scholarly journals New Frontiers in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Concerns and Remedies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13380
Author(s):  
Polina Klimovich ◽  
Kseniya Rubina ◽  
Veronika Sysoeva ◽  
Ekaterina Semina
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Regeneration ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Cell Migration And Proliferation ◽  
Serious Injuries

Topical advances in studying molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for regeneration in the peripheral nervous system have highlighted the ability of the nervous system to repair itself. Still, serious injuries represent a challenge for the morphological and functional regeneration of peripheral nerves, calling for new treatment strategies that maximize nerve regeneration and recovery. This review presents the canonical view of the basic mechanisms of nerve regeneration and novel data on the role of exosomes and their transferred microRNAs in intracellular communication, regulation of axonal growth, Schwann cell migration and proliferation, and stromal cell functioning. An integrated comprehensive understanding of the current mechanistic underpinnings will open the venue for developing new clinical strategies to ensure full regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.

A Bioactive Peptide Grafted Scaffold for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Masand ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Melitta Schachner ◽  
David I. Shreiber
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Mechanical Support ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Fibrous Scar Tissue

Despite this innate regenerative potential of the peripheral nervous system, functional recovery often remains incomplete, especially as the severity of injury increases. This has been attributed to a number of sources including the ingrowth of fibrous scar tissue, lack of mechanical support for emerging neurites, and the malrouted reinnervation of neurites towards inappropriate targets. While research in the field is broad, it is generally accepted that an optimal nerve guidance conduit to encourage regeneration should include both biological and mechanical support for emerging neurites and glia.

scholarly journals The Role of Dietary Nutrients in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7417
Author(s):  
Marwa El Soury ◽  
Benedetta Elena Fornasari ◽  
Giacomo Carta ◽  
Federica Zen ◽  
Kirsten Haastert-Talini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Satisfactory Outcome ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Correct Function ◽  
Motorcycle Accidents

Peripheral nerves are highly susceptible to injuries induced from everyday activities such as falling or work and sport accidents as well as more severe incidents such as car and motorcycle accidents. Many efforts have been made to improve nerve regeneration, but a satisfactory outcome is still unachieved, highlighting the need for easy to apply supportive strategies for stimulating nerve growth and functional recovery. Recent focus has been made on the effect of the consumed diet and its relation to healthy and well-functioning body systems. Normally, a balanced, healthy daily diet should provide our body with all the needed nutritional elements for maintaining correct function. The health of the central and peripheral nervous system is largely dependent on balanced nutrients supply. While already addressed in many reviews with different focus, we comprehensively review here the possible role of different nutrients in maintaining a healthy peripheral nervous system and their possible role in supporting the process of peripheral nerve regeneration. In fact, many dietary supplements have already demonstrated an important role in peripheral nerve development and regeneration; thus, a tailored dietary plan supplied to a patient following nerve injury could play a non-negotiable role in accelerating and promoting the process of nerve regeneration.

scholarly journals Translational strategies in peripheral neuroinflammation and neurovascular repair

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eroboghene Ubogu
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Current Therapies

AbstractCurrent therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory disorders in peripheral nerves are non-specific, and partly efficacious. Peripheral nerve regeneration following axonal degeneration or injury is suboptimal, with current therapies focused on modulating the underlying etiology and treating the consequences, such as neuropathic pain and weakness. Despite significant advances in understanding mechanisms of peripheral nerve inflammation, as well as axonal degeneration and regeneration, there has been limited translation into effective new drugs for these disorders. A major limitation in the field has been the unavailability of reliable disease models or research tools that mimic some key essential features of these human conditions. A relatively overlooked aspect of peripheral nerve regeneration has been neurovascular repair required to restore the homeostatic microenvironment necessary for normal function. Using Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) as examples of human acute and chronic immune-mediated peripheral neuroinflammatory disorders respectively, we have performed detailed studies in representative mouse models to demonstrate essential features of the human disorders. These models are important tools to develop and test treatment strategies using realistic outcomes measures applicable to affected patients. In vitro models of the human blood-nerve barrier using endothelial cells derived by endoneurial microvessels provide insights into pro-inflammatory leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions relevant to peripheral neuroinflammation, as well as potential mediators and signaling pathways required for vascular proliferation, angiogenesis, remodeling and tight junction specialization necessary to restore peripheral nerve function following injury. This review discusses some of the progress being made in translational peripheral neurobiology and some future

scholarly journals Plasticity of the nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Nelson Annunciato ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Recovery Mechanisms

This review presents evidence for possible recovery mechanisms after various forms of lesion in the central and peripheral nervous system. Implications for treatment strategies for patients with oral myofunctional disorders are discussed.

Cancer Drug Delivery

2016 ◽  
pp. 52-95
Author(s):  
Jai N. Patel ◽  
Jeryl Villadolid
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Cancer Drug Delivery

Advancements in cancer drug delivery have led to the development of personalized oncology care through molecularly-driven targeted therapies. Understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms which drive tumor progression and resistance is critical in managing new treatment strategies which have shifted from empiric to biomarker-directed therapy selection. Biomarker-directed therapies have improved clinical outcomes in multiple malignancies as monotherapy and in combination with other treatment modalities, however the changing scope of treatment options presents new opportunities and challenges for research. Furthermore, pharmacogenetics may provide a rationale method of personalizing anticancer drug dosing and supportive care management for oncology patients. This chapter reviews biomarker classifications and pharmacogenetics in anticancer therapy and supportive care. Examples of biomarker-directed therapies and clinical assays, in addition to future directions of molecular profiling in oncology therapy management are discussed.

Central versus peripheral nervous system regeneration: is there an exception for cranial nerves?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R Echternacht ◽  
Miranda A Chacon ◽  
Jonathan I Leckenby
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Cns Regeneration

There exists a dichotomy in regenerative capacity between the PNS and CNS, which poses the question – where do cranial nerves fall? Through the discussion of the various cells and processes involved in axonal regeneration, we will evaluate whether the assumption that cranial nerve regeneration is analogous to peripheral nerve regeneration is valid. It is evident from this review that much remains to be clarified regarding both PNS and CNS regeneration. Furthermore, it is not clear if cranial nerves follow the PNS model, CNS model or possess an alternative novel regenerative process altogether. Future research should continue to focus on elucidating how cranial nerves regenerate; and the various cellular interactions, molecules and pathways involved.

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