scholarly journals A Review of the Action of Magnesium on Several Processes Involved in the Modulation of Hematopoiesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7084
Author(s):  
Fabiana da Silva Lima ◽  
Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Replication ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Dna And Rna Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential mineral for the functioning and maintenance of the body. Disturbances in Mg2+ intracellular homeostasis result in cell-membrane modification, an increase in oxidative stress, alteration in the proliferation mechanism, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mg2+ deficiency often results in inflammation, with activation of inflammatory pathways and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells. Immune cells and others that make up the blood system are from hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. The hematopoietic tissue is a tissue with high indices of renovation, and Mg2+ has a pivotal role in the cell replication process, as well as DNA and RNA synthesis. However, the impact of the intra- and extracellular disturbance of Mg2+ homeostasis on the hematopoietic tissue is little explored. This review deals specifically with the physiological requirements of Mg2+ on hematopoiesis, showing various studies related to the physiological requirements and the effects of deficiency or excess of this mineral on the hematopoiesis regulation, as well as on the specific process of erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis. The literature selected includes studies in vitro, in animal models, and in humans, giving details about the impact that alterations of Mg2+ homeostasis can have on hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic tissue.

scholarly journals Mechanism of action of purpuromycin

1992 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Landini ◽  
E Corti ◽  
B P Goldstein ◽  
M Denaro
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Free System ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Dna And Rna Synthesis ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Elongation Step

Purpuromycin, an antibiotic active against both fungi and bacteria, shows different modes of action against these two kinds of micro-organisms; in Candida albicans it inhibits RNA synthesis, whereas in Bacillus subtilis protein synthesis is primarily affected, with DNA and RNA synthesis blocked at higher concentrations of the drug. In bacterial cell-free protein-synthesis systems, purpuromycin did not inhibit synthesis from endogenous mRNA (elongation of peptides initiated within the intact cell) but inhibited MS2-phase RNA-dependent protein synthesis (which requires initiation) by 50% at 0.1 mg/l. Poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis was 50% inhibited by 20 mg of purpuromycin/l when added to a complete system; however, when purpuromycin was preincubated with ribosomes dissociated into 30 S and 50 S subunits, the concentration for 50% inhibition fell to 0.1 mg/l. By contrast, in a C. albicans cell-free system poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis was partially inhibited only at 200 mg/l. Purpuromycin also inhibited polynucleotide synthesis in vitro in reactions using Escherichia coli or wheat-germ RNA polymerases or E. coli DNA polymerase I. We suggest that in bacteria the primary target of purpuromycin is on ribosomes and that its action precedes the elongation step of protein synthesis. The effect on nucleic acid synthesis in both fungi and bacteria may be due to interaction of purpuromycin with DNA.

DNA and RNA Synthesis by Postpubertal Undescended Testis In Vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nakamura ◽  
N. Nonomura ◽  
M. Namiki ◽  
A. Okuyama ◽  
E. Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Dna And Rna Synthesis

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ-INDUCED DNA AND RNA SYNTHESIS IN NORMAL AND AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIC LEUKOCYTES

1967 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglass C. Tormey ◽  
Roberta Kamin ◽  
H. Hugh Fudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Synthesis ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Precursor Synthesis ◽  
Dna And Rna Synthesis

Leukocytes from nine patients with acquired agammaglobulinemia were studied in vitro. Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) induced by phytohemagglutinin was measured by determination of the degree of incorporation of labeled precursor. Synthesis of both DNA and RNA was decreased in the agammaglobulinemic cells. The presence of an inhibitor in the patients' sera could not be demonstrated. These results suggest that the basic defect in agammaglobulinemia is cellular rather than humoral.

Inhibition by selenium of DNA and RNA synthesis in normal and malignant human cells in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikrat I. Abdullaev ◽  
Christina MacVicar ◽  
Gerald D. Frenkel
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Dna And Rna Synthesis

scholarly journals In Vitro DNA and RNA Synthesis in Human Bone Marrow Cells: A Study of 12 Normal Subjects and 12 Patients with Lymphoplasmocytic Disorders

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAKOB R. SCHMID ◽  
JOSEPH M. KIELY ◽  
W. NEWLON TAUXE ◽  
CHARLES A. OWEN
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Dna And Rna Synthesis ◽  
Immature Cells ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract In 12 normal subjects, DNA and RNA synthesis by individual marrow cells was studied in vitro by autoradiography after short-term incubation with tritiated nucleosides. The DNA labeling index and RNA synthesis rate were highest in normal immature cells. The DNA index was zero in all mature cells, including small lymphocytes and plasma cells. In the most actively proliferating normal immature cells, the RNA synthesis rate was about 5 times higher than in normal plasma cells. Since both normal immature cells and plasma cells are characterized by a high content of RNA and active protein synthesis, the results of the present study suggest that a high RNA turnover may not be necessary for protein synthesis to proceed in nonproliferating, protein-producing marrow cells. In 10 patients with myeloma and in two patients with primary macroglobulinemia, the abnormal plasma cells were found to be labeled with H3thymidine in each instance. The RNA synthesis rate was about 3 times greater in plasmocytoid myeloma cells than in mature plasma cells of normal marrows, and also about 3 times greater in lymphocytoid myeloma cells than in mature lymphocytes of normal marrows. The abnormal cells in the lymphoplasmocytic disorders apparently differ from their counterparts in normal marrows not only by a higher proliferative potential, but also by a much greater rate of RNA synthesis. In actively dividing normal bone marrow cells, high values for both DNA and RNA synthesis were found. By contrast, in the neoplastic lymphoplasma cells studied, a discrepancy was noted between relatively low values of DNA synthesis and high values of RNA synthesis. Production of abnormal proteins within long-lived neoplastic plasmocytic cells may account for this finding.

Mechanism of Action of Daunomycin

1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Marco
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Experimental Tumors ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Antimitotic Activity ◽  
Dna And Rna Synthesis ◽  
Marked Drop

SummaryDaunomycin (Da) a metabolite of Streptomyces peucetius has a cytotoxic and antimitotic activity on normal and neoplastic mammalian cells grown in vitro and strongly inhibits a variety of experimental tumors.The cell damage induced by Da is mainly nuclear.A finely granular appearance of the chromatin and marked alterations in shape and size of nucleoli in resting cells and many mitotic aberrations in mitotic cells were observed.Biochemical and autoradiographic researches show that the binding of Da with DNA causes a reduction of the DNA and RNA synthesis, especially of the RNA which is synthesized in the nucleoli and then passes into the cytoplasmic ribosomic RNA.Treatment with Da on synchronized cells shows a marked drop of the mitotic index and appearance of mitotic anomalies when the cells are treated in S and G2 phases.This reduction keeps also in the second mitotic wave. A reduction of the mitotic activity is observed also if the cells are treated near the middle of the interphase.Da causes a reduction in the percentage of the nuclei labelled with 3H thymidine and in the number of grains per nucleus, when the cells are treated in S phase, in the very beginning and middle of interphase.

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