Expression Pattern of 5-HT (Serotonin) Receptors during Normal Development of the Human Spinal Cord and Ganglia and in Fetus with Cervical Spina Bifida

The expression of 5-HT (serotonin) receptors (sr) was analyzed in the spinal cord and ganglia of 15 human conceptuses (5–10-weeks), and in the 9-week fetus with spina bifida. We used immunohistochemical method to detect sr-positive, apoptotic (caspase-3) and proliferating (Ki-67) cells, double immunofluorescence for co-localization with protein gene peptide (pgp) 9.5 and GFAP, as well as semiquantification and statistical measurements. Following the neurulation process, moderate (sr1 and sr2) and mild (sr3) expression characterized neuroblasts in the spinal cord and ganglia. During further development, sr1 expression gradually increased in the motoneurons, autonomic and sensory neurons, while sr2 and sr3 increased strongly in floor and roof plates. In the ganglia, sr3 expression increased during limited developmental period, while sr1 and sr2 increased throughout the investigated period. Co-expression of sr/pgp 9.5 characterized developing neurons, while sr/GFAP co-localized in the roof plate. In the spinal cord and ganglia of malformed fetus, weaker sr1 and sr2 and stronger sr3 expression accompanied morphological abnormalities. Anomalous roof plate morphology showed an excess of apoptotic and proliferating cells and increased sr3 expression. Our results indicate a human-species specific sr expression pattern, and the importance of sr1 in neuronal differentiation, and sr2 and sr3 in the control of the roof plate morphogenesis in normal and disturbed development.

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Developmental patterns of Ki-67, Oct-4 and α-tubulin proteins expression in the human spinal cord

Acta Histochemica ◽

10.1016/j.acthis.2013.11.015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 116 (4) ◽

pp. 619-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Katarina Vukojevic ◽

Tanja Janjic ◽

Mirna Saraga-Babic

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Developmental Patterns ◽

Human Spinal Cord

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Intramedullary sensory ganglion cells in the roof plate area of the embryonic human spinal cord

The Journal of Comparative Neurology ◽

10.1002/cne.900920304 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 333-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Tryphena Humphrey

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Ganglion Cells ◽

Sensory Ganglion ◽

Human Spinal Cord ◽

Roof Plate ◽

Plate Area

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Time course and expression pattern of the neuronal markers in the developing human spinal cord

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.02.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivana Restović ◽

Ivana Bočina ◽

Katarina Vukojević ◽

Darko Kero ◽

Natalija Filipović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Expression Pattern ◽

Time Course ◽

Neuronal Markers ◽

Human Spinal Cord

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Regional differences of proliferation activity in the spinal cord ependyma of adult rats

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-012-0027-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 397-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Juraj Blasko ◽

Marcela Martoncikova ◽

Kamila Lievajova ◽

Kamila Saganova ◽

Andrea Korimova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Central Canal ◽

Internal Source ◽

Proliferating Cells ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Proliferation Activity ◽

Spinal Cord Regions

AbstractIncreased proliferation activity in the central canal ependyma of adult rodent spinal cord was described after injury and is thought to participate in recovery processes. Proliferation activity is scarce under physiological conditions, but still could be of importance, as in vitro studies showed that the spinal cord ependyma is an internal source of neural stem cells. Data from these studies indicate that there are regional differences in the distribution of proliferation activity along the rostro-caudal axis. We analyzed the proliferation activities in the ependyma within the entire extent of intact adult rat spinal cord. To identify proliferating cells we performed immunohistochemistry either for cell cycle S-phase marker BrdU or for the nuclear protein Ki-67. BrdU and Ki-67 positive cells were counted on sections selected from four spinal cord regions — cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral/coccygeal. Analysis showed that the number of BrdU positive cells within the ependyma was very low in all subdivisions of the spinal cord. Both BrdU and Ki-67 labeling revealed a significantly higher number of proliferating cells in the ependyma of sacrococcygeal part in comparison to all other spinal cord regions, suggesting that the caudal spinal cord might have potentially higher regeneration capacity compared to more rostral parts.

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Effects of Haematopoietic Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation To The Chronically Injured Human Spinal Cord Evaluated By Motor and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials Methods

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.3727/096368911x633761 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

A., A. Frolov ◽

A., S. Bryukhovetskiy

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Evoked Potentials ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽

Human Spinal Cord

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The Telocytes in the Subepicardial Niche

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9081615 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1615 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cristian Bogdan Iancu ◽

Mugurel Constantin Rusu ◽

Laurenţiu Mogoantă ◽

Sorin Hostiuc ◽

Oana Daniela Toader

Keyword(s):

Stromal Cells ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Immunohistochemical Method ◽

Lymphatic Endothelial Cells ◽

Cell Type ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Epicardial Cells ◽

Immunohistochemical Evidence ◽

Unique Cell

A great interest has developed over the last several years in research on interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs), later renamed to telocytes (TCs). Such studies are restricted by diverse limitations. We aimed to critically review (sub)epicardial ICLCs/TCs and to bring forward supplemental immunohistochemical evidence on (sub)epicardial stromal niche inhabitants. We tested the epicardial expressions of CD117/c-kit, CD34, Cytokeratin 7 (CK7), Ki67, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR)-α and D2-40 in adult human cardiac samples. The mesothelial epicardial cells expressed D2-40, CK7, CD117/c-kit and PDGFR-α. Subepicardial D2-40-positive lymphatic vessels and isolated D2-40-positive and CK7-positive subepicardial cells were also found. Immediate submesothelial spindle-shaped cells expressed Ki-67. Submesothelial stromal cells and endothelial tubes were PDGFR-α-positive and CD34-positive. The expression of CD34 was pan-stromal, so a particular stromal cell type could not be distinguished. The stromal expression of CD117/c-kit was also noted. It seems that epicardial TCs could not be regarded as belonging to a unique cell type until (pre)lymphatic endothelial cells are inadequately excluded. Markers such as CD117/c-kit or CD34 seem to be improper for identifying TCs as a distinctive cell type. Care should be taken when using the immunohistochemical method and histological interpretations, as they may not produce accurate results.

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Tissue Ki67 proliferative index expression and pathological changes in hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae: Preliminary single-center results

The Journal of Vascular Access ◽

10.1177/11297298211015495 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112972982110154

Author(s):

Raffaella Mauro ◽

Cristina Rocchi ◽

Francesco Vasuri ◽

Alessia Pini ◽

Anna Laura Croci Chiocchini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Wall Thickening ◽

Proliferating Cells ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Set Up ◽

Group B

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis integrates outward remodeling with vessel wall thickening in response to drastic hemodynamic changes. Aim of this study is to determine the role of Ki67, a well-established proliferative marker, related to AVF, and its relationship with time-dependent histological morphologic changes. Materials and methods: All patients were enrolled in 1 year and stratified in two groups: (A) pre-dialysis patients submitted to first AVF and (B) patients submitted to revision of AVF. Morphological changes: neo-angiogenesis (NAG), myointimal thickening (MIT), inflammatory infiltrate (IT), and aneurysmatic fistula degeneration (AD). The time of AVF creation was recorded. A biopsy of native vein in Group A and of arterialized vein in Group B was submitted to histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. IHC for Ki67 was automatically performed in all specimens. Ki67 immunoreactivity was assessed as the mean number of positive cells on several high-power fields, counted in the hot spots. Results: A total of 138 patients were enrolled, 69 (50.0%) Group A and 69 (50.0%) Group B. No NAG or MIT were found in Group A. Seven (10.1%) Group A veins showed a mild MIT. Analyzing the Group B, a moderate-to-severe MIT was present in 35 (50.7%), IT in 19 (27.5%), NAG in 37 (53.6%); AD was present in 10 (14.5%). All AVF of Group B with the exception of one (1.4%) showed a positivity for Ki67, with a mean of 12.31 ± 13.79 positive cells/hot spot (range 0–65). Ki67-immunoreactive cells had a subendothelial localization in 23 (33.3%) cases, a myointimal localization in SMC in 35 (50.7%) cases. The number of positive cells was significantly correlated with subendothelial localization of Ki67 ( p = 0.001) and with NA ( p = 0.001). Conclusions: Native veins do not contain cycling cells. In contrast, vascular cell proliferation starts immediately after AVF creation and persists independently of the time the fistula is set up. The amount of proliferating cells is significantly associated with MIT and subendothelial localization of Ki67-immunoreactive cells, thus suggesting a role of Ki-67 index in predicting AVF failure.

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Multiple pathways for noxious information in the human spinal cord

Pain ◽

10.1016/j.pain.2006.03.009 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 123 (3) ◽

pp. 322-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Takeshi Tsuji ◽

Koji Inui ◽

Seiji Kojima ◽

Ryusuke Kakigi

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Human Spinal Cord

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Distribution of substance P in the spinal cord of patients with syringomyelia

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1996.84.6.0992 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 84 (6) ◽

pp. 992-998 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Thomas H. Milhorat ◽

Harrison T. M. Mu ◽

Carole C. LaMotte ◽

Ade T. Milhorat

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Substance P ◽

Dorsal Horn ◽

Ventral Horn ◽

Immunohistochemical Method ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Content Type ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Neurologically Normal ◽

Intermediolateral Nucleus

✓ The distribution of substance P, a putative neurotransmitter and pain-related peptide, was studied using the peroxidase—antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method in the spinal cords obtained from autopsy of 10 patients with syringomyelia and 10 age- and sex-matched, neurologically normal individuals. Substance P immunoreactivity was present in axons and in terminal-like processes in close apposition to neurons in the first, second, and third laminae of the dorsal horn. Smaller amounts of peroxidase-positive staining were found in the fifth lamina of the dorsal horn, the intermediolateral nucleus, the intermediomedial nucleus, and the ventral horn. In nine of 10 patients with syringomyelia, there was a substantial increase in substance P immunoreactivity in the first, second, third, and fifth laminae below the level of the lesion. A marked reduction or absence of staining was present in segments of the spinal cord occupied by the syrinx. Central cavities produced bilateral abnormalities, whereas eccentric cavities produced changes that were ipsilateral to the lesion. No alterations in staining were found in the spinal cord of an asymptomatic patient with a small central syrinx. The authors conclude that syringomyelia can be associated with abnormalities in spinal cord levels of substance P, which may affect the modulation and perception of pain.

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