scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Ficus carica Peels with a Focus on the Key Genes for Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Yuyan An ◽  
Liangju Wang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Deciduous Fruit Tree ◽  
Sequences Analysis ◽  
Myb Genes ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Fig (Ficus carica L.), a deciduous fruit tree of the Moraceae, provides ingredients for human health such as anthocyanins. However, little information is available on its molecular structure. In this study, the fig peels in the yellow (Y) and red (R) stages were used for transcriptomic analyses. Comparing the R with the Y stage, we obtained 6224 differentially expressed genes, specifically, anthocyanin-related genes including five CHS, three CHI, three DFR, three ANS, two UFGT and seven R2R3-MYB genes. Furthermore, three anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, i.e., FcCHS1, FcCHI1 and FcDFR1, and two R2R3-MYB genes, i.e., FcMYB21 and FcMYB123, were cloned; sequences analysis and their molecular characteristics indicated their important roles in fig anthocyanin biosynthesis. Heterologous expression of FcMYB21 and FcMYB123 significantly promoted anthocyanin accumulation in both apple fruits and calli, further suggesting their regulatory roles in fig coloration. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms behind fig anthocyanin biosynthesis and coloration, facilitating the genetic improvement of high-anthocyanin cultivars and other horticultural traits in fig fruits.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Sequencing and Expression Analysis of Genes Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Leaves of Malus ‘Profusion’ Infected by Japanese Apple Rust

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Pengyuan Liu ◽  
Yilin Wang ◽  
Jiaxin Meng ◽  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Bhlh Genes ◽  
Myb Genes

Anthocyanins play many roles in plants, including providing protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. Japanese apple rust (Gymnosporangium yamadae Miyabe ex G. Yamada) causes serious diseases in plants of the genus Malus and results in reduced fruit production and quality. However, few studies have been done to unravel the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin formation in rust-infected apple leaves. To identify new regulatory genes in apple leaves that may be involved in regulating rust-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis, we measured anthocyanin content and sequenced the transcriptomes of rust-infected and uninfected tissues of Malus ‘Profusion’ leaves. Significant color changes and anthocyanin enrichment (especially cyanidin-3-galactoside chloride) occurred in infected tissues, whereas no significant color change and a low anthocyanin level were observed in uninfected tissue. We identified 10,045 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in these two tissue types, including 6021 genes that were upregulated in the infected tissue and 4024 genes that were downregulated. We also identified five structural genes that are putative regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, 56 MYB genes, 36 bHLH genes, and one WD40 gene were identified among the obtained DEGs. According to the phylogeny of the amino acid sequences of transcription factors known to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, one MYB gene (MYB114-like) and two bHLH genes (bHLH33 and bHLHA-like) may relate to anthocyanin biosynthesis in rust-infected apple leaves. These data will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation upon rust infection.

Cloning and Functional Analysis of R2R3 MYB Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Potato Tuber

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Huan TAN ◽  
Yu-Hui LIU ◽  
Li-Xia LI ◽  
Li WANG ◽  
Yuan-Ming LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Myb Genes ◽  
R2r3 Myb

scholarly journals Identification of the Eutrema Salsugineum EsMYB90 gene important for anthocyanin biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Qi ◽  
Caihong Gu ◽  
Xingjun Wang ◽  
Shiqing Gao ◽  
Changsheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Eutrema Salsugineum ◽  
Tobacco Transgenic Plants ◽  
Myb Genes ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Abstract Background: Anthocyanins contribute to coloration and antioxidation effects in different plant tissues. MYB transcription factors have been demonstrated to be a key regulator for anthocyanin synthesis in many plants. However, little information was available about the MYB genes in the halophyte species Eutrema salsugineum . Result: Here we report the identification of an important anthocyanin biosynthesis regulator Es MYB90 from Eutrema salsugineum , which is a halophyte tolerant to multiple abiotic stresses. Our phylogenetic and localization analyses supported that Es MYB90 is an R2R3 type of MYB transcription factor. Ectopic expression of EsMYB90 in tobacco and Arabidopsis enhanced pigmentation and anthocyanin accumulation in various organs. The transcriptome analysis revealed that 42 genes upregulated by Es MYB90 in 35S : EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants are required for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, our qRT-PCR results showed that Es MYB90 promoted expression of early ( PAL , CHS , and CHI ) and late ( DFR , ANS , and UFGT ) anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in stems, leaves, and flowers of 35S : EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants. Conclusions: Our results indicated that Es MYB90 is a MYB transcription factor, which regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis genes to control anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our work provides a new tool to enhance anthocyanin production in various plants. Keywords : Anthocyanin, flavonoid, Eutrema salsugineum , R2R3 MYB transcription factor, Es MYB90, transcriptional regulation, anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.

scholarly journals Light- and Temperature-Induced Expression of an R2R3-MYB Gene Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red-Fleshed Kiwifruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yu ◽  
Yuping Man ◽  
Yanchang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Myb Genes ◽  
R2r3 Myb

The R2R3 MYB genes associated with the flavonoid/anthocyanidin pathway feature two repeats, and represent the most abundant classes of MYB genes in plants; however, the physiological role and regulatory function of most R2R3 MYBs remain poorly understood in kiwifruit (Actinidia). Here, genome-wide analysis identified 155 R2R3-MYBs in the ‘Red 5′ version of the Actinidia chinensis genome. Out of 36 anthocyanin-related AccR2R3-MYBs, AcMYB10 was the most highly expressed in inner pericarp of red-fleshed kiwifruit. The expression of AcMYB10 was highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in natural pigmentation during fruit ripening and light-/temperature-induced pigmentation in the callus. AcMYB10 is localized in the nuclei and has transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of AcMYB10 elevates anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic A. chinensis. In comparison, A. chinensis fruit infiltrated with virus-induced gene silencing showed delayed red coloration, lower anthocyanin content, and lower expression of AcMYB10. The transient expression experiment in Nicotiana tabacum leaves and Actinidia arguta fruit indicated the interaction of AcMYB10 with AcbHLH42 might strongly activate anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating the transcription of AcLDOX and AcF3GT. In conclusion, this study provides novel molecular information about R2R3-MYBs in kiwifruit, advances our understanding of light- and temperature-induced anthocyanin accumulation, and demonstrates the important function of AcMYB10 in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in kiwifruit.

scholarly journals Sequencing of Euscaphis konishii Endocarp Transcriptome Points to Molecular Mechanisms of Endocarp Coloration

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyan Yuan ◽  
Weihong Sun ◽  
Xiaoxing Zou ◽  
Bobin Liu ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Functional Genomic ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
R2r3 Myb ◽  
R2r3 Myb Transcription Factors

Flower and fruit colors are of vital importance to the ecology and economic market value of plants. The mechanisms of flower and fruit coloration have been well studied, especially among ornamental flower plants and cultivated fruits. As people pay more attention to exocarp coloration, the endocarp coloration in some species has often been ignored. Here, we report on the molecular mechanism of endocarp coloration in three development stages of Euscaphis konishii. The results show that endocarp reddening is closely related to anthocyanin accumulation, and a total of 86,120 unigenes were assembled, with a mean length of 893 bp (N50 length of 1642 bp). We identified a large number of differentially expressed genes associated with endocarp coloration, including anthocyanin biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, and chlorophyll breakdown. The genes participating in each step of the anthocyanin biosynthesis were found in the transcriptome dataset, but a few genes were found in the carotenoid biosynthesis and chlorophyll breakdown. In addition, the candidate R2R3-MYB transcription factors and candidate glutathione S-transferase transport genes, which likely regulate the anthocyanin biosynthesis, were identified. This study offers a platform for E. konishii functional genomic research and provides a reference for revealing the regulatory mechanisms of endocarp reddening.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutation reveals a role for AN4 rather than DPL in regulating venation formation in the corolla tube of Petunia hybrida

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Xiaojing Xu ◽  
Renwei Huang ◽  
Sha Yang ◽  
Mingyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Targeted Mutation ◽  
R2r3 Myb ◽  
Ornamental Traits

AbstractVenation is a common anthocyanin pattern displayed in flowers that confers important ornamental traits to plants. An anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB transcription factor, DPL, has been proposed to regulate corolla tube venation in petunia plants. Here, however, we provide evidence redefining the role of DPL in petunia. A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of DPL resulted in the absence of the vein-associated anthocyanin pattern above the abaxial surface of the flower bud, but not corolla tube venation, thus indicating that DPL did not regulate the formation of corolla tube venation. Alternately, quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the spatiotemporal expression pattern of another R2R3-MYB gene, AN4, coincided with the formation of corolla tube venation in petunia. Furthermore, overexpression of AN4 promoted anthocyanin accumulation by increasing the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of AN4 led to an absence of corolla tube venation, suggesting that this gene in fact determines this key plant trait. Taken together, the results presented here redefine the prime regulator of corolla tube venation, paving the way for further studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the various venation patterns in petunia.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Profiling of Apple Calli With a Focus on the Key Genes for ALA-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Longbo Liu ◽  
Huihui Tao ◽  
Yuyan An ◽  
Liangju Wang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
R2r3 Myb

The red color is an attractive trait of fruit and determines its market acceptance. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), an eco-friendly plant growth regulator, has played a universal role in plant secondary metabolism regulation, particularly in flavonoid biosynthesis. It has been widely reported that ALA can up-regulate expression levels of several structural genes related to flavonoid metabolism and anthocyanin accumulation. However, the molecular mechanisms behind ALA-induced expression of these genes are complicated and still far from being completely understood. In this study, transcriptome analysis identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the flavonoid biosynthesis (ko00941) pathway was significantly enhanced in the ALA-treated apple calli at 24, 48, and 72 h after the treatment. Expression pattern revealed that ALA up-regulated the expression of the structural genes related to not only anthocyanin biosynthesis (MdCHS, MdCHI, MdF3’H, MdDFR, MdANS, and MdUFGT) but also anthocyanin transport (MdGST and MdMATE). Two R2R3-MYB transcription factors (MdMYB10 and MdMYB9), which are the known positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, were significantly induced by ALA. Gene overexpression and RNA interference assays demonstrated that MdMYB10 and MdMYB9 were involved in ALA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, MdMYB10 and MdMYB9 might positively regulate the transcription of MdMATE8 by binding to the promoter region. These results indicate that MdMYB10 and MdMYB9 modulated structural gene expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport in response to ALA-mediated apple calli coloration at the transcript level. We herein provide new details regarding transcriptional regulation of ALA-induced color development.

scholarly journals Identification of the Eutrema Salsugineum EsMYB90 gene important for anthocyanin biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Qi ◽  
Caihong Gu ◽  
Xingjun Wang ◽  
Shiqing Gao ◽  
Changsheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Eutrema Salsugineum ◽  
Tobacco Transgenic Plants ◽  
Myb Genes ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Background: Anthocyanins contribute to coloration and antioxidation effects in different plant tissues. MYB transcription factors have been demonstrated to be a key regulator for anthocyanin synthesis in many plants. However, little information was available about the MYB genes in the halophyte species Eutrema salsugineum . Result: Here we report the identification of an important anthocyanin biosynthesis regulator Es MYB90 from Eutrema salsugineum , which is a halophyte tolerant to multiple abiotic stresses. Our phylogenetic and localization analyses supported that Es MYB90 is an R2R3 type of MYB transcription factor. Ectopic expression of EsMYB90 in tobacco and Arabidopsis enhanced pigmentation and anthocyanin accumulation in various organs. The transcriptome analysis revealed that 42 genes upregulated by Es MYB90 in 35S : EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants are required for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, our qRT-PCR results showed that Es MYB90 promoted expression of early ( PAL , CHS , and CHI ) and late ( DFR , ANS , and UFGT ) anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in stems, leaves, and flowers of 35S : EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants. Conclusions: Our results indicated that Es MYB90 is a MYB transcription factor, which regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis genes to control anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our work provides a new tool to enhance anthocyanin production in various plants. Keywords : Anthocyanin, flavonoid, Eutrema salsugineum , R2R3 MYB transcription factor, Es MYB90, transcriptional regulation, anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.

scholarly journals mRNA and miRNA Expression Analysis Reveal the Regulation for Flower Spot Patterning in Phalaenopsis ‘Panda’

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjin Zhao ◽  
Zheng Cui ◽  
Tingge Li ◽  
Huiqin Pei ◽  
Yuhui Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Formation Pattern ◽  
Regulator Genes ◽  
Myb Genes

Phalaenopsis cultivar ‘Panda’ is a beautiful and valuable ornamental for its big flower and unique big spots on the petals and sepals. Although anthocyanins are known as the main pigments responsible for flower colors in Phalaenopsis, and the anthocyanins biosynthetic pathway in Phalaenopsis is generally well known, the detailed knowledge of anthocynins regulation within the spot and non-spot parts in ‘Panda’ flower is limited. In this study, transcriptome and small RNA libraries analysis from spot and non-spot sepal tissues of ‘Panda’ were performed, and we found PeMYB7, PeMYB11, and miR156g, miR858 is associated with the purple spot patterning in its sepals. Transcriptome analyses showed a total 674 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 424 downregulated and 250 upregulated (Non-spot-VS-Spot), and 10 candidate DEGs involved in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. The qPCR analysis confirmed that seven candidate structure genes (PeANS, PeF3′H, PeC4H, PeF3H, PeF3H1, Pe4CL2, and PeCHI) have significantly higher expressing levels in spot tissues than non-spot tissues. A total 1552 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were detected with 676 downregulated and 876 upregulated. However, microRNA data showed no DEMs targeting on anthocyanin biosynthesis structure gene, while a total 40 DEMs target transcription factor (TF) genes, which expressed significantly different level in spot via non-spot sepal, including 2 key MYB regulator genes. These results indicated that the lack of anthocyanidins in non-spot sepal may not directly be caused by microRNA suppressing anthocyanidin synthesis genes rather than the MYB genes. Our findings will help in understanding the role of miRNA molecular mechanisms in the spot formation pattern of Phalaenopsis, and would be useful to provide a reference to similar research in other species.

Identification of R2R3-MYB gene family reveal candidate genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in Lonicera caerulea fruit based on RNA-seq data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Huixin Gang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Dong Qin ◽  
Junwei Huo
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea ◽  
Conserved Sequence ◽  
R2r3 Myb

BACKGROUND: R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) family plays important roles in various biological processes in many plants, especially in the regulation of plant flavonoid accumulation. The fruit of Lonicera caerulea contains abundant anthocyanin. OBJECTIVE: The R2R3-MYB TF family was systematically analyzed according to the RNA-seq data, and the R2R3-MYB candidate genes that were involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the fruit of Lonicera caerulea were screened. METHODS: The R2R3-MYB TFs in Lonicera caerulea were identified, and the physical and chemical properties, protein conserved sequence alignment and motifs of each R2R3-MYB TFs were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The expression levels of these genes and anthocyanin levels in different tissues and different developmental stages of fruit were determined by RT-qPCR and pH shift method. RESULTS: A total of 59 genes encoding R2R3-MYB TFs in Lonicera caerulea were identified and clustered into 20 subgroups (C1 to C20) based on the relationship to AtR2R3-MYBs. Expression profiles showed that the expression of CL6086 and CL552 in fruit were higher than other tissues, and upregulated in the veraison fruit compared to the green ripe fruit. As the expression of the two genes was concurrent with the anthocyanin content, and showed high correlation with anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes, they were considered as closely related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the fruit. CONCLUSION: The results provide a systematic analysis of LcR2R3-MYBs, and the foundation for further molecular mechanisms research of anthocyanin biosynthesis regulated by R2R3-MYB in the fruit of Lonicera caerulea.

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