scholarly journals Bacterial Communities and Virulence Associated with Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus from Different Pinus spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Xue ◽  
Yang Xiang ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Ming-Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Pine Species

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease, is a destructive threat to pine forests. The role of bacteria associated with B. xylophilus in pine wilt disease has attracted widespread attention. This study investigated variation in bacterial communities and the virulence of surface-sterilized B. xylophilus from different Pinus spp. The predominant culturable bacteria of nematodes from different pines were Stenotrophomonas and Pseudomonas. Biolog EcoPlate analysis showed that metabolic diversity of bacteria in B. xylophilus from P. massoniana was the highest, followed by P. thunbergii and P. densiflora. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that bacterial diversity and community structure in nematodes from the different pine species varied, and the dominant bacteria were Stenotrophomonas and Elizabethkingia. The virulence determination of B. xylophilus showed that the nematodes from P. massoniana had the greatest virulence, followed by the nematodes from P. thunbergii and P. densiflora. After the nematodes were inoculated onto P. thunbergii, the relative abundance of the predominant bacteria changed greatly, and some new bacterial species emerged. Meanwhile, the virulence of all the nematode isolates increased after passage through P. thunbergii. These inferred that some bacteria associated with B. xylophilus isolated from different pine species might be helpful to adjust the PWN’s parasitic adaptability.

Between-isolate difference in dispersal ability of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and vulnerability to inhibition by Pinus densiflora

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Togashi ◽  
Koji Matsunaga
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Pine Species

Abstract Differences among four isolates of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and one of B. mucronatus in vulnerability to the inhibitory effect of Pinus densiflora on nematode dispersal were investigated by inoculating boiled and living branch sections 5 cm long. The intrinsic dispersal ability and vulnerability to the inhibitory effect of living branches differed among isolates. Additionally, the degree of branch inhibition of nematode dispersal was examined by inoculating the five isolates on 2.5 and 5.0 cm long, P. densiflora living branch sections. An increase in section length induced an 80% decrease in the number of nematodes of all isolates passing through the branch. The extent to which passing nematode number decreased as branch section length increased can be used to express susceptibility of pine species to pine wilt disease. Virulence had no relation to intrinsic and realised dispersal rates in B. xylophilus.

scholarly journals Effects of cavitation on the development of pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

1988 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko KURODA ◽  
Toshihiro YAMADA ◽  
Kazuhiko MINEO ◽  
Hirotada TAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Pine Wilt

scholarly journals Pseudomonas associated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, its insect vector and the host tree: A role in pine wilt disease?

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. e12564
Author(s):  
Marta Salgueiro Alves ◽  
Anabela Pereira ◽  
Cláudia Vicente ◽  
Manuel Mota ◽  
Isabel Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Pine Wilt

scholarly journals Inoculation With Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Dark Septate Endophytes Contributes to the Resistance of Pinus spp. to Pine Wilt Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglong Chu ◽  
Haihua Wang ◽  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Zhumei Li ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Dark Septate Endophytes ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Microbial Carbon ◽  
Pinus Spp

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a deadly disease to pines (Pinus spp.) worldwide. The occurrence of PWD can reduce the relative abundance of root ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE). However, the effects of exogenous ECMF/DSE inoculation on the rhizosphere microbial community structure of Pinus tabulaeformis infected by pine wood nematode (PWN) is little known. Here, we tested how ECMF/DSE may improve resistance to PWD by quantifying microbial carbon biomass and soil enzymatic activity among different treatments at 6 and 9 months after PWN infection. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to study the microbial community structure at 3, 6, and 9 months after PWN infection in the rhizosphere of P. tabulaeformis seedlings inoculated with ECMF/DSE. The results showed that exogenous ECMF/DSE inoculation reduced the disease severity caused by PWN infection. After PWN infection, the rhizosphere microbial carbon of seedlings inoculated with Amanita vaginata, Suillus bovinus, Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus, and Paraphoma chrysanthemicola was 38.16, 49.67, 42.11, and 96.05% higher than that of the control group, respectively. Inoculation of ECMF/DSE inhibited the decrease of rhizosphere microbial biomass caused by PWN infection. The richness and diversity of P. tabulaeformis rhizosphere fungi at 9 months were reduced by PWN infection but partially recovered by the exogenous fungi (ECMF/DSE) inoculation except for P. chrysanthemicola, which indicates a role of ECMF/DSE in maintaining stability of the microbial community. Inoculation with ECMF/DSE increased the beneficial bacterial (Thauera sp., Mesorhizobium sp., etc.) and fungal groups (Tomentella ellisii, Wilcoxina mikolae, etc.) of in the rhizosphere. In summary, exogenous ECMF/DSE inoculation could increase P. tabulaeformis resistance to PWD probably by improving the rhizosphere microenvironment.

Volatile compounds in pine stands suffering from pine wilt disease: qualitative and quantitative evaluation

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Futai ◽  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Yuko Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Quantitative Properties ◽  
Pine Stands

AbstractPine wilt disease causes ecological and economic damage in Japanese pine forests in spite of intensive effort to protect them from the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Pine trees infected with B. xylophilus emit a characteristic bouquet of volatile compounds bioactive to the vector beetle of the nematode, Monochamus alternatus, and potentially affecting symptom development inside the trees. To investigate the qualitative and quantitative properties of volatile compounds in the field, we profiled the volatile emissions in two Japanese black pine stands, one naturally suffering from pine wilt disease and the other artificially inoculated with B. xylophilus. In both pine stands, the emission of some terpenoids from the infected trees such as (−)-α-pinene, began to increase in summer, overlapping the oviposition season of the vector beetle, but peaked in the summer and autumn. These data suggest that the beetles may not necessarily depend on the tremendous quantity of volatiles alone when they search for suitable trees on which to oviposit.

Cloning arginine kinase gene and its RNAi in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causing pine wilt disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-rong Wang ◽  
Xi Cheng ◽  
Ya-dong Li ◽  
Jin-ai Zhang ◽  
Zhi-fen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Kinase ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Pine Wilt

Inhibition response of Pinus densiflora clones to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus systemic dispersal and their resistance to pine wilt disease

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Togashi ◽  
Hiroko Maezono ◽  
Koji Matsunaga ◽  
Satoshi Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Inhibition Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Clone Group

AbstractTo determine the relationship between resistance to pine wilt disease and the inhibition of nematode systemic dispersal in Pinus densiflora, a suspension of 200 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was placed on the upper cut end of 5-cm-long, living or boiled branch sections of 17 clones of pine that had different resistance levels. Significantly more nematodes passed through boiled sections than living sections during 24 h. Living branches of the resistant P. densiflora clone group significantly suppressed the dispersal of B. xylophilus compared with those of the susceptible group, suggesting that the inhibition of nematode systemic dispersal was involved in the resistance mechanism of selected disease-resistant pine clones. However, there was no significant correlation between the resistance class and the mean number of nematodes passing through live branch sections within the resistant clone group. The reason for the lack of correlation is discussed in relation with the resistance mechanism.

Identification of a novel effector BxSapB3 that enhances the virulence of pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1071-1078
Author(s):  
Xin Huang ◽  
Longjiao Hu ◽  
Xiaoqin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Weakly Virulent

Abstract Pine wilt disease, caused by the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, leads to severe damage to pine forests in China. In our previous study, effectors secreted by this pathogen were shown to play roles in the different infection stages of pine wilt disease, and a series of candidate effectors were predicted by transcriptome sequencing. This study identified and characterized a novel effector, BxSapB3, which was among these candidate effectors. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression was used to identify BxSapB3. BxSapB3 was secreted by B. xylophilus and found to be capable of inducing cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that BxSapB3 was upregulated in a highly virulent strain of B. xylophilus and expressed at lower levels in a weakly virulent strain at the early stages of infection. When BxSapB3 was silenced in B. xylophilus, the process of infection was delayed. These results indicate that BxSapB3 acts as an effector and contributes to virulence at the early stages of B. xylophilus infection.

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