scholarly journals Hypoparathyroidism: State of the Art on Cell and Tissue Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10272
Author(s):  
Francesca Miglietta ◽  
Gaia Palmini ◽  
Francesca Giusti ◽  
Simone Donati ◽  
Cinzia Aurilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tissue Therapy

Hypoparathyroidism is an endocrine disorder characterized by low serum calcium levels, high serum phosphorus levels, and by inappropriate or absent secretion of the parathyroid hormone (PTH). The most common therapeutic strategy to treat this condition is hormone replacement therapy with calcium and vitamin D but, unfortunately, in the long term this treatment may not be sufficient to compensate for the loss of endocrine function. Glandular autotransplantation is considered the most effective technique in place of replacement therapy. Although it leads to excellent results in most cases, autotransplantation is not always possible. Allograft is a good way to treat patients who have not been able to undergo autograft, but this technique has limited success due to side effects related to tissue rejection. This therapy is supported by systemic immunosuppression, which leads to the onset of serious side effects in patients, with a risk of endocrine toxicity. Today, research on endocrine disorders is focused on discovering alternative graft therapies that can allow optimal results with the fewest possible side effects. In this review, we will make an update on the current state of the art about the cell and tissue therapy as treatment for hypoparathyroidism, to identify which type of therapeutic strategy could be valid for a future clinical use.

scholarly journals Endocrine Dysfunction in Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Review with Special Reference to GH

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Burman ◽  
E. Martin Ritzén ◽  
Ann Christin Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction

Abstract Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder occurring in 1 in 10,000–16,000 live-born infants. In the general population, approximately 60 people in every 1,000,000 are affected. The condition is characterized by short stature, low lean body mass, muscular hypotonia, mental retardation, behavioral abnormalities, dysmorphic features, and excessive appetite with progressive obesity. Furthermore, morbidity and mortality are high, probably as a result of gross obesity. Most patients have reduced GH secretory capacity and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, suggesting hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. Replacement of GH and/or sex hormones may therefore be beneficial in Prader-Willi syndrome, and several clinical trials have now evaluated GH replacement therapy in affected children. Results of GH treatment have been encouraging: improved growth, increased lean body mass, and reduced fat mass. There was also some evidence of improvements in respiratory function and physical activity. The long-term benefits of GH treatment are, however, still to be established. Similarly, the role of sex hormone replacement therapy needs to be clarified as few data exist on its efficacy and potential benefits. In summary, Prader-Willi syndrome is a disabling condition associated with GH deficiency and hypogonadism. More active treatment of these endocrine disorders is likely to benefit affected individuals.

scholarly journals Hormone replacement therapy use in UK general practice: Duration, discontinuation and women’s experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pippa Anderson ◽  
Caroline O’Leary ◽  
Margaret Moffat ◽  
Xuemei Luo
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Type

Objective Investigate characteristics of women treated with combined estrogen and progestogen hormone replacement therapy (study-HRT); HRT patterns; reasons and outcomes associated with HRT discontinuation. Study design Retrospective observational study using The Health Improvement Network database examining women’s characteristics and treatment patterns (Database). Postal questionnaire exploring reasons and outcomes associated with HRT discontinuation (Survey). Main outcome measures Database: Demographic and clinical characteristics. HRT patterns, time from diagnosis to treatment, duration of treatment, type of treatment and change of treatment (switch, add-on, re-start and discontinuation). Survey: HRT therapy status, menopause rating scale and reasons for discontinuation. Results Database: 8968 women prescribed study-HRT between January 2006 and January 2010 were matched 1:1 on GP practice and age with women not prescribed HRT. Women prescribed study-HRT were more likely to be a current/past smoker ( p<0.05) and experienced higher levels of co-morbidities related to menopause ( p < 0.05) versus women not prescribed HRT. Treatment duration was approximately 14 months and 95% changed treatment during the study. Survey: 116 respondents. Women on HRT had lower MRS scores ( p < 0.05) than women who discontinued HRT. Main reasons for discontinuation were medical advice, side-effects/potential side-effects. Fear of breast cancer was also stated as a reason. Conclusions Duration of HRT was relatively short, with 95% of women changing treatment. HRT discontinuation was associated with more severe menopause symptoms. Medical advice and concerns about side-effects were major reasons for the discontinuation, suggesting that there was a need for a balanced dialogue with women about risks and benefits of HRT, as emphasised by NICE guidance.

Current state of the art for renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Bagshaw ◽  
Michael Darmon ◽  
Marlies Ostermann ◽  
Fredric O. Finkelstein ◽  
Ron Wald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals Adverse effects of growth hormone replacement therapy in children

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Moutinho Souza ◽  
Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Cell Multiplication ◽  
Benign Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Jakob Disease

Human growth hormone (hGH) replacement therapy has been widely available for clinical purposes for more than fifty years. Starting in 1958, hGH was obtained from cadaveric pituitaries, but in 1985 the association between hGH therapy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was reported. In the same year, the use of recombinant hGH (rhGH) was approved. Side effects of rhGH replacement therapy in children and adolescents include rash and pain at injection site, transient fever, prepubertal gynecomastia, arthralgia, edema, benign intracranial hypertension, insulin resistance, progression of scoliosis, and slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Since GH stimulates cell multiplication, development of neoplasms is a concern. We will review the side effects reported in all rhGH indications.

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