scholarly journals The CellBox-2 Mission to the International Space Station: Thyroid Cancer Cells in Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8777
Author(s):  
Daniela Melnik ◽  
Marcus Krüger ◽  
Herbert Schulz ◽  
Sascha Kopp ◽  
Markus Wehland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Multicellular Spheroids ◽  
International Space ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Cells

A spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS) is a dream of many researchers. We had the chance to investigate the effect of real microgravity (CellBox-2 Space mission) on the transcriptome and proteome of FTC-133 human follicular thyroid cancer cells (TCC). The cells had been sent to the ISS by a Falcon 9 rocket of SpaceX CRS-13 from Cape Canaveral (United States) and cultured in six automated hardware units on the ISS before they were fixed and returned to Earth. Multicellular spheroids (MCS) were detectable in all spaceflight hardware units. The VCL, PXN, ITGB1, RELA, ERK1 and ERK2 mRNA levels were significantly downregulated after 5 days in space in adherently growing cells (AD) and MCS compared with ground controls (1g), whereas the MIK67 and SRC mRNA levels were both suppressed in MCS. By contrast, the ICAM1, COL1A1 and IL6 mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in AD cells compared with 1g and MCS. The protein secretion measured by multianalyte profiling technology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AngiogenesisMAP®, extracellular matrix proteins) was not significantly altered, with the exception of elevated angiopoietin 2. TCC in space formed MCS, and the response to microgravity was mainly anti-proliferative. We identified ERK/RELA as a major microgravity regulatory pathway.

scholarly journals Changes in Exosome Release in Thyroid Cancer Cells after Prolonged Exposure to Real Microgravity in Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2132
Author(s):  
Petra M. Wise ◽  
Paolo Neviani ◽  
Stefan Riwaldt ◽  
Thomas Juhl Corydon ◽  
Markus Wehland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Cells

Space travel has always been the man’s ultimate destination. With the ability of spaceflight though, came the realization that exposure to microgravity has lasting effects on the human body. To counteract these, many studies were and are undertaken, on multiple levels. Changes in cell growth, gene, and protein expression have been described in different models on Earth and in space. Extracellular vesicles, and in particular exosomes, are important cell-cell communicators, being secreted from almost all the cells and therefore, are a perfect target to further investigate the underlying reasons of the organism’s adaptations to microgravity. Here, we studied supernatants harvested from the CellBox-1 experiment, which featured human thyroid cancer cells flown to the International Space Station during the SpaceX CRS-3 cargo mission. The initial results show differences in the number of secreted exosomes, as well as in the distribution of subpopulations in regards to their surface protein expression. Notably, alteration of their population regarding the tetraspanin surface expression was observed. This is a promising step into a new area of microgravity research and will potentially lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and pathways of cellular cross-talk.

Making Space for Islam: Religion, Science, and Politics in Contemporary Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren C. Zook
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
International Space ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
Cooperative Venture

In October 2007, Malaysia celebrated sending its first astronaut into space, as part of a cooperative venture on board a Russian space mission. As Malaysia's first astronaut was a Muslim, the Malaysian government commissioned, through its Department of Islamic Development, a project to create a definitive set of guidelines for the practice of Islam in outer space, specifically on board the International Space Station. What may on the surface appear to be a practical exercise in clarifying religious practice reveals upon closer examination to be a complex restructuring of Malaysia's domestic and international politics, with the role of Islam as the catalytic and somewhat controversial centerpiece.

Microbial Observatory Research in the International Space Station and Japanese Experiment Module “Kibo”

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Shirakawa ◽  
◽  
Fumiaki Tanigaki ◽  
Takashi Yamazaki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
International Space ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Experiment Module

The International Space Station (ISS) is a completely closed environment that offers a long-term microgravity environment. It is a unique environment where microbes can fly and attach themselves to devices or humans, especially the exposed parts of the body and head. The ongoing monitoring and analysis of microbes and their movement inside the Japanese Experiment Module (named “Kibo”) of the ISS are intended to study the effects of microbes on humans and prevent health hazards caused by microbes during a long-term space mission. This paper describes the current status and future plan of Japanese microbiological experiments to monitor microbial dynamics in Kibo. It also describes the future prospective and prioritized microbiological research areas based on the “Kibo utilization scenario towards 2020 in the field of life science.” Given the microbial research in space being actively conducted by the USA, NASA and international activities are also reported.

Spheroid formation of human thyroid cancer cells in an automated culturing system during the Shenzhou-8 Space mission

Biomaterials ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (31) ◽  
pp. 7694-7705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Pietsch ◽  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Markus Wehland ◽  
Ganna Aleshcheva ◽  
Achim Schwarzwälder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Spheroid Formation ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Cells

scholarly journals Changes in Exosomal miRNA Composition in Thyroid Cancer Cells after Prolonged Exposure to Real Microgravity in Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12841
Author(s):  
Petra M. Wise ◽  
Paolo Neviani ◽  
Stefan Riwaldt ◽  
Thomas J. Corydon ◽  
Markus Wehland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Real Microgravity ◽  
Technological Opportunities ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Cells

As much as space travel and exploration have been a goal since humankind looked up to the stars, the challenges coming with it are manifold and difficult to overcome. Therefore, researching the changes the human organism undergoes following exposure to weightlessness, on a cellular or a physiological level, is imperative to reach the goal of exploring space and new planets. Building on the results of our CellBox-1 experiment, where thyroid cancer cells were flown to the International Space Station, we are now taking advantage of the newest technological opportunities to gain more insight into the changes in cell–cell communication of these cells. Analyzing the exosomal microRNA composition after several days of microgravity might elucidate some of the proteomic changes we have reported earlier. An array scan of a total of 754 miRNA targets revealed more than 100 differentially expressed miRNAs in our samples, many of which have been implicated in thyroid disease in other studies.

scholarly journals Fighting Thyroid Cancer with Microgravity Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Krüger ◽  
Daniela Melnik ◽  
Sascha Kopp ◽  
Christoph Buken ◽  
Jayashree Sahana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Multicellular Spheroids ◽  
Microgravity Research ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Microgravity Conditions ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Cells

Microgravity in space or simulated by special ground-based devices provides an unusual but unique environment to study and influence tumour cell processes. By investigating thyroid cancer cells in microgravity for nearly 20 years, researchers got insights into tumour biology that had not been possible under normal laboratory conditions: adherently growing cancer cells detach from their surface and form three-dimensional structures. The cells included in these multicellular spheroids (MCS) were not only altered but behave also differently to those grown in flat sheets in normal gravity, more closely mimicking the conditions in the human body. Therefore, MCS became an invaluable model for studying metastasis and developing new cancer treatment strategies via drug targeting. Microgravity intervenes deeply in processes such as apoptosis and in structural changes involving the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix, which influence cell growth. Most interestingly, follicular thyroid cancer cells grown under microgravity conditions were shifted towards a less-malignant phenotype. Results from microgravity research can be used to rethink conventional cancer research and may help to pinpoint the cellular changes that cause cancer. This in turn could lead to novel therapies that will enhance the quality of life for patients or potentially develop new preventive countermeasures.

scholarly journals Methods for Evaluation of Cosmonaut Preparedness Level When Training Crews of the International Space Station

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Anatolievich Kuritsyn ◽  
Vladimir Ilyich Yaropolov ◽  
Aleksandr Andreyevich Kovinskiy ◽  
Vadim Anatolievich Kopnin ◽  
Irina Vladimirovna Kutnik
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Level ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
International Space ◽  
Performance Quality

The paper considers the methodical provisions for evaluation the crew’s training level for the space mission aboard the ISS that include: cosmonaut performance quality indicators, regulatory requirements for cosmonaut performance in the course of simulator-based training, methods for evaluation cosmonaut performance quality, and methods for evaluation the cosmonaut preparedness level.

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