scholarly journals The Effects of Different Diets and Transgenerational Stress on Acyrthosiphon pisum Development

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pers ◽  
Allison Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Nymphal Instar ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Nymphal Development ◽  
Sap Feeding

Despite the fact that sap-feeding hemipterans are major agricultural pests, little is known about the pea aphid’s (Acyrthosiphon pisum) nymphal development, compared to other insect models. Given our limited understanding of A. pisum nymphal development and variability in the naming/timing of its developmental events between different environmental conditions and studies, here, we address developmental knowledge gaps by elucidating how diet impacts A. pisum nymphal development for the LSR1 strain when it develops on its universal host plant (Vicia faba), isolated leaves, and artificial diet. Moreover, we test how plant age and transgenerational stressors, such as overcrowding and low plant vigor, can affect nymphal development. We also validate a morphological method to quickly confirm the life stage of each nymphal instar within a mixed population. Overall, we found extremely high variation in the timing of developmental events and a significant delay in nymphal (~5–25-h/instar) and pre-reproductive adult (~40-h) development when reared on isolated leaves and artificial diets, compared to intact host plants. Also, delays in development were observed when reared on older host plants (~9–17-h/event, post 2nd instar) or when previous generations were exposed to overcrowding on host plants (~20-h delay in nymph laying) compared to controls.

Acyrthosiphon pisum. [Distribution map].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Yemen Arab Republic ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Macrosiphum pisum(Harris), M. onobrychis(Boy.)) (Hemipt., Aphididae) (Pea Aphis). Host Plants: Pea, beans and other legumes. A vector of virus diseases. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. USSR), Albania, Austria, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Faeroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, ASIA (excl. USSR), Afghanistan, China, Cyprus, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jammu, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sikkim, Syria, Turkey, Yemen Arab, Republic, USSR, AFRICA, Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madeira, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, AUSTRALASIA and PACIFIC ISLANDS, Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Mexico, USA, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

scholarly journals The lifecycle and epidemiology of Bactericera cockerelli on three traditional Maori food sources

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 275-275
Author(s):  
A.J. Puketapu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Introduced Pest ◽  
Solanum Aviculare

The tomato/potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera Triozidae) is an introduced pest of solanaceous crops in New Zealand A range of established plants play host to Bactericera cockerelli including three traditional Maori food sources taewa or Maori potatoes (Solanum tuberosum ssp andigena) kumara (Ipomoea batatas) and poroporo (Solanum aviculare) Taewa and kumara are highly susceptible to summer B cockerelli infestation whilst poroporo an evergreen plant remains susceptible yearround and provides overwintering refuge Extensive monitoring of each host plant was carried out to determine the significance of each host in the lifecycle of B cockerelli in New Zealand Poroporo was monitored from late autumn for 6 months to determine if the plant served as a significant overwintering host for the pest after harvesting summer crops Taewa and kumara plants were monitored throughout the summer growing season on a weekly basis increasing to twice a week as populations proliferated Host plants were monitored both in the natural environment and under laboratory conditions Data collected contributed to tracking population development of B cockerelli on each host including the length of each life stage (ie egg nymph adult) Comparisons between the three hosts revealed host preference host suitability and the significance of each host in the lifecycle progression of B cockerelli

scholarly journals Bacteriocyte Reprogramming to Cope With Nutritional Stress in a Phloem Sap Feeding Hemipteran, the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Colella ◽  
Nicolas Parisot ◽  
Pierre Simonet ◽  
Karen Gaget ◽  
Gabrielle Duport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Sap Feeding

scholarly journals Compared nymphal development of Tingis americana (Hemiptera, Tingidae) in two Handroanthus species (Bignoniaceae) and reproductive parameters in seedlings of Handroanthus heptaphyllus

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane C. Moreira ◽  
Luiza R. Redaelli ◽  
Marcus Guidoti ◽  
Aline Barcellos
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
First Record ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Nymphal Development ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Nymphs and adults of Tingis americana Drake, 1922 were found feeding on leaves of Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos and Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex A. DC.) Mattos in the Botanic Garden, Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This is the first record of T. americana on these host plants and in the southern Brazil. We aimed to compare the nymphal development on both hosts and to analyze the reproductive parameters on H. heptaphyllus (25 ± 1ºC; 60 ± 10% RH; 16 h photophase). The mean nymphal period (days) was shorter in individuals reared on H. heptaphyllus (12.69 ± 0.076) than on H. chrysotrichus (19.11 ± 0.208) (P < 0.0001), however, nymph viability was similar. On H. heptaphyllus, the mean embryonic period lasted 12.32 ± 0.274 days and the egg viability was 92%. The mean total and daily fecundity were 310.0 ± 19.40 eggs/female and 7.46 ± 0.302 eggs/female/day, respectively. Paired males and females showed similar longevity (P = 0.0691), while unpaired females lived longer than unpaired males (P = 0.0460).

scholarly journals Non-Target Effects of dsRNA Molecules in Hemipteran Insects

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Arinder K. Arora ◽  
Seung Ho Chung ◽  
Angela E. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Perfect Sequence ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Target Effects

Insect pest control by RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene expression knockdown can be undermined by many factors, including small sequence differences between double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and the target gene. It can also be compromised by effects that are independent of the dsRNA sequence on non-target organisms (known as sequence-non-specific effects). This study investigated the species-specificity of RNAi in plant sap-feeding hemipteran pests. We first demonstrated sequence-non-specific suppression of aphid feeding by dsRNA at dietary concentrations ≥0.5 µg µL−1. Then we quantified the expression of NUC (nuclease) genes in insects administered homologous dsRNA (with perfect sequence identity to the target species) or heterologous dsRNA (generated against a related gene of non-identical sequence in a different insect species). For the aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum and Myzus persicae, significantly reduced NUC expression was obtained with the homologous but not heterologous dsRNA at 0.2 µg µL−1, despite high dsNUC sequence identity. Follow-up experiments demonstrated significantly reduced expression of NUC genes in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and mealybug Planococcus maritimus administered homologous dsNUCs, but not heterologous aphid dsNUCs. Our demonstration of inefficient expression knockdown by heterologous dsRNA in these insects suggests that maximal dsRNA sequence identity is required for RNAi targeting of related pest species, and that heterologous dsRNAs at appropriate concentrations may not be a major risk to non-target sap-feeding hemipterans.

Rearing of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on artificial diet and its use in resistance screening

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Balaji M. Panchal ◽  
Manvendra S. Kachole
Keyword(s):  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Acacia Leucophloea

Chilo partellus is considered to be among the most damaging pests of sorghum crop throughout the world. Insects are reared in the laboratory on artificial diets for various purposes, namely for biological control, host and non‐host plant resistance and development of new artificial diets. The growth and development of Sorghum bicolor, C. partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on six host plants and non host plants (five plant gum extracts and six tuber extracts PIs) was compared in the laboratory. Insect larval growth was significantly faster on 30% casein with 70% Zea mays in artificial diet. There was a significant variation in  larval mortality, malformed pupae andpupal weights. 80% larval mortality was observed in Acacia leucophloea PIs containing diet, and 70 and 60% larval mortality in Ipomoea batatas and Mangifera indica PI‐containing diet fed, respectively.

Uptake, excretion and respiration of sucrose and amino acids in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 1269-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rhodes ◽  
P Croghan ◽  
A Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Honeydew Excretion

Ingestion, excretion and respiration in aphids were studied using artificial diets labelled with radioactive sucrose or amino acids. The rate of ingestion of a 25 % w/v sucrose diet was 12.4 nl mg-1 h-1 and the honeydew excretion rate was 5.3 nl mg-1 h-1, about 43 % of the volume ingested during the same period. The concentration of sugars in the honeydew was equivalent to 0.53 mol l-1 sucrose and 69 % of the sucrose ingested was assimilated. The amino acid concentration of honeydew was 24.6 mmol l-1 and 94 % of the ingested amino acids were assimilated. Respiration was measured by collecting respired 14CO2 using a chamber which allowed the aphids to feed during the experiments on 14C-labelled artificial diets. While feeding on a 25 % w/v sucrose diet, sucrose was respired at the rate of 1.32x10(-6) mmol mg-1 h-1, equivalent to 0.354 &micro;l O2 mg-1 h-1, which was 14.6 % of the rate of ingestion. There was no evidence that reducing the dietary sucrose concentration from 22 to 11 % w/v had any effect on the rate at which sucrose was respired. Amino acids were respired at a rate of 0.14x10(-6) mmol mg-1 h-1, which was 6.4 % of the rate of ingestion. Dietary sucrose was oxidised in preference to amino acids.

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