scholarly journals X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography: An Emerging Technology to Analyze Vascular Calcification in Animal Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4538
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Borland ◽  
Julia Behnsen ◽  
Nick Ashton ◽  
Sheila E. Francis ◽  
Keith Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineralized Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Vascular calcification describes the formation of mineralized tissue within the blood vessel wall, and it is highly associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. In this article, we briefly review different rodent models used to study vascular calcification in vivo, and critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of the current techniques used to analyze and quantify calcification in these models, namely 2-D histology and the o-cresolphthalein assay. In light of this, we examine X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) as an emerging complementary tool for the analysis of vascular calcification in animal models. We demonstrate that this non-destructive technique allows us to simultaneously quantify and localize calcification in an intact vessel in 3-D, and we consider recent advances in µCT sample preparation techniques. This review also discusses the potential to combine 3-D µCT analyses with subsequent 2-D histological, immunohistochemical, and proteomic approaches in correlative microscopy workflows to obtain rich, multifaceted information on calcification volume, calcification load, and signaling mechanisms from within the same arterial segment. In conclusion we briefly discuss the potential use of µCT to visualize and measure vascular calcification in vivo in real-time.

Non-Destructive Assaying Gold Jewellery Using Dual-Energy Micro-Computed Tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaafar Abdullah ◽  
Abibullah Samsudin ◽  
Nor Laili Omar ◽  
Hafizza Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Tomography Method ◽  
Non Destructive

Determining the fineness of gold jewelleries remains one of the most challenging tasks in gold trading. The existing technology of gold testing is inadequate, allowing gold counterfeiting worldwide. The most popular non-destructive method for analysis of gold jewelleries is X-ray fluorescence technique. However, the technique is limited to surface only and it is also greatly influenced by matrix effects. In this paper, dual-energy X-ray micro-computed tomography method was proposed to assay gold jewelleries. Experimental results demonstrated that grey values of reconstructed tomographic images in combination with advanced image analysis procedures could be used to detect fake jewelleries. Due to the uniqueness of X-ray absorption, the technique was also capable of identifying different materials in gold jewelleries. Further analysis on sectioned-earrings samples using X-ray diffraction techniques and visual observation confirmed all tomographic findings.  

scholarly journals 0349 : Comparison of bioimpedance and X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) for total fat volume measurement in mice in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Aubertin-Kirch ◽  
Amira Sayeh ◽  
Christian Goetz ◽  
Jean-Philippe Dillenseger ◽  
Isabelle Chery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Volume

Architectural Terracruda Sculptures of the Silk Roads: New Conservation Insights Through a Diagnostic Approach Based on Non-Destructive X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mònica López-Prat ◽  
Raffaele Giuseppe Agostino ◽  
Sudipa Ray Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Begoña Carrascosa ◽  
Maria Caterina Crocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals X-ray microtomography in herpetological research: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Broeckhoven ◽  
Anton du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Sample Size Effect ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract Herpetological research, like any other (palaeo)biological science, relies heavily on accurate data collection, particularly visualisation and quantification of anatomical features. While several high-resolution imaging methods are currently available, one technique in particular, x-ray microtomography or micro-computed tomography, is on the verge of revolutionising our understanding of the morphology of amphibians and reptiles. Here, we present a review on the prevalence and trends of x-ray microtomography in herpetological studies carried out over the last two decades. We describe its current use, provide practical guidelines for future research that focusses on the morphological study of reptiles and amphibians, and highlight emerging trends including soft-tissue and in vivo scanning. Furthermore, while x-ray microtomography is a rapidly evolving field with great potential, various important drawbacks are associated with its use, including sample size effect and measurement errors resulting from differences in spatial resolution and preparation techniques. By providing recommendations to overcome these hurdles, we ultimately aim to maximise the benefits of x-ray microtomography to herpetological research.

scholarly journals Non-destructive determination of floral staging in cereals using X-ray micro computed tomography (µCT)

Plant Methods ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saoirse R. Tracy ◽  
José Fernández Gómez ◽  
Craig J. Sturrock ◽  
Zoe A. Wilson ◽  
Alison C. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive

Synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray micro-computed tomography reveals dental bur debris under dental composite restorations

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assem Hedayat ◽  
Nicole Nagy ◽  
Garnet Packota ◽  
Judy Monteith ◽  
Darcy Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dental Fillings ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Non Destructive

Dental burs are used extensively in dentistry to mechanically prepare tooth structures for restorations (fillings), yet little has been reported on the bur debris left behind in the teeth, and whether it poses potential health risks to patients. Here it is aimed to image dental bur debris under dental fillings, and allude to the potential health hazards that can be caused by this debris when left in direct contact with the biological surroundings, specifically when the debris is made of a non-biocompatible material. Non-destructive micro-computed tomography using the BioMedical Imaging & Therapy facility 05ID-2 beamline at the Canadian Light Source was pursued at 50 keV and at a pixel size of 4 µm to image dental bur fragments under a composite resin dental filling. The bur's cutting edges that produced the fragment were also chemically analyzed. The technique revealed dental bur fragments of different sizes in different locations on the floor of the prepared surface of the teeth and under the filling, which places them in direct contact with the dentinal tubules and the dentinal fluid circulating within them. Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis of the dental bur edges revealed that the fragments are made of tungsten carbide–cobalt, which is bio-incompatible.

scholarly journals Research Models for Studying Vascular Calcification

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Herrmann ◽  
Milen Babic ◽  
Markus Tölle ◽  
Markus van der Giet ◽  
Mirjam Schuchardt
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Culture Models

Calcification of the vessel wall contributes to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vascular calcification (VC) is a systemic disease with multifaceted contributing and inhibiting factors in an actively regulated process. The exact underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated and reliable treatment options are lacking. Due to the complex pathophysiology, various research models exist evaluating different aspects of VC. This review aims to give an overview of the cell and animal models used so far to study the molecular processes of VC. Here, in vitro cell culture models of different origins, ex vivo settings using aortic tissue and various in vivo disease-induced animal models are summarized. They reflect different aspects and depict the (patho)physiologic mechanisms within the VC process.

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