scholarly journals Unravelling the Complexity of Plant Defense Induced by a Simultaneous and Sequential Mite and Aphid Infestation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kiełkiewicz ◽  
Anna Barczak-Brzyżek ◽  
Barbara Karpińska ◽  
Marcin Filipecki
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Arabidopsis Defense

In natural and agricultural conditions, plants are attacked by a community of herbivores, including aphids and mites. The green peach aphid and the two-spotted spider mite, both economically important pests, may share the same plant. Therefore, an important question arises as to how plants integrate signals induced by dual herbivore attack into the optimal defensive response. We showed that regardless of which attacker was first, 24 h of infestation allowed for efficient priming of the Arabidopsis defense, which decreased the reproductive performance of one of the subsequent herbivores. The expression analysis of several defense-related genes demonstrated that the individual impact of mite and aphid feeding spread systematically, engaging the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways. Interestingly, aphids feeding on the systemic leaf of the plant simultaneously attacked by mites, efficiently reduced the magnitude of the SA and JA activation, whereas mites feeding remotely increased the aphid-induced SA marker gene expression, while the JA-dependent response was completely abolished. We also indicated that the weaker performance of mites and aphids in double infestation essays might be attributed to aliphatic glucosinolates. Our report is the first to provide molecular data on signaling cross-talk when representatives of two distinct taxonomical classes within the phylum Arthropoda co-infest the same plant.

scholarly journals Physiological mechanism epistatic interaction of resistance genes to acaricides of various chemical classes in the interline hybrids of two-spotted spider mite

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Oleg V Sundukov ◽  
Irina A Tulaeva ◽  
Evgeniy A Zubanov
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Epistatic Interaction ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Epistatic Effect ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Disruptive Selection ◽  
Protein Marker ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Background. The presence in interline hybrids two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch two genes determining resistance to acaricides of various chemical classes significantly increases their sensitivity to the action of each these toxicants. Materials and methods. The resistant and susceptible to malathion, bifenthrin and abamectin inbred lines of spider mite by disruptive selection cycles were obtained. The toxicological tests were performed by diagnostic concentrations of acaricides. The protein marker gene of resistance to malathion was determined by poliacrylamide disc-electrophoresis. Results. The epistatic interaction of resistance genes to different acaricides is not manifestation at the stages of transcription and translation of genetic information. Conclusion. The epistatic effect of another gene on the resistance gene to the current acaricide is a different consequence of metabolism processes encoded by each gene at the stage of phenotypic regulation.

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and the carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) in China mixed in their Wolbachia phylogenetic tree

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1165 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIN XIE ◽  
HUI MIAO ◽  
XIAO-YUE HONG
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Two closely-related species Tetranychus urticae Koch and T. cinnabarinus (Boisduval) are important pests in China causing great damage to agricultural crops. Morphological differentiation between these two spider mite species has been very difficult due to intraspecific variation among populations. Molecular data suggest they are two forms of one species. We approach this problem from a different angle, and attempt to differentiate between the two mites using Wolbachia symbionts, which may show co-evolutionary trends with their hosts. All of the 13 populations of T. urticae from China were found to be infected with Wolbachia, with the infection rate ranging from 2.5% to 85%. Among the 25 populations of T. cinnabarinus examined, seven populations (Shenyang, Yinchuan, Binzhou, Wei’xian, Minhang, Chibi and Gaoxiong) were not infected with Wolbachia, and the other 18 populations were infected, at an infection rate from 5% to 77.5%. No correlation was found between species of host plant and Wolbachia infection rate in either mite. Wolbachia wsp gene sequence analysis showed that there are two clades of Wolbachia from the spider mites. In the Con clade, three Wolbachia strains from T. cinnabarinus (red) in China were mixed with those from two T. urticae (green) populations from France. In Ori clade, two sub-clades were visible. In one sub-clade, fifteen Wolbachia strains from T. cinnabarinus (red) were mixed with eight T. urticae (green; six from China and two from USA and France). In another sub-clade, seven Wolbachia strains from Chinese T. urticae populations (green) were mixed with those from one French red form and five green forms from France, Australia and Japan. Therefore, T. urticae and T. cinnabarinus from China are mixed in the phylogenetic tree of their endosymbiont Wolbachia.

scholarly journals Tomato Whole Genome Transcriptional Response to Tetranychus urticae Identifies Divergence of Spider Mite-Induced Responses Between Tomato and Arabidopsis

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Martel ◽  
Vladimir Zhurov ◽  
Marie Navarro ◽  
Manuel Martinez ◽  
Marc Cazaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Mite Feeding ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Ja Signaling

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is one of the most significant mite pests in agriculture, feeding on more than 1,100 plant hosts, including model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato, Solanum lycopersicum. Here, we describe timecourse tomato transcriptional responses to spider mite feeding and compare them with Arabidopsis in order to determine conserved and divergent defense responses to this pest. To refine the involvement of jasmonic acid (JA) in mite-induced responses and to improve tomato Gene Ontology annotations, we analyzed transcriptional changes in the tomato JA-signaling mutant defenseless1 (def-1) upon JA treatment and spider mite herbivory. Overlay of differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified in def-1 onto those from the timecourse experiment established that JA controls expression of the majority of genes differentially regulated by herbivory. Comparison of defense responses between tomato and Arabidopsis highlighted 96 orthologous genes (of 2,133 DEG) that were recruited for defense against spider mites in both species. These genes, involved in biosynthesis of JA, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, represent the conserved core of induced defenses. The remaining tomato DEG support the establishment of tomato-specific defenses, indicating profound divergence of spider mite–induced responses between tomato and Arabidopsis.

Ethyl formate and phosphine fumigations on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and their biochemical responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeongnam Kim ◽  
Yong Ho Lee ◽  
Gayoung Kim ◽  
Byung-Ho Lee ◽  
Jeong-Oh Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Ethyl Formate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Abstract Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a polyphagous pest to a variety of plants and they are hard to be controlled due to occurrence of resistance to acaricides. In this study, biochemical evaluation after ethyl formate (EF) and phosphine (PH3) fumigation towards T. urticae might help officials to control them in quarantine purposes. PH3 fumigation controlled eggs (LC50; 0.158 mg/L), nymphs (LC50; 0.030 mg/L), and adults (LC50; 0.059 mg/L) of T. urticae, and EF effectively affected nymphs (LC50; 2.826 mg/L) rather than eggs (LC50; 6.797 mg/L) and adults (LC50; 5.836 mg/L). In a longer exposure time of 20 h, PH3 fumigation was 94.2-fold more effective tool for control of T. urticae than EF fumigant. EF and PH3 inhibited cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity differently in both nymphs and adults of T. urticae. It confirmed COX is one of target sites of these fumigants in T. urticae and COX is involved in the respiratory chain as complex IV. Molecular approaches showed that EF fumigation completely down-regulated the expression of cox11 gene at the concentration of LC10 value, while PH3 up-regulated several genes greater than twofold in T. urticae nymphs treated with the concentration of LC50 value. These increased genes by PH3 fumigation are ndufv1, atpB, para, and ace, responsible for the expression of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, ATP synthase, and acetylcholinesterase in insects, respectively. Lipidomic analyses exhibited a significant difference between two fumigants-exposed groups and the control, especially an ion with 815.46 m/z was analyzed less than twofold in the fumigants-treated group. It was identified as PI(15:1/18:3) and it may be used as a biomarker to EF and PH3 toxicity. These findings may contribute to set an effective control strategy on T. urticae by methyl bromide alternatives such as EF and PH3 because they have shared target sites on the respiratory chain in the pest.

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