scholarly journals Toxicity, Sublethal and Low Dose Effects of Imidacloprid and Deltamethrin on the Aphidophagous Predator Ceratomegilla undecimnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Panagiotis J. Skouras ◽  
Anastasios I. Darras ◽  
Marina Mprokaki ◽  
Vasilios Demopoulos ◽  
John T. Margaritopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Growth Parameters

Ceratomegilla undecimnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a common aphidophagous coccinellid predator used in biological control against aphid pests. Knowing toxicity, lethal, and sublethal effects of insecticides on natural enemies is essential in order to incorporate them into Integrated Pest Management (IPM). In the present study, the lethal and sublethal effects of imidacloprid and deltamethrin were evaluated on the fourth instar larvae of C. undecimnotata and subsequently on the full life cycle. Our results strongly suggest that sublethal and low doses of imidacloprid and deltamethrin at LD10 and LD30 affected fourth instar larvae duration time, adult preoviposition period, total preoviposition period, and fecundity. Moreover, the intrinsic (r) and finite (λ) rate of increase and the net reproduction rate (R0) significantly decreased in populations treated with imidacloprid compared to the control population. The data clearly suggest that imidacloprid and deltamethrin have a negative influence on population growth parameters of C. undecimnotata at sublethal and low doses and, therefore, these insecticides should be used with caution within the context of IPM.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on life history and population growth parameters of Planococcus citri (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) on coleus [Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd.]

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shila Goldasteh ◽  
Asghar Talebi ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Hadi Ostovan ◽  
Abbasali Zamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Solenostemon Scutellarioides ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Growth Parameters

The development, life history, reproduction, and population growth parameters of Planococcus citri Risso on coleus [Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd.] were studied at various temperatures ranging from 10 to 37?C, 70?10% RH, and photoperiod length of 16: 8 h (L: D). Females and males successfully developed into adults at from 15 to 32?C and 18 to 32?C, respectively. All first instars died at 10, 12, and 37?C. Lower temperatures (10, 12, and 15?C) caused higher egg mortality than did higher temperatures (32, 35, and 37?C). At all temperatures (except 15?C), the highest percentage of nymphal mortality was observed in the first instar. The sex ratio was female-biased between 15 and 30?C, but there was a slightly higher number of males at 32?C. The highest adult longevities of females and males were obtained at 18 and 25?C, respectively. The pre-oviposition, oviposition, and post-oviposition periods were significantly different at various temperatures. The highest fecundity was observed at 23?C. The shortest and longest oviposition periods occurred at 32 and 18?C, respectively. Maximum values of the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), net reproduction rate (R0), and finite rate of increase (?) and the shortest mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) were obtained at 25?C. Our findings showed citrus mealybug performances to be highly affected by temperature.

Biology and population growth parameters of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on five host plant species

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Nagrare ◽  
Bhausaheb Naikwadi ◽  
Vrushali Deshmukh ◽  
S. Kranthi
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cotton Mealybug ◽  
China Rose ◽  
Population Growth Parameters

Abstract The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an invasive pest of cotton, apart from several other important crops, and poses a serious threat to agricultural economy all over the world. Studies on the biology and population growth parameters of P. solenopsis on the five most preferred host plants, namely cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Malvaceae), China rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) (Malvaceae), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (Solanaceae), congress grass (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) (Asteraceae) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) (Malvaceae) were undertaken in the laboratory under controlled temperature and relative humidity. The mean cumulative development time of females was 16.61 days on cotton, 14.16 days on China rose, 14.13 days on okra, 14.00 days on tomato and 13.57 days on congress grass. The longest oviposition period was recorded on cotton (15.20 ± 1.87 days), while it was in the range of 9-10 days in the remaining host plants. Females lived longer (27.40 ± 1.76 days) when reared on cotton, while their life was shortest on tomato (14.60 ± 0.96 days). The highest fecundity was observed on cotton (328.30 ± 23.42), whereas it was found to be in the range 178-212 on the other hosts. The survival frequency from crawler to adult in females was highest on cotton (27.53%), while it was the lowest on tomato (15.87%). The highest net reproductive rate (284.3 females/female/generation), mean length of a generation (31.24 days), and intrinsic rate of increase (0.19 day−1) were recorded on cotton. The finite rate of increase was in the range of 1.18-1.20 (females/female/day) for all the selected host plants. The weekly multiplication rate was highest on China rose and congress grass (3.78), while it was the least on tomato (3.28). The corrected generation time was dissimilar in all the selected host plants, being highest on cotton (31.39 days) and the least on congress grass (27.71 days). The doubling time was shortest on congress grass (3.61 days), while it was longest on tomato (4.11 days). Hence, the host plant species significantly affects population growth of P. solenopsis.

scholarly journals PARAMETER NERACA HAYATI DAN PERTUMBUHAN POPULASI KUTU PUTIH Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) PADA DUA VARIETAS UBI KAYU

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Nila Wardani ◽  
Aunu Rauf ◽  
Wayan Winasa ◽  
Sugeng Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cassava Mealybug ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Growth Parameters ◽  
Cassava Varieties ◽  
Cyanide Content

ABSTRACTThe life history and population growth parameters of mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on two cassava varieties. The development, reproduction, and population growth parameters of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on two cassava varieties were studied in laboratory. The varieties tested were UJ-5 with high cyanide content (>100 mg per kg) dan Adira-1 with low cyanide content (27.5 mg per kg).  Our research revealed that P. manihoti performances were highly affected by cassava varieties.  Incubation period of eggs of P. manihoti were 7.93 ±  0.09 and 8.33 ± 0.11 days, nymphal development periode 12.32±0.13 and 15.67 ± 0.13 days, respectively on UJ-5 and Adira-1. Fecundity averaged 386.37 ± 5.83 on UJ-5 and 318.67±2.81 eggs on Adira-1. Intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were  0.258 ± 0.001 on UJ-5 and  0.220 ± 0.001 on Adira-1. Mean generation time (T) on UJ-5 and Adira-1 were 22.795 ± 0.050 and 25.532 ± 0.047 days, repectively. Our findings showed that variety UJ-5 was more suitable for development and population growth of the cassava mealybug.

Effects of different almond cultivars on biological and population responses of Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 962-972
Author(s):  
Zarir Saeidi ◽  
Alireza Nemati ◽  
Elham Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Population Growth Parameters

The development, longevity, and reproductive potential of Schizotetranychus smirnovi concerning different almond cultivars including Sefid, Azar, Shokofeh, Shahrood6, Shahrood7, Ferragnes, Shahrood13, Shahrood21, Rabie, Nonpareil, and Mamaei were investigated in the current study. Our results indicated the longest developmental time of females on Shahrood21 (7.35 ± 0.10), while the shortest duration of this parameter was found on Rabie (6.21 ± 0.10) and Nonpareil (5.88 ± 0.17) cultivars. The total mortality ranged from 13.30 to 50.00% on Azar and Shokofeh, respectively. On the majority of cultivars, the highest proportion of mortality among all stages was allocated to larvae which indicated that it was the most sensitive stage. The fecundity of S. smirnovi on Mamaei (34.19 ± 3.60), Sefid (30.50 ± 2.67), and Ferragnes (30.31 ± 3.02) was significantly higher than other cultivars. However, the lowest fecundity (11.21 ± 1.70) was observed on Shokofeh cultivar. Moreover, different cultivars resulted in significant differences in all population growth parameters. Azar had the highest value of both intrinsic rate of increase (r) (0.2675 ± 0.0164) and finite rate of increase (λ) (1.3067 ± 0.0213), whereas the value of these parameters on Shokofeh and Shahrood21 were significantly lower than other cultivars. The mean generation time (T) ranged from 9.51 ± 0.16 on Shahrood7 to 11.69 ± 0.39 d on Shahrood21 cultivar. According to our results, Mamaei, Nonpareil, Rabie, Ferragnes and Azar cultivars were more susceptible, while Shokofeh, Shahrood21, and Shahrood13 seemed to be more tolerant to S. smirnovi.

scholarly journals Demography of Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Reared on Four Cultivars of Pyrus bretschneideri (Rosales: Rosaceae) and P. communis Pears With Estimations of Confidence Intervals of Specific Life Table Statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2343-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingfeng Wei ◽  
Hsin Chi ◽  
Yongfu Guo ◽  
Xianwei Li ◽  
Longlong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Finite Rate ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract The psyllid Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang & Li) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is a serious pest of pears in China. To determine and contrast the fitness of the psyllid on two endemic cultivars of Pyrus bretschneideri (i.e., BHXS and BSL) and two introduced cultivars of Pyrus communis (i.e., CB and CRB), we analyzed data on the development, survival, and fecundity from C. chinensis individuals reared on the four cultivars. The age-stage, two-sex life table theory was used in order to enable the inclusion of males in the analysis as well as a means of identifying the variation in developmental durations among individuals. Results indicated that C. chinensis can successfully develop and reproduce on all four pear cultivars. However, based on the lower preadult survival rate, longer preadult duration, longer total preoviposition period (TPOP), and lower fecundity that occurred on both cultivars of P. communis, these two cultivars are less favorable hosts for C. chinensis than the P. bretschneideri cultivars. The lower intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0) on CB and CRB pears showed these two introduced cultivars are more resistant to C. chinensis than the endemic BHXS and BSL pears. These resistant cultivars would be appropriate candidates for managing C. chinensis. We used the bootstrap technique to estimate the uncertainty of the population parameters (r, λ, R0, etc.), while also demonstrating that it can be used for estimating the 0.025 and 0.975 percentile confidence intervals of the age of survival rate.

scholarly journals Effects of UV Radiation on Egg Hatching Population Growth and Reproductive Parameters of Indianmeal Moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Akram Bakhshi ◽  
Ali Asghar Talebi ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Ali Mirshekar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Growth Parameters

In this research, three age groups of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) eggs (1-, 2- and 3-day-old eggs) were exposed to ultraviolet irradiation (UVC) with 254nm wavelength for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 minutes, under controlled conditions. The effect of UVC-irradiation on reproduction and population growth parameters investigated for eggs irradiated for 0.5, 1 and 1.5 minutes. The percentage of egg hatching decreased with increase in UVC exposure time, while for each exposure time, the older eggs were more sensitive than the younger ones. The results indicated that different exposure times of UVC-irradiation could affect the reproduction and population growth parameters. The highest value of net fertility rates was observed in 1, 2 and 3-day-old eggs which were treated with 0.5 min exposure. Both the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and the net reproductive rate (R0) decreased with increasing exposure time from 0.5 to 1.5 min while the mean generation time (Tc) and doubling time (DT) increased within this irradiation range. The lowest amount of rm was obtained in 1, 2 and 3-day-old eggs which were treated with 1.5 min exposure time. The results showed that UVC-irradiation is an appropriate technique for controlling P. interpunctella.

scholarly journals Pirimicarb, an aphid selective insecticide, adversely affects demographic parameters of the aphid predator Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Rahmani ◽  
Ali R. Bandani
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Finite Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Hippodamia Variegata

AbstractDemographic toxicology is recommended for toxicity determination of the long term effects of a pesticide since it gives a more accurate and efficient measure of the effect of a pesticide. Thus, in the current study the sublethal effects of pirimicarb (carbamate insecticide) two concentrations of LC30and LC10were used against third instar larvae of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) in order to determine the effects of the pesticide on demographic parameters of the predator under laboratory conditions. Results showed that pirimicarb did not affect individual life parameters such as development time of larva, pupa, adult longevity, female and male longevity, adult preoviposition period (APOP), and total preoviposition period (TPOP). However, population parameters such as intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation time (T), and finite rate of increase (λ) was affected by sublethal treatment. For example, intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.18 day-1in the controls but it was 0.13 and 0.14 day-1in the treated insects with LC10and LC30concentrations, respectively. Also, there were significant differences between mean generation time (T) of the treatments and the controls i.e. mean generation time of the controls was 29.03 days while mean generation time in the two treatments of LC10and LC30was 33.93 and 31.66 days, respectively. The finite rate of increase was also significantly affected by sublethal effects of the pesticide. The results showed that pirimicarb, even at low concentrations, has potential to adversely affect the predatory ladybird, therefore care should be taken when this insecticide is used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.

scholarly journals Comparative life table analysis of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on ten rose cultivars

Acarologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-616
Author(s):  
Ali Golizadeh ◽  
Samira Ghavidel ◽  
Jabraeil Razmjou ◽  
Syed Ali Asghar Fathi ◽  
Mahdi Hassanpour
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Cool Water ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Growth Parameters ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Life history parameters of plant feeders are useful tools to evaluate resistance or susceptibility of host plants including different cultivars. This study compared population growth parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch on 10 rose cultivars, including Bella Vita, Cool Water, Dolce Vita, Maroussia, Orange Juice, Pink Promise, Roulette, Tea, Valentine, and Persian yellow in laboratory conditions at 24+/-1°C, 65+/-5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. The results revealed that mite survival rate varied from 66.5% on Bella Vita to 85.9% on Persian yellow. The immature development time was different among the tested rose cultivars and ranged from 9.35 days on Orange Juice to 12.30 days on Bella Vita. The highest fecundity rate was recorded on Pink Promise. Consequently, population growth parameters were also significantly affected. The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was recorded on Roulette and this parameter was relatively higher on Cool Water, Orange Juice, and Persian yellow. In addition, the highest net reproductive rate (R0) was observed on Pink Promise, which was significantly higher than Roulette, Tea, and Valentine cultivars. The longest mean generation time (T) was calculated on Roulette and the shortest on Cool Water, Tea, and Orange Juice. The lowest performance of the two-spotted mite on Roulette could indicate that this is a suitable cultivar against mite infestation. Differences in mite susceptibility of tested rose cultivars here highlighted have the potential to be used for integrated pest management of T. urticae in ornamental rosa cultivations.

scholarly journals Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0243334
Author(s):  
Zahra Nozad-Bonab ◽  
Mir Jalil Hejazi ◽  
Shahzad Iranipour ◽  
Mehdi Arzanlou ◽  
Antonio Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Trichogramma Brassicae ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The tomato leaf miner (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is an invasive tomato pest found worldwide. Sustainable control strategies aimed at increasing biological control approaches and decreasing chemical inputs are required, due to the tendency to develop insecticide resistance. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of four chemical insecticides (abamectin, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad) and the sublethal effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) on a widespread TLM egg parasitoid, Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, were estimated. Concentration mortality response bioassays enabled the estimation of lethal concentrations of the tested insecticides for the parasitoids, with chlorantraniliprole having the lowest LC50 and indoxacarb the highest. The LC25 and LC50 of the tested insecticides on the TLM were sprayed on eggs and then offered at three time intervals to the parasitoids. The fertility and other life table parameters of the individuals emerging from the treated eggs were estimated. All of the chemical insecticides, but not the fungus, had harmful effects on T. brassicae. The insecticide applications caused a 3.84–5.17 times reduction in the net reproductive rate (R0) compared with the control. No parameters were affected by spraying the fungus in the 0h treatment, but effects were recorded at 24 and/or 48h, except for the gross reproduction rate (GRR). The value of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) also decreased to 0.528–0.617 after the insecticide treatments. The doubling time (DT) increased in all treatments compared to the control. Nevertheless, the generation time (T) was only very slightly affected. In addition, in the combination experiments, M. anisopliae showed a remarkable synergism with T. brassicae in controlling TLM eggs. These results indicate that low levels of lethal effects on key biological control agents should be considered in the choice of insecticides to be included in sustainable TLM control packages.

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