scholarly journals The Relationship between Research and Casework in Forensic Entomology

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Martin J. R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Academic Workplace ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Niche Area ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Witness Statements ◽  
Witness Statement ◽  
The Relationship

Research is a vital component of all forensic sciences and is often stimulated by casework, which identifies gaps in our knowledge. In such a niche area of forensic science as entomology there should be a close and mutually beneficial relationship between research and casework: to some extent there is a continuum between the two and many forensic entomologists are involved in both to a greater or lesser degree. However, research and casework involve quite differing challenges, from the replicated, highly controlled, sometimes esoteric aspects of research to the very individual, sometimes chaotic and disruptive, but highly applied aspects of casework. Ideally casework will include the full involvement of a forensic entomologist, who will collect the insect and climate evidence at the scene and produce a robust expert witness statement based on a full analysis of this data. Unfortunately, it can also include situations where samples, if collected at all, are poorly preserved, not representative of the full cadaver fauna available and presented to the entomologist months or years after the event, without local temperature data. While research is recognised through publications and their citation indices, casework and its associated expert witness statements often receive no credit in an academic workplace, although they do have a positive societal impact and many other benefits of teaching and public engagement value. This manuscript examines the relationship between research and casework from a UK perspective, to raise awareness of the need to create an environment that values the contribution of both, for future generations to flourish in both areas.

scholarly journals Performing Expertise: The Design of Audiovisual Links and the Construction of the Remote Expert Witness in Court

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-718
Author(s):  
Emma Rowden ◽  
Anne Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Expert Witnesses ◽  
Expert Evidence ◽  
Jury Trials ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
The Relationship

This article reports on empirical research conducted into the use of audiovisual links (videolinks) to take expert testimony in jury trials. Studies reveal ambivalent attitudes to court use of videolink, with most previous research focussed on its use for vulnerable witnesses and defendants. Our study finds there are issues unique to expert witnesses appearing by videolink, such as compromised ability to gesture and interact with exhibits and demonstrative tools, and reductions in availability of feedback to gauge juror understanding. Overall, the use of videolinks adds an additional cognitive load to the task of giving expert evidence. While many of these issues might be addressed through environmental or technological improvements, we argue this research has broader ramifications for expert witnesses and the courts. The use of videolinks for taking expert evidence exposes the contingent nature of expertise and the cultural scaffolding inherent in its construction. In reflecting on the implications of these findings, and on the way that reliability, credibility and expertise are defined and established in court, we suggest a more critical engagement with the relationship between content and mode of delivery by stakeholders.

scholarly journals Modelling Internal Communications at St. Michael’s Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adaptive Communications ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Niche Area ◽  
Internal Communications ◽  
The Relationship

Healthcare communications is a niche area of the professional communication field that has been studied from a social identity perspective by several researchers. In this qualitative study, interviews and documents were collected to evaluate the relationship between internal communications and social identity at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, Ontario. Results showed a process of internal communications management that began with planning communications, moved through implementation and then involved measuring communications practices and planning for future changes. Throughout this process, the ‘unique identity’ of St. Michael’s Hospital was used as an inspiration for communications planning, messaging and measurement in order to reinforce a valid identity for employees. Moving forward, the public affairs and communications department could further expand their staff training and measurement tools in order to further solidify their status as an adaptive communications system.

scholarly journals Modelling Internal Communications at St. Michael’s Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adaptive Communications ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Niche Area ◽  
Internal Communications ◽  
The Relationship

Healthcare communications is a niche area of the professional communication field that has been studied from a social identity perspective by several researchers. In this qualitative study, interviews and documents were collected to evaluate the relationship between internal communications and social identity at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, Ontario. Results showed a process of internal communications management that began with planning communications, moved through implementation and then involved measuring communications practices and planning for future changes. Throughout this process, the ‘unique identity’ of St. Michael’s Hospital was used as an inspiration for communications planning, messaging and measurement in order to reinforce a valid identity for employees. Moving forward, the public affairs and communications department could further expand their staff training and measurement tools in order to further solidify their status as an adaptive communications system.

Error assessment of traffic emission estimates using novel mobility datasets.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Gensheimer ◽  
Alexander J. Turner ◽  
Ankit Shekhar ◽  
Adrian Wenzel ◽  
Frank N. Keutsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Trace Gas Emissions ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Government Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

<p><span>The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread reductions in mobility and induced observable changes in the atmosphere. Recent work has employed novel mobility datasets as a proxy for trace gas emissions from traffic, yet there has been little work evaluating these emission numbers. </span></p><p><span>We systematically compare mobility datasets from TomTom and Apple to traffic data from local governments in seven diverse urban and rural regions to characterize the magnitude of errors in emissions that result from using those mobility datasets as a proxy for traffic. We observe differences in excess of 60% between these mobility datasets and local traffic data, which result in large errors in emission estimates. These differences are in part driven by the usage of different baselines and the neglect of seasonality, but mainly they are caused by the individual representations of the datasets. The relationship varies strongly depending on time and region and therefore no general functional relationship between mobility data and traffic flow over all regions can be determined. Future work should be cautious when using these mobility metrics for emission estimates. Further, we use the local government data to identify actual emission reductions from traffic in the range of 7-22% in 2020 compared to 2019 for our study regions. Our full analysis is summarized in Gensheimer et al. (2020).</span></p><p><span>Gensheimer, J., Turner, A., Shekhar, A., Wenzel, A., & Chen, J. (2020). What are different measures of mobility changes telling us about emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic? Earth and Space Science Open Archive, 11. Retrieved from doi: 10.1002/essoar.10504783.1</span></p>

17. Witness Statements and Documentary Evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 332-350
Author(s):  
Lucilla Macgregor ◽  
Charlotte Peacey ◽  
Georgina Ridsdale
Keyword(s):  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Legal Representative ◽  
Underlying Theory ◽  
Civil Cases ◽  
Witness Statements ◽  
Witness Statement

Cases can readily be won or lost on the strength of witness evidence at trial. Important applications may fail if a witness statement does not adequately deal with all of the issues. A legal representative, therefore, must understand both the underlying theory behind the use of witness evidence and documentation during the course of litigation, including the rules on hearsay, and the practical requirements and challenges encountered in the preparation of witness statements. This chapter discusses the use of evidence at trial; the preparation of witness statements for interim applications and at trial; the use of hearsay in civil cases; and evidential tools.

scholarly journals The Position of Expert Witnesses in Medical Malpractice Cases in Indonesia

Al-Ahkam ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hatta
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Expert Witnesses ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

<p class="IABSSS">Medical malpractice is one of the most difficult professional errors to prove. In solving medical malpractice cases, law enforcement is always assisted by doctors by connecting experts to reveal the truth with their expertise. The position of doctors as experts is very important and strategic. However, it is not easy for a doctor who wants to become a expert witness because the relationship of the suspect is a colleague. If the doctor want to be an expert witness then his testimony in court is not objective or impressed protect his colleagues. This study suggests that in the completion of medical malpractice cases in court can apply the system of proof by changing the proof to the doctor. In addition, this study also suggests to resolve medical malpractice cases that can be solved through the way of mediation before pursuing litigation settlement. In the aspect of Islamic law, the position of expert witness (<em>ra`yu al-khābir</em>) is very important to explain or interpret a case that is vague and difficult to prove. However, an evidentiary system unable to prove the medical malpractice case then Islamic law can justify by using other methods that can bring benefit in general.</p><p class="IABSSS" align="center">[]</p>Malpraktik medik adalah salah satu kesalahan professional yang sangat sulit dibuktikan. Dalam menyelesaikan kasus malpraktik medik, penegak hukum selalu dibantu oleh dokter sebagai saksi ahli untuk mengukapkan kebenaran sesuai dengan keahlian yang dimilikinya. Kedudukan dokter sebagai saksiahli sangat penting dan strategis. Namun, tidak mudah mendapatkan dokter yang mau menjadi saksi ahli terhadap tersangka karena saksi ahli dengan tersangka adalah teman sejawat. Apabila dokter mau menjadi saksi ahli maka kesaksiannya di pengadilan dinilai tidak objektif atau terkesan melindungi teman sejawatnya. Penelitian ini menyarankan supaya dalam penyelesaian kasus malpraktik medik di pengadilan dapat menerapkan sistem pembuktian terbalik dengan memindahkan beban pembuktian kepada dokter. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga me­nyarankan supaya penyelesaian kasus malpraktik medik dapat diselesaikan melalui jalur mediasi sebelum menempuh penyelesaian secara litigasi. Dalam aspek hukum islam, kedudukan saksi ahli (<em>ra`yu al-khābir</em>) sangat penting untuk menerangkan atau menafsirkan suatu perkara yang kabur dan sulit dibuktikan. Namun, apabila sistem pembuktian dengan menggunakan saksi ahli tidak mampu membuktikan perkara malpraktik medik maka hukum islam dapat membenarkan menggunakan metode lain yang dinilai dapat mendatangkan maslahat secara umum.

The Media and the Fostering of Political (Dis)Trust

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barthel ◽  
Patricia Moy
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Media Effects ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Presentation Formats ◽  
The Media ◽  
Normative Significance ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
The Relationship

Citizens’ trust in government, a vital component of any functioning democracy, can be affected by media content, but these media effects depend on numerous factors. This chapter first illustrates the normative significance of political trust, then reviews its various conceptualizations and operationalizations. It reviews the key empirical linkages between media and political trust, focusing on differences in medium, modality, presentation formats, and mechanisms of influence. The relationship between media use and political trust is discussed in light of an evolving landscape – one in which the media are no longer centralized, content consumers also produce messages, and media and politics are inextricably linked. The chapter calls for additional research on the effects of new media and emerging political cultures on political trust.

Prerequisites for transforming the management system of retail food companies based on the principles of sustainable development

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
S.M. Nikonorov ◽  
A.N. Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Management System ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retail Food

The article discusses the prerequisites for the transformation of the management system of retail food companies. The concept of «company management system» is defined, and the evolution of the management system in companies is presented. A full analysis of the current state of the Russian grocery retail market is given. The study shows the current limitations of the company’s economic development in the Russian retail market. The paper presents the relationship between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 for the period up to 2030, and the management of retail food companies, where the SDGs can be a useful tool for evaluating and improving the performance of companies.

17. Witness Statements and Documentary Evidence

2019 ◽  
pp. 334-352
Author(s):  
Susan Cunningham-Hill ◽  
Karen Elder
Keyword(s):  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Legal Representative ◽  
Underlying Theory ◽  
Civil Cases ◽  
Witness Statements ◽  
Witness Statement

Cases can readily be won or lost on the strength of witness evidence at trial. Important applications may fail if a witness statement does not adequately deal with all of the issues. A legal representative, therefore, must understand both the underlying theory behind the use of witness evidence and documentation during the course of litigation, including the rules on hearsay, and the practical requirements and challenges encountered in the preparation of witness statements. This chapter discusses the use of evidence at trial; the preparation of witness statements for interim applications and at trial; the use of hearsay in civil cases; and evidential tools.

scholarly journals Housing coalition dynamics: a comparative perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valesca Lima
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Policy Solutions

AbstractSocial movement coalitions are a vital component within the dynamics of political mobilization. While previous research has established why and how coalitions emerge and dissolve, how they are maintained and the outcomes they generate have been less explored, especially in housing studies. This research contributes to the study of movement coalitions through an empirical examination of the dynamics of how coalitions interact, cooperate, and sustain alliances, in addition to exploring the outcomes that are produced as a result of these coalitions. It draws upon a comparative approach of housing coalitions in Dublin and Lisbon, where local housing groups have played a critical role in protesting against housing injustices and in articulating alternative policy solutions to the housing crisis. In mapping the diversity of coalition members, this research finds that tolerance for difference and negotiation capacity impacts how long coalitions last as well as the outcomes that they lead to. This study contributes to the study of coalitions by analyzing the relationship between outcomes and the mechanisms which sustain coalitions using a comparative framework.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document