A New Moving Kirchhoff-Love Plate Element for Dynamic Analysis of Vehicle-Pavement Interaction

A new moving Kirchhoff-Love plate element is developed in this work to accurately and efficiently calculate the dynamic response of vehicle-pavement interaction. Since the vehicle can only affect a small region nearby, the wide pavement is reduced to a small reduced plate area around the vehicle. The vehicle loads moving along an arbitrary trajectory is considered, and the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method is used here for coordinate conversion. The reduced plate area is spatially discretized using the current moving plate element, where its governing equations are derived using Lagrange's equations. The moving plate element is validated by different plate subjected to moving load cases, where the influences of different factors on reduced plate area length of the RBM model are also investigated. Then a vehicle-pavement interaction case with constant and variable speed is analyzed here. The calculation results from the moving plate element are in good agreement with those from the modal superposition method (MSM), and the calculation time with the moving plate element is only one third of that using the MSM. It is also found that the moving load velocity and ground damping have great influences on reduced plate area length of the RBM. The moving plate element is accurate and more efficient than the MSM in calculating the dynamic response of the vehicle-pavement interaction.

CRACK ANALYSIS OF CFRP REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS UNDER SECONDARY LOADING

The paper established the calculation formulas on the average crack spacing and the maximum crack width of CFRP（Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer）reinforced concrete beam under the secondary loading. Conversion of CFRP plate area into the reinforcement ratio of the reinforced beam, the calculation formula on the average crack spacing of CFRP reinforced concrete beam under the secondary loading was established. On basis of the calculation formula on the maximum crack width of concrete beam, the calculation formula on the maximum crack width of CFRP reinforced concrete beam under the secondary loading was established. The average crack spacing and the maximum crack width calculated by the formulas in the paper were compared with the test data, it was verified that the formula is correct.

A Brief Review on Radiant Cooling Panel with Different Chilled Water Pipe Configurations

Radiant cooling systems are commonly applied in commercial applications because of their energy-saving potential. This potential can be further enhanced by evaluating the cooling performance of the radiant cooling panel in terms of flow configurations. Although studies have been conducted on the flow configurations of the radiant cooling panel, the most suitable flow configurations have yet to be determined. The conventional serpentine flow configuration does not bring out the best cooling performance of the radiant cooling panel, therefore different flow configurations are still needed to be explored. This study conducted a quick literature review on the different radiant cooling systems as well as radiant cooling panel with different chilled water pipe configurations. The objective of this review is to provide a brief comparison of the performance of radiant cooling panel with different chilled water pipe configurations and to suggest further studies for the system development. The cooling characteristics and heat transfer of the panel are investigated by using numerical study. A comparison between the designs of flow configurations is presented. In all of the cases, the plate area and flow volume are fixed. Based on the findings obtained, applying a different chilled water pipe configuration on the radiant cooling panel will affect the flow uniformity and also the temperature distribution uniformity. An optimized flow configurations for the radiant cooling panel is important for enhancing the overall efficiency of the system.

Morphological and anatomical features of winter rye leaves development

Differences of rye varieties in the length of lamina and sheath 1 - 6 from spike of the lamina and leaf sheath, width and area of the lamina were shown. The highest values of the studied leaf parameters were peculiar to the alien varieties of winter rye. It was found that foreign varieties were characterized by a smaller proportion of the plate area of the three upper leaves and a larger proportion for the 4th and 5th leaves (in % of the total leaf plate area). A characteristic feature of the laminae of the upper two leaves of winter rye is the absence of trichomes, instead of them there are spines 12 µm long, which are located above the conductive bundles on the adaxial side of the lamina. Stomata were located on both sides of the leaf, but there were more of them on the adaxial side of the lamina, where they were arranged in one or two rows on the flanks of the conductive bundles. Strong sclerification of conductive bundles was noted. In the most developed conducting bundles, sclerenchyma fibers were observed on both sides of the leaf lamina. The presence of stomata at the leaf sheath on both adaxial and abaxial sides is revealed. It was shown that the contribution of each leaf of upper and middle phytomeres to the total leaf area of winter rye varieties under study is different, which is important to consider when assessing their importance in the photosynthetic potential of plants.

THE ASPECTS OF ALMG6 ALUMINIUM ALLOY DEFORMATION UNDER EXPLOSIVE WELDING

The paper presents the results of a study of the features of the deformation of the main plate made of AlMg6 in the process of explosion welding (with corrosion-resistant steel 08Cr18Ni10Ti). It was found that the end and edge sections of the main plate undergo severe deformation, as evidenced by the constructed maps of the distribution of residual deformations over the plate area. With an increase in the detonation velocity, an intensification of the deformation process occurs, which leads to the appearance of cracks and local spalling of plate fragments. In addition, the results of measurements of the elongation of the main plate showed that a noticeable longitudinal deformation of the plate begins approximately at a distance equal to 2/3 of the total length of the plate. The measured value of the beginning of elongation (240 ± 10 mm) with an accuracy of 95% converges with the calculated value (229 mm).

A Deep Learning Based Approach for Localization and Recognition of Pakistani Vehicle License Plates

License plate localization is the process of finding the license plate area and drawing a bounding box around it, while recognition is the process of identifying the text within the bounding box. The current state-of-the-art license plate localization and recognition approaches require license plates of standard size, style, fonts, and colors. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, license plates are non-standard and vary in terms of the characteristics mentioned above. This paper presents a deep-learning-based approach to localize and recognize Pakistani license plates with non-uniform and non-standardized sizes, fonts, and styles. We developed a new Pakistani license plate dataset (PLPD) to train and evaluate the proposed model. We conducted extensive experiments to compare the accuracy of the proposed approach with existing techniques. The results show that the proposed method outperformed the other methods to localize and recognize non-standard license plates.

Spinneret Image Region of Interest Segmentation Algorithm

In order to improve the accuracy of spinneret defect detection, a spinneret image region of interest segmentation algorithm is proposed for the problem that the complex background of spinneret image interferes seriously with the subsequent detection. The mask image is obtained by separating the fixed plate area and the spinneret wall area using the diffuse water filling method, and the minimum external circle and the maximum internal circle in the mask image are found using contour detection to obtain the mask image of the spinneret area, and then the spinneret area, i.e. the Region of Interest (ROI), is extracted. The experimental results show that this method can effectively separate the spinneret region and reduce the background interference.

Study on the Settlement Mechanism with Effect of Backfilling Method of an Underground Mine

The study on the subsidence of backfill mining block has been a concern of many scholars. A mechanical model of plate subsidence is established by studying the roof of a filling mining area in Luo Iron Mine in this paper. The boundary conditions are given, and the Navier method is used to solve the problem. Based on the thin plate model, the subsidence distribution map of the roof of the underground plate area is obtained. Based on the basic calculation parameters, the influence of a different foundation coefficient, mining depth, length-width ratio of plate area, elastic modulus of roof rock, and thickness of roof on the subsidence of roof is studied. According to the deflection calculation formula obtained, the expression of the internal force and stress is deduced, and the distribution of stress and shear stress on the upper and lower surfaces of the roof is analyzed. The dangerous area of the roof can be obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for the daily maintenance of mine safety.

Formation of a stable defects structure in silicon noise diodes

vThe possibilities and methods of creating a stable defective structure, including dislocation structure near the zones of p–n-transitions of silicon diodes of noise generators on plates with crystallographic orientations (111) and (001) have been investigated. The effective distribution control of uncontrolled impurities in monocrystalline silicon is achieved by forming a stable dislocation structure in its volume. In order to obtain the reproducible characteristics of noise generator diodes, it is necessary that the dislocation density be homogeneous throughout the plate area. Since the density of dislocations is slightly lower at the edge of the dislocation trail than in the middle, this means that the dislocation traces formed by the adjacent melting zones with the help of a laser beam should overlap. On the basis of experimental studies, it has been established that the necessary degree of uniformity of the density of defects generated is achieved by compliance with the condition of a = (1.5–5.0)d, where a is a step, d is a width of the laser spot on the wafer. The melting process was carried out in a nitrogen environment using a laser hettering unit. The real width of the melting zone turns out to be slightly larger than the diameter of the laser spot due to the thermal conductivity of the silicon and is about 10 μm. Increased dislocation generation on the Si3N4 inclusions, as opposed to dislocations on the Si–SiO2 border, leads to an additional expansion of the dislocation track at the work surface of the plate of noise diodes. The presence of the stable dislocation structure, as well as the presence of impurities and secondary metal atoms in the noise diodes ND 103L structure are confirmed by the secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) method. The results of the study have been tested at Corporation “INTEGRAL” (Belarus) and can be used in the manufacture of silicon noise diodes.

An Improved Stereo Matching Algorithm for Vehicle Speed Measurement System Based on Spatial and Temporal Image Fusion

This paper proposes an improved stereo matching algorithm for vehicle speed measurement system based on spatial and temporal image fusion (STIF). Firstly, the matching point pairs in the license plate area with obviously abnormal distance to the camera are roughly removed according to the characteristic of license plate specification. Secondly, more mismatching point pairs are finely removed according to local neighborhood consistency constraint (LNCC). Thirdly, the optimum speed measurement point pairs are selected for successive stereo frame pairs by STIF of binocular stereo video, so that the 3D points corresponding to the matching point pairs for speed measurement in the successive stereo frame pairs are in the same position on the real vehicle, which can significantly improve the vehicle speed measurement accuracy. LNCC and STIF can be used not only for license plate, but also for vehicle logo, light, mirror etc. Experimental results demonstrate that the vehicle speed measurement system with the proposed LNCC+STIF stereo matching algorithm can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art system in accuracy.