scholarly journals Evidence of Skin Barrier Damage by Cyclic Siloxanes (Silicones)—Using Digital Holographic Microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6375
Author(s):  
Krystyna Mojsiewicz-Pieńkowska ◽  
Ewa Stachowska ◽  
Dominika Krenczkowska ◽  
Dagmara Bazar ◽  
Frans Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Digital Holographic Microscopy ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Cyclic Siloxanes ◽  
Holographic Microscopy ◽  
The Impact

Cyclic siloxanes (D4, D5, D6) are widely used in skin products. They improve skin sensory properties and alleviate dry skin, but there is still one report (published 2019), which regards their effects on the destruction of the skin barrier, by using fluorescence microscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). A new skin-imaging technique, digital holographic microscopy (DHM), was used for the first time to investigate the impact of D4, D5, and D6 on the skin barrier. We observed irreversible damage of the stratum corneum due to the interaction with cyclic siloxanes. These substances changed: (a) the first level of the skin barrier through destabilization of the intercellular lipid lamellae and destruction of the corneocyte structure (measured with axial nanometer resolution), (b) the second level by collapse of not only corneocytes but also of a significant part of the clusters, leading to the loss of the stratum corneum integrity and formation of the lacunae, (c) the third level as an effect of the change in the surface geometrical topography of the stratum corneum and disruption of the integrity of this skin layer, measured with lateral micrometer resolution. DHM allowed also to identify an important pathway for substances to penetrate into the skin through canyons surrounding the clusters. Our investigations provide advanced information for understanding the mechanisms by which various substances pass the skin barrier, including uncontrolled diffusion into the skin.

scholarly journals Ceramides in the skin barrier

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vávrová ◽  
A. Kováčik ◽  
L. Opálka
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Stratum Corneum Lipid

AbstractThe skin barrier, which is essential for human survival on dry land, is located in the uppermost skin layer, the stratum corneum. The stratum corneum consists of corneocytes surrounded by multilamellar lipid membranes that prevent excessive water loss from the body and entrance of undesired substances from the environment. To ensure this protective function, the composition and organization of the lipid membranes is highly specialized. The major skin barrier lipids are ceramides, fatty acids and cholesterol in an approximately equimolar ratio. With hundreds of molecular species of ceramide, skin barrier lipids are a highly complex mixture that complicate the investigation of its behaviour. In this minireview, the structures of the major skin barrier lipids, formation of the stratum corneum lipid membranes and their molecular organization are described.

Changes in corneocyte element concentrations occur in skin inner stratum corneum

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. R. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Intercellular Lipid

Keratinocytes undergo maturation during their transit through the viable layers of skin, and then abruptly transform into flattened, anuclear corneocytes that constitute the cellular component of the skin barrier, the stratum corneum (SC). The SC is generally considered to be homogeneous in its structure and barrier properties, and is often shown schematically as a featureless brick wall, the “bricks” being the corneocytes, the “mortar” being intercellular lipid. Previously we showed the outer SC was not homogeneous in its composition, but contained steep gradients of the physiological inorganic elements Na, K and Cl, likely originating from sweat salts. Here we show the innermost corneocytes in human skin are also heterogeneous in composition, undergoing systematic changes in intracellular element concentration during transit into the interior of the SC.Human skin biopsies were taken from the lower leg of individuals with both “good” and “dry” skin and plunge-frozen in a stirred, cooled isopentane/propane mixture.

Antifouling mechanism of natural product-based coatings investigated by digital holographic microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Jiansen Pan ◽  
Qingmei Peng ◽  
Guoliang Zhang ◽  
Qingyi Xie ◽  
Xiangjun Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Digital Holographic Microscopy ◽  
Holographic Microscopy

scholarly journals Dynamic Speckle Illumination Digital Holographic Microscopy by Doubly Scattered System

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Yun Liu ◽  
Peihua Bu ◽  
Mingxing Jiao ◽  
Junhong Xing ◽  
Ke Kou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Correlation ◽  
Digital Holographic Microscopy ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Speckle Reduction ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Coherent Noise ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
Dynamic Speckle ◽  
Holographic Microscopy ◽  
Speckle Suppression

The coherent noise always exists in digital holographic microscopy due to the laser source, degrading the image quality. A method of speckle suppression using the dynamic speckle illumination, produced by double-moving diffusers, is presented in digital holographic microscopy. The space–time correlation functions are theoretically analyzed from the statistics distribution in the doubly and singly scattered system, respectively. The configuration of double-moving diffusers is demonstrated to have better performance in speckle suppression compared with the single diffuser and moving-static double diffusers cases. The experiment results verify the feasibility of the approach. The presented approach only requires a single shot interferogram to realize the speckle reduction, accordingly it has the potential application in real-time measurement.

scholarly journals 3D monitoring of the surface slippage effect on micro-particle sedimentation by digital holographic microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Panahi ◽  
Ramin Jamali ◽  
Vahideh Farzam Rad ◽  
Mojtaba Khorasani ◽  
Ahamd Darudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slip Length ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Holographic Microscopy ◽  
Particle Sedimentation ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Slippage Effect ◽  
Holographic Microscopy ◽  
3D Information ◽  
Experimental Findings

AbstractIn several phenomena in biology and industry, it is required to understand the comprehensive behavior of sedimenting micro-particles in fluids. Here, we use the numerical refocusing feature of digital holographic microscopy (DHM) to investigate the slippage effect on micro-particle sedimentation near a flat wall. DHM provides quantitative phase contrast and three-dimensional (3D) imaging in arbitrary time scales, which suggests it as an elegant approach to investigate various phenomena, including dynamic behavior of colloids. 3D information is obtained by post-processing of the recorded digital holograms. Through analysis of 3D trajectories and velocities of multiple sedimenting micro-particles, we show that proximity to flat walls of higher slip lengths causes faster sedimentation. The effect depends on the ratio of the particle size to (1) the slip length and (2) its distance to the wall. We corroborate our experimental findings by a theoretical model which considers both the proximity and the particle interaction to a wall of different hydrophobicity in the hydrodynamic forces.

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