Update on the Impact of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Inflammation, Insulin Resistance and Sarcopenia: A Review

Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

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The Impact of Low Omega-3 Fatty Acids Diet on the Development of the Visual System

Handbook of Nutrition, Diet and the Eye ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-401717-7.00024-1 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 241-251

Author(s):

Patricia Coelho de Velasco ◽

Claudio Alberto Serfaty

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Visual System ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

The Impact

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EFFECT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ENRICHED FISH OIL ON DEXAMETHASONE INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE AND HYPERTENSION IN RATS

Indian Research Journal of Pharmacy and Science ◽

10.21276/irjps.2019.6.1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1796-1803

Author(s):

Rashmi S. Chouthe ◽

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Santosh D Shelke ◽

Rahul P. Kshirsagar ◽

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...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3

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Could Omega 3 Fatty Acids Preserve Muscle Health in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 223

Author(s):

Kassandra Lanchais ◽

Frederic Capel ◽

Anne Tournadre

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Muscle Health

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a high prevalence of death due to cardiometabolic diseases. As observed during the aging process, several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disorders (CVD), insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia, are frequently associated to RA. These abnormalities could be closely linked to alterations in lipid metabolism. Indeed, RA patients exhibit a lipid paradox, defined by reduced levels of total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol whereas the CVD risk is increased. Moreover, the accumulation of toxic lipid mediators (i.e., lipotoxicity) in skeletal muscles can induce mitochondrial dysfunctions and insulin resistance, which are both crucial determinants of CVD and sarcopenia. The prevention or reversion of these biological perturbations in RA patients could contribute to the maintenance of muscle health and thus be protective against the increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases, dysmobility and mortality. Yet, several studies have shown that omega 3 fatty acids (FA) could prevent the development of RA, improve muscle metabolism and limit muscle atrophy in obese and insulin-resistant subjects. Thereby, dietary supplementation with omega 3 FA should be a promising strategy to counteract muscle lipotoxicity and for the prevention of comorbidities in RA patients.

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Modulatory effect of cod-liver oil on Na+-K+ ATPase in rats’ brain

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327110371699 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 267-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Taha A Kumosani ◽

Said S Moselhy

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Atpase Activity ◽

Cod Liver Oil ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Partial Restoration ◽

Significant Depression ◽

Cholinesterase Activities ◽

The Impact ◽

The Brain

Omega-3 fatty acids were used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases such as bipolar disorder. Na +, K+-ATPase is also a well-known target for these fatty acids. In this study, we investigated the impact of cod-liver oil (CLO), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on Na+, K+-ATPase, cholinesterase activities, the levels of norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine in different regions of rat brain. Our results showed that DHA caused a significant depression in cerebellum Na+, K +-ATPase, whereas CLO activated it. In addition, CLO, EPA and DHA produced a significant activation in Na+, K+-ATPase activity in medulla, midbrain and hypothalamus. There were non-significant changes in the activity of cholinesterase enzyme in cerebellum and medulla, while in midbrain and hypothalamus the CLO, DHA and EPA enhanced the activity by 75%, 100% and 78%, respectively. The content of NE in hypothalamus showed slight increase in different regions of the brain of animals fed CLO, DHA or EPA. In conclusion, CLO, DHA or EPA supplementation had a beneficial effect that associated with a normalization of fatty acids incorporation into phospholipid membranes and a partial restoration of Na+, K+-ATPase activity, suggesting that CLO supplementation may improve fatty acid composition and moderately enhance Na+, K+-ATPase activity.

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Lipoatrophy‐associated insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis are attenuated by intake of diet rich in omega 3 fatty acids.

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

William T. Festuccia ◽

Naima Moustaid-Moussa ◽

Rafael Moreira

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3

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Are the Adaptogenic Effects of Omega 3 Fatty Acids Mediated via Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines?

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/209197 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joanne Bradbury ◽

Lyndon Brooks ◽

Stephen P. Myers

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

The Impact ◽

Necrosis Factor ◽

Analyze Data

The study was undertaken to estimate the size of the impact of n-3 fatty acids in psychological stress and the extent to which it is mediated via proinflammatory cytokines. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze data from 194 healthy Australians. Biomarkers used were erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA)),ex-vivostimulated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)). Stress was measured with the perceived stress scale (PSS-10), found to comprise three factors: Coping (items 4, 7, 5), Overwhelm (2, 10, 6 and 8), and Emotional (1, 9 and 3). This modeling demonstrated that the effects of DHA on coping are largely direct effects (0.26,t=2.05) and were not significantly mediated via the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines. Future modeling should explore whether adding EPA to the model would increase the significance of the mediation pathways.

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