Experimental Attempt on Walking Behavior and Stress Assessment in a Completely Darkened Tunnel

In case of massive fire incidents in tunnels, ceiling lights are covered by dense smoke, and pedestrians must evacuate in the dark tunnel with almost zero visibility. Nonetheless, the walking behavior in a completely darkened tunnel has not been clarified. In this study, we experimentally attempted to investigate the evacuation loci and assess the stress of evacuees by measuring oxytocin and cortisol concentrations in saliva, heart rates, blood pressures, and responses in a survey questionnaire for a full-scale tunnel. Results indicated few differences in both one- and two-dimensional walking speed. In terms of stress, the group of subjects who felt stress demonstrated a walking speed that is 0.17 m/s slower than the group that did not feel it. In the questionnaire survey, most of the subjects answered that the wall was the most helpful item, followed by the unevenness (bumps) on the white lines on the road. One of the subjects became lost, stating that she could not find the unevenness (bumps) on the white lines. These two factors can be rational guides in a dense smoke environment or a completely dark tunnel scenario.

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Enhanced Motorcycle Visibility through Use of Motorcycle Conspicuity Enhancement System

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129503901518 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 39 (15) ◽

pp. 1048-1052 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alison G. Vredenburgh ◽

H. Harvey Cohen

Keyword(s):

Human Performance ◽

Second Phase ◽

Chi Square ◽

Vehicle Accidents ◽

The Road ◽

Third Phase ◽

Two Factors ◽

On The Road ◽

Motorcycle Accidents ◽

Design And Testing

The most common cause of motorcycle accidents is the violation of the motorcyclist's right-of-way by another vehicle driver. There are two factors in the causation of multi-vehicle accidents involving motorcycles. The first factor concerns design and the second factor involves human performance capabilities. The purpose of this study is to design and test a Motorcycle Conspicuity Enhancement System (MCES) by using a similar methodology as that used by Ramsey and Brinkley (1977) who tested various daytime conspicuity enhancement devices. The following study uses a similar method as that used in the 1977 study. Several phases are required to complete the design and testing of the MCES. First, a device that can be used for testing in the next phases was developed. In the second phase, the device in configured; and finally, in the third phase, it will be tested on the road. A motorcycle and driver will be positioned on a side street perpendicular to the traffic flow. During one hour test periods, the MCES will be mounted and operating for 30 minutes and then dismounted for 30 minutes. Variance and Chi-square analyses will be used.

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Levels of processing during non-conscious perception: a critical review of visual masking

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2007.2093 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 362 (1481) ◽

pp. 857-875 ◽

Cited By ~ 384

Author(s):

Sid Kouider ◽

Stanislas Dehaene

Keyword(s):

Critical Review ◽

Visual Masking ◽

Conscious Perception ◽

Input Stimulus ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

The Road ◽

Two Factors ◽

Neuroimaging Data ◽

Broad Variety ◽

On The Road

Understanding the extent and limits of non-conscious processing is an important step on the road to a thorough understanding of the cognitive and cerebral correlates of conscious perception. In this article, we present a critical review of research on subliminal perception during masking and other related experimental conditions. Although initially controversial, the possibility that a broad variety of processes can be activated by a non-reportable stimulus is now well established. Behavioural findings of subliminal priming indicate that a masked word or digit can have an influence on perceptual, lexical and semantic levels, while neuroimaging directly visualizes the brain activation that it evokes in several cortical areas. This activation is often attenuated under subliminal presentation conditions compared to consciously reportable conditions, but there are sufficiently many exceptions, in paradigms such as the attentional blink, to indicate that high activation, per se , is not a sufficient condition for conscious access to occur. We conclude by arguing that for a stimulus to reach consciousness, two factors are jointly needed: (i) the input stimulus must have enough strength (which can be prevented by masking) and (ii) it must receive top-down attention (which can be prevented by drawing attention to another stimulus or task). This view leads to a distinction between two types of non-conscious processes, which we call subliminal and preconscious. According to us, maintaining this distinction is essential in order to make sense of the growing neuroimaging data on the neural correlates of consciousness.

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B-37 Blood pressures on the road

AeroMedical Journal ◽

10.1016/s0894-8321(88)80158-x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Daniel Siker ◽

George Hoffman ◽

Marylou Gostisha

Keyword(s):

The Road ◽

Blood Pressures ◽

On The Road

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How does economic crisis impel emerging parties on the road to elections? The case of the Spanish Podemos and Ciudadanos

Party Politics ◽

10.1177/1354068817710223 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 257-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Agusti Bosch ◽

Iván M Durán

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Economic Situation ◽

Negative Evaluation ◽

Multinomial Model ◽

Political Factors ◽

New Parties ◽

The Road ◽

Economic Basis ◽

Two Factors ◽

On The Road

This article examines the influence of economic crisis on voting preferences for the emerging Spanish parties (Podemos and Ciudadanos). We develop a multinomial model that tests their voting antecedents, and we find three results that may be relevant for the literature on the emergence of parties. First, a negative evaluation of the country’s economic situation has a major impact on votes for the two parties. Second, the perception of corruption also plays a crucial role in understanding support for the two emerging parties. And third, both the evaluation of the country’s economic situation and the perception of corruption interact to account for the emergence of both Podemos and Ciudadanos. We conclude that the emergence of new parties has an economic basis, but political factors – such as corruption – are not suppressed by this. Conversely, the two factors interact in order to finally give rise to the new parties.

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South Tyrol's changing political system: from dissociative on the road to associative conflict resolution

Nationalities Papers ◽

10.1080/00905992.2013.856393 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 376-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Günther Pallaver

Keyword(s):

Conflict Resolution ◽

Civil Society ◽

Political System ◽

Consociational Democracy ◽

The Road ◽

Successful Model ◽

Language Groups ◽

Two Factors ◽

Institutional System ◽

On The Road

South Tyrol (Italy), with its three officially recognized language groups (Germans, Italians and Ladins), is a successful model of how a minority problem can be solved. It is based upon the principle of dissociative conflict resolution, which means separating the language groups as much as possible between themselves, as well as the principle of consociational democracy, which focuses primarily on the cooperation between the language groups’ elites. In the last few years it has been observed that while the institutional frame has not changed, society has, thereby starting to undermine the existing political and institutional system from below. This concerns mainly the ethnic division, which is being questioned more and more by civil society, as well as aspects of cooperation between the elites. As a consequence of this process, South Tyrol's autonomy is moving toward further integration, with the latter again translating into strengthening the two factors of territoriality and identity.

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Detecção de buracos em pavimento asfáltico com base em Processamento Digital de Imagens e Deep Learning

10.14210/cotb.v12.p422-427 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bianka Tallita Passos ◽

Wemerson Delcio Parreira ◽

Anita Maria da Rocha Fernandes ◽

Eros Comunello

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Low Cost ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Road Maintenance ◽

Operational Cost ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road ◽

Cost Of Transportation

The road infrastructure conditions are directly related to the safetyand operational cost of transportation. Potholes are defects in thepaving that affect safety on the road. Therefore, identifying potholesis an important step in defining road maintenance and interventionstrategies. Among the approaches used to detect defects in roadsare vibration techniques, laser scanning and 3D reconstruction, andfinally methods that are vision-based. These vision-based methodsutilize image processing, considered low cost and that can be performedby common two-dimensional cameras. This research aimsto combine digital image processing and deep learning concepts facilitatingthe recognition of pothole-like defects in road images withasphalt paving. In order to carry out these experiments, differentnetwork architectures were used.

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