scholarly journals Applications of Biomaterials in 3D Cell Culture and Contributions of 3D Cell Culture to Drug Development and Basic Biomedical Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Yujin Park ◽  
Kang Moo Huh ◽  
Sun-Woong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Toxicity Of Drugs ◽  
External Stimuli

The process of evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of drugs is important in the production of new drugs to treat diseases. Testing in humans is the most accurate method, but there are technical and ethical limitations. To overcome these limitations, various models have been developed in which responses to various external stimuli can be observed to help guide future trials. In particular, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has a great advantage in simulating the physical and biological functions of tissues in the human body. This article reviews the biomaterials currently used to improve cellular functions in 3D culture and the contributions of 3D culture to cancer research, stem cell culture and drug and toxicity screening.

A rhabdomyosarcoma hydrogel model to unveil cell-extracellular matrix interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Saggioro ◽  
Stefania D'Agostino ◽  
Anna Gallo ◽  
Sara Crotti ◽  
Sara D'Aronco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
In Vitro Systems ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Interactions

Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems are progressively getting attention given their potential in overcoming limitations of the classical 2D in vitro systems. Among different supports for 3D cell culture, hydrogels (HGs)...

Application of Three-dimensional (3D) Tumor Cell Culture Systems and Mechanism of Drug Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3599-3607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeeb Shehzad ◽  
Vijaya Ravinayagam ◽  
Hamad AlRumaih ◽  
Meneerah Aljafary ◽  
Dana Almohazey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
In Vivo Model

: The in-vitro experimental model for the development of cancer therapeutics has always been challenging. Recently, the scientific revolution has improved cell culturing techniques by applying three dimensional (3D) culture system, which provides a similar physiologically relevant in-vivo model for studying various diseases including cancer. In particular, cancer cells exhibiting in-vivo behavior in a model of 3D cell culture is a more accurate cell culture model to test the effectiveness of anticancer drugs or characterization of cancer cells in comparison with two dimensional (2D) monolayer. This study underpins various factors that cause resistance to anticancer drugs in forms of spheroids in 3D in-vitro cell culture and also outlines key challenges and possible solutions for the future development of these systems.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Culture System of Cancer Cells Combined with Biomaterials for Drug Screening

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruki Nii ◽  
Kimiko Makino ◽  
Yasuhiko Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Biological Research

Anticancer drug screening is one of the most important research and development processes to develop new drugs for cancer treatment. However, there is a problem resulting in gaps between the in vitro drug screening and preclinical or clinical study. This is mainly because the condition of cancer cell culture is quite different from that in vivo. As a trial to mimic the in vivo cancer environment, there has been some research on a three-dimensional (3D) culture system by making use of biomaterials. The 3D culture technologies enable us to give cancer cells an in vitro environment close to the in vivo condition. Cancer cells modified to replicate the in vivo cancer environment will promote the biological research or drug discovery of cancers. This review introduces the in vitro research of 3D cell culture systems with biomaterials in addition to a brief summary of the cancer environment.

scholarly journals A Microfluidic Chip Embracing a Nanofiber Scaffold for 3D Cell Culture and Real-Time Monitoring

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Hwa Kim ◽  
Ju Young Park ◽  
Songwan Jin ◽  
Sik Yoon ◽  
Jong-Young Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Nanofiber Scaffold

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and tissue-on-a-chip application have attracted attention because of increasing demand from the industries and their potential to replace conventional two-dimensional culture and animal tests. As a result, numerous studies on 3D in-vitro cell culture and microfluidic chip have been conducted. In this study, a microfluidic chip embracing a nanofiber scaffold is presented. A electrospun nanofiber scaffold can provide 3D cell culture conditions to a microfluidic chip environment, and its perfusion method in the chip can allow real-time monitoring of cell status based on the conditioned culture medium. To justify the applicability of the developed chip to 3D cell culture and real-time monitoring, HepG2 cells were cultured in the chip for 14 days. Results demonstrated that the cells were successfully cultured with 3D culture-specific-morphology in the chip, and their albumin and alpha-fetoprotein production was monitored in real-time for 14 days.

scholarly journals A Membrane Filter-Assisted Mammalian Cell-Based Biosensor Enabling 3D Culture and Pathogen Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3042
Author(s):  
Il-Hoon Cho ◽  
Jin-Woo Jeon ◽  
Min-Ji Choi ◽  
Hyun-Mo Cho ◽  
Jong-Sung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Cell Incubation

We have developed a membrane filter-assisted cell-based biosensing platform by using a polyester membrane as a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture scaffold in which cells can be grown by physical attachment. The membrane was simply treated with ethanol to increase surficial hydrophobicity, inducing the stable settlement of cells via gravity. The 3D membrane scaffold was able to provide a relatively longer cell incubation time (up to 16 days) as compared to a common two-dimensional (2D) cell culture environment. For a practical application, we fabricated a cylindrical cartridge to support the scaffold membranes stacked inside the cartridge, enabling not only the maintenance of a certain volume of culture media but also the simple exchange of media in a flow-through manner. The cartridge-type cell-based analytical system was exemplified for pathogen detection by measuring the quantities of toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) induced by applying a lysate of P. aeruginosa and live E. coli, respectively, providing a fast, convenient colorimetric TLR1 immunoassay. The color images of membranes were digitized to obtain the response signals. We expect the method to further be applied as an alternative tool to animal testing in various research areas such as cosmetic toxicity and drug efficiency.

scholarly journals Mammary gland 3D cell culture systems in farm animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Finot ◽  
Eric Chanat ◽  
Frederic Dessauge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems

AbstractIn vivo study of tissue or organ biology in mammals is very complex and progress is slowed by poor accessibility of samples and ethical concerns. Fortunately, however, advances in stem cell identification and culture have made it possible to derive in vitro 3D “tissues” called organoids, these three-dimensional structures partly or fully mimicking the in vivo functioning of organs. The mammary gland produces milk, the source of nutrition for newborn mammals. Milk is synthesized and secreted by the differentiated polarized mammary epithelial cells of the gland. Reconstructing in vitro a mammary-like structure mimicking the functional tissue represents a major challenge in mammary gland biology, especially for farm animals for which specific agronomic questions arise. This would greatly facilitate the study of mammary gland development, milk secretion processes and pathological effects of viral or bacterial infections at the cellular level, all with the objective of improving milk production at the animal level. With this aim, various 3D cell culture models have been developed such as mammospheres and, more recently, efforts to develop organoids in vitro have been considerable. Researchers are now starting to draw inspiration from other fields, such as bioengineering, to generate organoids that would be more physiologically relevant. In this chapter, we will discuss 3D cell culture systems as organoids and their relevance for agronomic research.

scholarly journals Factors to consider when interrogating 3D culture models with plate readers or automated microscopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Riss ◽  
O. Joseph Trask
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Diffusion Rates ◽  
Cell Culture Models ◽  
Dimensional Cell ◽  
Cells Cultured

AbstractAlong with the increased use of more physiologically relevant three-dimensional cell culture models comes the responsibility of researchers to validate new assay methods that measure events in structures that are physically larger and more complex compared to monolayers of cells. It should not be assumed that assays designed using monolayers of cells will work for cells cultured as larger three-dimensional masses. The size and barriers for penetration of molecules through the layers of cells result in a different microenvironment for the cells in the outer layer compared to the center of three-dimensional structures. Diffusion rates for nutrients and oxygen may limit metabolic activity which is often measured as a marker for cell viability. For assays that lyse cells, the penetration of reagents to achieve uniform cell lysis must be considered. For live cell fluorescent imaging assays, the diffusion of fluorescent probes and penetration of photons of light for probe excitation and fluorescent emission must be considered. This review will provide an overview of factors to consider when implementing assays to interrogate three dimensional cell culture models.

scholarly journals Pak1 regulates branching morphogenesis in 3D MDCK cell culture by a PIX and β1-integrin-dependent mechanism

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. C21-C32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Hunter ◽  
Mirjam M. Zegers
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mdck Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Β1 Integrin ◽  
Blocking Antibody ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
P21 Activated Kinase

Branching morphogenesis is a fundamental process in the development of the kidney. This process gives rise to a network of ducts, which form the collecting system. Defective branching can lead to a multitude of kidney disorders including agenesis and reduced nephron number. The formation of branching tubules involves changes in cell shape, cell motility, and reorganization of the cytoskeleton. However, the exact intracellular mechanisms involved are far from understood. We have used the three-dimensional (3D) Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture system to study how p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1), which is an important regulator of the cytoskeleton, modulates branching. Our data reveal that Pak1 plays a crucial role in regulating branching morphogenesis. Expression of a dominant-negative Pak1 mutant (DN-Pak1) in MDCK cysts resulted in the spontaneous formation of extensions and branching tubules. Cellular contractility and levels of phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC) were increased in DN-Pak1 cells in collagen. Expression of a DN-Pak1 mutant that does not bind to PIX (DN-Pak1-ΔPIX) failed to form extensions in collagen and did not have increased contractility. This shows that the DN-Pak1 mutant requires PIX binding to generate extensions and increased contractility in 3D culture. Furthermore, a β1-integrin function-blocking antibody (AIIB2) inhibited the formation of branches and blocked the increased contractility in DN-Pak1 cysts. Taken together, our work shows that DN-Pak1-induced branching morphogenesis requires PIX binding and β1-integrin signaling.

Fabrication and characterization of egg white cryogel scaffold for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perumalsamy Balaji ◽  
Anbazhagan Murugadas ◽  
Sellathamby Shanmugaapriya ◽  
Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

scholarly journals Complex Activity and Short-term Memories in Reciprocally Connected Cerebral Organoids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Osaki ◽  
Yoshiho Ikeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Axonal Connections ◽  
Brain Organoid ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMacroscopic axonal connections in the human brain distribute information and neuronal activity across the brain. Although this complexity previously hindered elucidation of functional connectivity mechanisms, brain organoid technologies have recently provided novel avenues to investigate human brain function by constructing small segments of the brain in vitro. Here, we describe the neural activity of human cerebral organoids reciprocally connected by a bundle of axons. Compared to conventional organoids, connected organoids produced significantly more intense and complex oscillatory activity. Optogenetic manipulations revealed that the connected organoids could re-play and recapitulate over time temporal patterns found in external stimuli, indicating that the connected organoids were able to form and retain temporal memories. Our findings suggest that connected organoids may serve as powerful tools for investigating the roles of macroscopic circuits in the human brain – allowing researchers to dissect cellular functions in three-dimensional in vitro nervous system models in unprecedented ways.

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