scholarly journals Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Salinity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9326
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan ◽  
Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud ◽  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Farzana Nowroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense System

The generation of oxygen radicals and their derivatives, known as reactive oxygen species, (ROS) is a part of the signaling process in higher plants at lower concentrations, but at higher concentrations, those ROS cause oxidative stress. Salinity-induced osmotic stress and ionic stress trigger the overproduction of ROS and, ultimately, result in oxidative damage to cell organelles and membrane components, and at severe levels, they cause cell and plant death. The antioxidant defense system protects the plant from salt-induced oxidative damage by detoxifying the ROS and also by maintaining the balance of ROS generation under salt stress. Different plant hormones and genes are also associated with the signaling and antioxidant defense system to protect plants when they are exposed to salt stress. Salt-induced ROS overgeneration is one of the major reasons for hampering the morpho-physiological and biochemical activities of plants which can be largely restored through enhancing the antioxidant defense system that detoxifies ROS. In this review, we discuss the salt-induced generation of ROS, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense of plants under salinity.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanism of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Central Role of Glutathione in Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species and Methylglyoxal and in Heavy Metal Chelation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain ◽  
Pukclai Piyatida ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Masayuki Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Peroxidation Of Lipids ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glyoxalase System

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to hazardous effects in plants. A common consequence of HM toxicity is the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG), both of which can cause peroxidation of lipids, oxidation of protein, inactivation of enzymes, DNA damage and/or interact with other vital constituents of plant cells. Higher plants have evolved a sophisticated antioxidant defense system and a glyoxalase system to scavenge ROS and MG. In addition, HMs that enter the cell may be sequestered by amino acids, organic acids, glutathione (GSH), or by specific metal-binding ligands. Being a central molecule of both the antioxidant defense system and the glyoxalase system, GSH is involved in both direct and indirect control of ROS and MG and their reaction products in plant cells, thus protecting the plant from HM-induced oxidative damage. Recent plant molecular studies have shown that GSH by itself and its metabolizing enzymes—notably glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II—act additively and coordinately for efficient protection against ROS- and MG-induced damage in addition to detoxification, complexation, chelation and compartmentation of HMs. The aim of this review is to integrate a recent understanding of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of HM-induced plant stress response and tolerance based on the findings of current plant molecular biology research.

scholarly journals Regulation on Antioxidant Defense System in Rice Seedlings (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica cv. ‘Pathumthani 1’) Under Salt Stress by Paclobutrazol Foliar Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-377
Author(s):  
Bundit KHUNPON ◽  
Suriyan CHA-UM ◽  
Bualuang FAIYUE ◽  
Jamnong UTHAIBUTRA ◽  
Kobkiat SAENGNIL
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Rice Seedlings

The present study investigated the effect of paclobutrazol (PBZ) foliar application on oxidative metabolism in salt-stressed rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘Pathumthani 1’; PTT1) seedlings. Fourteen-days-old rice seedlings, grown in the pots were pretreated with 15 mg L-1 paclobutrazol supplied as foliar spray. One week after pretreatment, the rice seedlings were exposed to salt stress (150 mM NaCl) for 12 days. It was observed that salinity enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide radical (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH·). It also increased reactive oxygen species-associated oxidative damage, measured in terms of lipoxygenase activity, conjugated dienes, malondialdehyde content and relative electrolyte leakage. Increase in these parameters was associated with the decrease in the activity of enzymatic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)] and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants [ascorbic acid (AsA), total glutathione and α-tocopherol contents). Pretreatment of seedlings with paclobutrazol significantly lowered reactive oxygen species accumulation and membrane damage (p < 0.05), which can be correlated with the increased antioxidant activity (both enzymatic and non-enzymatic traits) under salt stress. The study concluded that paclobutrazol-treatment up-regulates the antioxidant defense system and recuperates the salt-induced oxidative damage in ‘Pathumthani 1’ rice seedlings under salt stress.

scholarly journals Biostimulants for the Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism in Plants under Abiotic Stress

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2537
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
Kirti Bardhan ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Taufika Islam Anee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Multiple Stress

Global food security for a growing population with finite resources is often challenged by multiple, simultaneously occurring on-farm abiotic stresses (i.e., drought, salinity, low and high temperature, waterlogging, metal toxicity, etc.) due to climatic uncertainties and variability. Breeding for multiple stress tolerance is a long-term solution, though developing multiple-stress-tolerant crop varieties is still a challenge. Generation of reactive oxygen species in plant cells is a common response under diverse multiple abiotic stresses which play dual role of signaling molecules or damaging agents depending on concentration. Thus, a delicate balance of reactive oxygen species generation under stress may improve crop health, which depends on the natural antioxidant defense system of the plants. Biostimulants represent a promising type of environment-friendly formulation based on natural products that are frequently used exogenously to enhance abiotic stress tolerance. In this review, we illustrate the potential of diverse biostimulants on the activity of the antioxidant defense system of major crop plants under stress conditions and their other roles in the management of abiotic stresses. Biostimulants have the potential to overcome oxidative stress, though their wider applicability is tightly regulated by dose, crop growth stage, variety and type of biostimulants. However, these limitations can be overcome with the understanding of biostimulants’ interaction with ROS signaling and the antioxidant defense system of the plants.

scholarly journals Exogenous Tebuconazole and Trifloxystrobin Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism Toward Mitigating Salt-Induced Damages in Cucumber Seedling

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohsin ◽  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
M. Bhuyan ◽  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
Masayuki Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

The present study investigated the role of tebuconazole (TEB) and trifloxystrobin (TRI) on cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Tokiwa) under salt stress (60 mM NaCl). The cucumber plants were grown semi-hydroponically in a glasshouse. Plants were exposed to two different doses of fungicides (1.375 µM TEB + 0.5 µM TRI and 2.75 µM TEB + 1.0 µM TRI) solely and in combination with NaCl (60 mM) for six days. The application of salt phenotypically deteriorated the cucumber plant growth that caused yellowing of the whole plant and significantly destructed the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids. The oxidative damage was created under salinity by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and electrolytic leakage (EL) resulting in the disruption of the antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, in the leaves, stems, and roots of cucumber plants increased Na+ content was observed under salt stress, whereas the K+/Na+ ratio and contents of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ decreased. In contrast, the exogenous application of TEB and TRI reduced the contents of MDA, H2O2, and EL by improving the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In addition, ion homeostasis was regulated by reducing Na+ uptake and enhanced K+ accumulation and the K+/Na+ ratio after application of TEB and TRI. Therefore, this study indicates that the exogenous application of TEB and TRI enhanced salt tolerance in cucumber plants by regulating reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defense systems.

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