), was negatively related to career self-doubt. For the first time, the present study has provided support for the contribution of both dimensions of character to undergraduate academic outcomes.


2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Justinas Bučys

A possibility from every location in an urban grid to easily access a range of shops and local services that meet the everyday needs, as well as workplaces, educational institutions and places for recreation is one of the biggest advantages of living in a city. This paper considers that combining tasks of encouraging the growth of local centres and developing street network in a way to promote walking and to provide conditions for using different modes of transport is one of the most appropriate ways to achieve urban sustainability. The problem addressed in this paper is the “separate” (i.e. “non-combined”) approach to functional and compositional aspects of the analysis of urban structure. The main proposal presented in this paper is to combine the two methods for analysing spatial and functional patterns. The first method deals with spatial configuration and how it is used by people, the second is aimed at investigating the role of urban composition at a macro and a micro scale in ensuring coherence of the elements of urban structure. The aim of the paper is to introduce the method for analysing the spatial structure of local centres in Vilnius and present the results which were obtained using the proposed model for investigating the interdependence of functional and compositional structures of the city. The scope of the study is to reveal some inconsistencies in the spatial patterns of three local centres in the north-western part of Vilnius where the distribution of the pre-determined functions and urban composition are in non-corresponding relation. Using the spatial accessibility model of Vilnius city, the study focuses on spatial structure at the level of urban blocks, which constitute local centres. The linear elements of the model are overlaid on a ground plan where convex spaces are highlighted considering their artistic and visual potential. Choice (betweenness, a measure of centrality) as a critical measure for analysing local centres is used to identify movement related structural patterns. Santrauka Galimybė iš bet kurios miesto vietos patogiai pasiekti kasdienius gyventojų poreikius tenkinančias prekybos ir paslaugų įmones, darbo ir mokymo įstaigas bei laisvalaikio leidimo vietas yra neabejotinas gyvenimo mieste privalumas. Lokalių centrų stiprinimo ir gatvių tinklo plėtros, sudarant sąlygas susisiekti pėsčiomis bei naudotis įvairių rūšių transportu, uždavinių derinimas sprendžiant veiksmingos, efektyvios urbanistinės struktūros formavimo klausimus yra viena iš pagrindinių darnios plėtros užtikrinimo priemonių. Straipsnyje keliama funkcinių ir kompozicinių urbanistinės struktūros analizės aspektų sujungimo problema. Siekiant išplėsti urbanistinės struktūros analizės galimybes, šiame straipsnyje siūloma kartu taikyti space syntax – viešųjų erdvių tyrimo – metodiką ir urbanistinės kompozicijos vaidmens lokaliu ir globaliu lygmeniu, užtikrinant urbanistinės struktūros elementų funkcinį ir erdvinį sąryšį, nustatymo būdą. Straipsnio tikslas yra pristatyti remiantis sudarytu miesto funkcinės ir kompozicinės struktūrų sąveikos tyrimo modeliu atliktą Vilniaus miesto lokalių centrų urbanistinės struktūros tyrimą, atskleisti taikytą metodiką ir gautus rezultatus. Tyrimo metu siekta nustatyti struktūrų prieštaringumus, kurie pasireiškia suplanuotų funkcijų išsidėstymo ir urbanistinės kompozicijos neatitikimu. Nagrinėti trys lokalūs centrai, esantys Vilniaus miesto šiaurės vakarų dalyje. Naudojant Vilniaus miesto viešųjų erdvių pasiekiamumo modelį, plane išryškinti lokalius centrus sudarantys kvartalai ir jų urbanistinės erdvės struktūra – linijiniai modelio elementai ir juos dengiančios vizualiai atskiros urbanistinės erdvės dalys, kurių meninio ir vizualinio potencialo įvertinimai išreikšti sutartiniais žymenimis. Apskaičiuotos prognozuojamą žmonių srautų pasiskirstymą gatvių tinkle atspindinčios pasirinkimo arba matematinio pereinamumo vertės.


2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6(Suppl 4)) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rodriguez-Guardado ◽  
C Suarez ◽  
M Fernandez ◽  
M Rodriguez ◽  
O Martinez ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala Mukherjee ◽  
Chandrani Dutta

Indian cities as the melting pot of cultural heterogeneity exhibits the idea of a complex urban society with problems of acceptance of cultural diversity that often leads to contest for space and exclusion of the ethnic minorities especially women from these communities. While such exclusion takes many forms of discrimination, this paper provides an account of discrimination faced by the women from the North-East in Delhi. It provides estimates of incidents which suggest that the most common form of discrimination is ‘treating’ them as foreigners. Name calling, and denial of services, especially rental accommodation on the ground of food habits are the most common forms of discrimination. Some of the respondents have also reported that washer men refuse to wash their clothes. Furthermore, women migrants often face physical abuses in forms of unwanted touching, especially in the crowded places like local markets and public buses. Men too are bantered for their hairstyle and dressing sense. Central university campuses are not even free from these discriminatory practices. North-East Helpline (1093) partially helps in lodging complains, but problem sustains. At the end, the authors come up with the idea of ethnic sensitization and establishing special units in various institutions for tackling these problems separately.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe Rocha Benites

Abstract This article explores the idea of movement through an analysis of the flows between rural and urban areas, more specifically between small farms (roças) and the peripheries of big cities. I turn to my own ethnographic research on rural and riverside communities in the north of Minas Gerais, as well as ethnographies produced on populations in the Cerrado Mineiro, in order to question the primacy of movement in the definitions of the city and to extend the notion through an approach that incorporates the relations between persons and things circulating in both these social spaces.


This paper examines the main challenges of the processes of space and social policy change present to current urbanization trends of Taiwan. The chapter argues that one of the main challenges is economic growth, increasing integration into the global economy and making Taiwan competitive in the global economy. This process leads to the growth of large urban regions that present many challenges to the urban development in the future. In particular, the paper focuses on the most fragile areas of the extended urban spaces are the rural and urban margins, where urban activities are expanding into densely populated agricultural regions. It is argued that in these areas, local policies should be developed that adapt to local ecosystems. The paper presents lessons of interventions in this field for Ho Chi Minh, Dong Nai and Binh Duong Region for urban expansion.


FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1892
Author(s):  
Tamara Ribeiro Botelho de Carvalho Maria ◽  
Bruna Fernanda Heck Bomm ◽  
Juliane Nesi ◽  
Tatiane Lima Ho ◽  
Rogério Bobrowski

Urban forest planning is necessary to avoid problems coming from the introduction of trees into urban spaces. Within the planning process, how space can be occupied on sidewalks is an important item to indicate which species can be planted according to the canopy characteristics . The objective of this study was to analyze morphometric indexes, to classify the growth pattern and to determine the canopy architecture of ten species planted in the urban forest of the cities Curitiba and Pinhais, Paraná, under conditions of free growth, without competition. The sampled species were characterized by the variables diameter at breast height, total height and canopy height and canopy radius in the north, south, east and west directions, which helped to characterize the morphometry of the species. The canopy architecture was classified according to structural models A 60% of crown ratio. Libidibia ferrea and Koelreuteria paniculata presented the greatest amplitude regarding the canopy form, between vertical elliptic, round and horizontal elliptic. Half of the species were fit in the canopy architecture model of the Koriba type, two in the Troll model and one in each of the D'Attim, Leeuwenberg and Mangenot types.


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