scholarly journals Vitamin D and COVID-19: An Overview of Recent Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10559
Author(s):  
Drishti Ghelani ◽  
Simon Alesi ◽  
Aya Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has progressed rapidly from an outbreak to a global pandemic, with new variants rapidly emerging. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection, can lead to multiorgan damage. Due to the extremely contagious and fatal nature of the virus, it has been a priority of medical research to find effective means of treatment. Amid this search, the role of vitamin D in modulating various aspects of the innate and adaptive immune system has been discussed. This review aims to consolidate the research surrounding the role of vitamin D in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. While there are some conflicting results reported, the consensus is that vitamin D has a host of immunomodulatory effects which may be beneficial in the context of COVID-19 and that low levels of vitamin D can result in dysfunction of crucial antimicrobial effects, potentially contributing to poor prognosis. Studies also show that the effects of low vitamin D can be mitigated via supplementation, although the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of COVID-19 remain controversial.

The roles of vitamin D in increasing the body's immunity and reducing injuries due to viral infections: With an emphasis on its possible role in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Aleebrahim-Dehkordi ◽  
Niloofar Deravi ◽  
Shirin Yaghoobpoor ◽  
Dariush Hooshyar ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family

Background: It is known that Vitamin D can increase the body’s immunity against some viral infections. Many people around the world have vitamin D deficiency and, therefore, this has become a public concern whether vitamin D is an important factor protecting against COVID-19 infection. In this paper, the data about the roles of vitamin D on immunity and recovery from viral infections, especially novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is reviewed. Methods: The electronic databases of Pubmed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Excerpta Media Database (EMBASE) and Medical and Health Education (Medrix) were searched. Results: Vitamin D is considered an important factor in immune homeostasis. Various effects have been considered for this nutrient on the immune system, particularly because of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Cytochrome P450 Family 27 Subfamily B Member 1 (CYP27B1) expression in most of the immune cells. Vitamin D can raise cellular immunity, reduce cytokine storm and enhance antioxidants production. It also has modulatory effects on Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and might have protective functions against acute lung injuries, including COVID-19 infection. However, there are some articles against this positive effect. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation is reported to be effective in the enhancement of the immune system and might be effective in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 infection, especially in those with its deficiency. However, it should be considered that vitamin D deficiency shows the overall health status of the patients and cannot be considered specific for COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Role of immersive technologies in healthcare education during the COVID-19 epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Matthew Pears ◽  
Marina Yiasemidou ◽  
Mohamed A Ismail ◽  
Domenico Veneziano ◽  
Chandra Shekhar Biyani
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Education ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Future Technologies ◽  
Future Consequences

The unparalleled epidemic of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), during early December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic, became a matter of grave concern. The pandemic presented a unique challenge to government agencies worldwide. The paucity of resources and lack of knowledges to manage the pandemic, coupled with the fear of future consequences has established the need for adoption of emerging and future technologies to address the upcoming challenges. With introduction of measures to control the pandemic, trainees will see a dramatic decline in their in-person exposure to all aspects of their education, with no clear endpoint. This presents an extreme challenge for educators and, given the rapidly evolving situation, there have not yet been training authorities recommendations. We propose several innovative solutions to deliver medical education while maintaining the safety of residents and educators.

Role of Homeopathy in Epidemics: Paving Way for a Plausible Solution in the Management of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
Abhijit Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Hygienic Measure ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractThe emergence and spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Wuhan, China, has become a global threat. The high infectivity and drastic outcomes have made this a paramount health concern. Effective therapy or vaccine to arrest the progress has still not been proved. Homeopathy has a long reputation and evidence of intervening in several epidemic situations, notably the recent influenza. Symptoms-based personalised approach makes it more precise to treat patients. The symptom complex presented by several patients suffering from the COVID-19 can help to select the genus epidemicus, one or few medicine/s to treat and prevent the epidemic. A proper hygienic measure and medication are sufficient to manage a large number of cases with mild symptoms. Severe cases with or without complications are an important concern and need critical management. A significant body of literature justifies the consideration of homeopathy in this situation. A conceptual framework may be drawn to integrate homeopathy with standard therapy to find a better treatment plan. Keeping the symptoms and existing evidence in consideration, some medicines may be proposed for further trials, treatment and prevention plan.

scholarly journals COVID-19: the older adult and the importance of vitamin D sufficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M. O'Shea ◽  
Tomás P. Griffin ◽  
Michelle Brennan ◽  
Eamon C. Mulkerrin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Response ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

Abstract In December 2019, in Wuhan, China, the novel coronavirus ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome 2’ (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered as the cause of a pneumonia-like illness and subsequently named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 spread and is now a global pandemic. With few exceptions, countries in the Northern hemisphere have higher mortality rates from COVID-19. This may be due to an increased prevalence of older people in Northern Europe at higher risk of having cardio-pulmonary and metabolic comorbidities as well as hypovitaminosis D. With increasing age, immunosenescence and ‘inflammaging’ lead to impaired and maladaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infections, contributing to the enhanced prevalence of severe COVID-19 in older patients. The association of ageing with increased vitamin D deficiency, which is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and disease and worse prognosis in COVID-19 infection, is discussed. Considerable experimental evidence demonstrates the immuno-modulatory properties of vitamin D, in particular, its role in regulating and suppressing the inflammatory cytokine response to viral respiratory infections links the importance of vitamin D sufficiency as a potential protective factor in COVID-19. There is an urgent need for prospective randomised studies to examine whether hypovitaminosis D correlates with severity of COVID-19 disease and the actual benefit of repletion. Moreover, given what has been described as a ‘pandemic of vitamin D deficiency’, especially in Europe, and in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 contagion, the authors support the call for public health doctors and physicians, with support from Governments, to prioritise and strengthen recommendations on vitamin D intake and supplementation.

Are Adequate Vitamin D Levels Helpful in Fighting COVID-19? A Look at the Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 775-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koh Huilin ◽  
Veeraraghavan Meyyur Aravamudan ◽  
Jaime Hui Xian Lin ◽  
Caroline Wei Shan Hoong ◽  
Sanda Cho
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

AbstractCOVID-19 is a global pandemic with high mortality in vulnerable groups. Given the current lack of definitive treatment or vaccine that significantly reduces mortality rate, governments, researchers and healthcare providers are racing to find possible solutions to the crisis. Vitamin D and its analogues have been previously studied for their non-skeletal benefits. In particular, questions regarding their role in the modulation of immunity have re-surfaced, in view of possible epidemiological links observed between COVID-19 and vitamin D levels in selected populations. In this review, we highlight potential mechanisms and summarise the evidence for and against the potential role of vitamin D supplementation in our fight against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Pathogenesis and Severity of COVID-19 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghavideldarestani ◽  
Maryam Honardoost ◽  
Mohammad E. Khamseh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Increased Risk

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus which causes respiratory illness. Older adults and people who have previous chronic medical conditions are at higher risk for more serious complications from COVID-19.Hypovitaminosis D is attributed to the increased risk of lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as well as diabetes, Cardiovascular event and associated comorbidities, which are the main causes of severe clinical problem in COVID-19 patients. Considering the protective role of vitamin D through modulating the innate and adaptive immune system as well as inhibition of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS), vitamin D supplementation might boost the immune system of COVID-19 patients and reduce severity of the disease in vitamin D deficient individuals.

scholarly journals The role of Vitamin D in the prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection and mortality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petre Cristian Ilie ◽  
Simina Stefanescu ◽  
Lee Smith
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background/Aims: WHO declared SARS-Cov-2 a global pandemic. The aims of this paper are to assess if there is any association between mean levels of vitamin D in various countries and cases respectively mortality caused by COVID-19.Methods: We have identified the mean levels of vitamin D for 20 Europeans Countries for which we have also got the data regarding the morbidity and mortality caused by COVID-19.Results: The mean level of vitamin D (average 56mmol/L, STDEV 10.61) in each country was strongly associated with the number of cases/1M (mean 295.95, STDEV 298.73 p=0.004, respectively with the mortality/1M (mean 5.96, STDEV 15.13, p < 0.00001).Discussion: Vitamin D levels are severely low in the aging population especially in Spain, Italy and Switzerland. This is also the most vulnerable group of population for COVID-19.Conclusions: We believe, that we can advise Vitamin D supplementation to protect against SARS-CoV2 infection.

The role of vitamin D in metabolic and reproductive disturbances of polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative mini-review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniela Menichini ◽  
Gianpiero Forte ◽  
Beatrice Orrù ◽  
Giuseppe Gullo ◽  
Vittorio Unfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Beneficial Role

Abstract. Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role in several metabolic and reproductive pathways in humans. Increasing evidence supports the role of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indeed, supplementation with vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on insulin resistance and endometrial receptivity. On the other hand, exceedingly high levels of vitamin D appear to play a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. In the current review, we summarize the available evidence about the topic, aiming to suggest the best supplementation strategy in women with PCOS or, more generally, in those with metabolic disturbances and infertility. Based on the retrieved data, vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on IR, insulin sensitivity and endometrial receptivity, but high levels and incorrect timing of administration seem to have a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. Therefore, we encourage a low dose supplementation (400–800 IU/day) particularly in vitamin D deficient women that present metabolic disturbances like PCOS. As far as the reproductive health, we advise vitamin D supplementation in selected populations, only during specific moments of the ovarian cycle, to support the luteal phase. However, ambiguities about dosage and timing of the supplementation still emerge from the clinical studies published to date and further studies are required.

The Role of Physical Exercise and Diet in management of Medoroga (STHAULYA) Reference Novel Coronavirus Covid 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1585-1592
Author(s):  
Roshna Sukhdeoji Bhutada
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Physical Movement ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Exercise Routine ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
General Wellbeing

Nowadays, due to Covid-19 pandemic circumstance, numerous individuals are Staying from home. Understudy is additionally concern with the online class from home, because of which all physical movement of all individual has been stopped. Medoroga is one of the dominating metabolic problems and driving reason for mortality. Numerous patients with Covid infection 2019 (COVID-19) have identified with the metabolic disorder during the lockdown. The general wellbeing proposes (Work from Home, requests, gyms, terminations of garden and wellness focuses) to forestall Covid-19 spread can possibly decrease day by day physical movement. Ideas of Agni, Prakriti, strategy for victualing ought to be given equivalent consideration while choosing ones dietary and exercise routine to turn away/control Medoroga (STHAULYA). Organizing of diet is generally important to support insusceptibility. According to numerous investigates to give valuable pabulum which contains Zinc, Vitamin C, Vitamin D and invulnerability. It is practically equivalent to Medoroga referenced in Ayurveda compositions. Strick likeness outwardly inspected in both customary arrangement of medication and Ayurveda while portraying its causative components, outcomes and preventive part of exercise and diet in its administration. Striking is outwardly analyzed in both Traditional arrangements of medication and Ayurveda depicting its causative factors, and preventive capacity of movement and diet in its pandemic Covid-19.

SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.

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