scholarly journals Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis Impairs Mucosal Homeostasis by Modulating Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9474
Author(s):  
Ling Wei ◽  
Xue-Sen Wen ◽  
Cory J. Xian
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Mucosal Regeneration ◽  
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Intestinal Mucositis ◽  
Mucosal Homeostasis ◽  
Care Costs

Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis, a painful debilitating condition affecting up to 40–100% of patients undergoing chemotherapy, can reduce the patients’ quality of life, add health care costs and even postpone cancer treatment. In recent years, the relationships between intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and mucositis have drawn much attention in mucositis research. Chemotherapy can shape intestinal microbiota, which, in turn, can aggravate the mucositis through toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, leading to an increased expression of inflammatory mediators and elevated epithelial cell apoptosis but decreased epithelial cell differentiation and mucosal regeneration. This review summarizes relevant studies related to the relationships of mucositis with chemotherapy regimens, microbiota, TLRs, inflammatory mediators, and intestinal homeostasis, aiming to explore how gut microbiota affects the pathogenesis of mucositis and provides potential new strategies for mucositis alleviation and treatment and development of new therapies.

scholarly journals Bifidobacteria may be beneficial to intestinal microbiota and reduction of bacterial translocation in mice following ischaemia and reperfusion injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 1990-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honggang Wang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Lugen Zuo ◽  
Weiming Zhu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Ischaemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of peroral bifidobacteria on the intestinal microbiota, barrier function and bacterial translocation (BT) in a mouse model of ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. A total of twenty-four male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) sham-operated, (2) I/R and (3) I/R injury and bifidobacteria pretreatment (109colony-forming units/d). Bifidobacteria were administered daily intragastrically for 2 weeks before induction of I/R. Subsequently, samples of caecal content, intestinal mucosa, ileal segments, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and distant organs (liver, spleen and kidney) were prepared for examination. In the I/R model, barrier dysfunction (caecal microbiota dysbiosis, disruption of tight junction (TJ), increased epithelial cell apoptosis, disruption of mucosa and multiple erosions) in the intestine was observed, associated with increased BT to extraintestinal sites. The ratio of BT to MLN and distant organs in mice exposed to I/R injury was 62·5 %, which was significantly higher than the sham-operated group. However, pretreatment of animals with bifidobacteria prevented I/R-induced BT, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release, the levels of endotoxin, intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, disruption of TJ and increased the concentration of SCFA, resulting in recovered microbiota and mucosal integrity. Bifidobacteria may be beneficial in reducing BT in I/R injury of mice. Therefore, peroral administration of bifidobacteria is a potential strategy to prevent I/R-induced BT and intestinal barrier dysfunction.

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