Design of a Thorium Metal Target for 225Ac Production at TRIUMF

With recent impressive clinical results of targeted alpha therapy using 225Ac, significant effort has been directed towards providing a reliable and sufficient supply of 225Ac to enable widespread using of 225Ac-radiopharmaceuticals. TRIUMF has begun production of 225Ac via spallation of thorium metal with 480 MeV protons. As part of this program, a new 225Ac-production target system capable of withstanding the power deposited by the proton beam was designed and its performance simulated over a range of potential operating parameters. Special attention was given to heat transfer and stresses within the target components. The target was successfully tested in two irradiations with a 72–73 µA proton beam for a duration of 36.5 h. The decay corrected activity at end of irradiation (average ± standard deviation) was (524 ± 21) MBq (14.2 mCi) and (86 ± 13) MBq (2.3 mCi) for 225Ac and 225Ra, respectively. These correspond to saturation yields of 72.5 MBq/µA for 225Ac and 17.6 MBq/µA for 225Ra. Longer irradiations and production scale-up are planned in the future.

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CoolGAL: a Galinstan bathed Be fast neutron production target at the NEPIR facility

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/202023103002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 231 ◽

pp. 03002

Author(s):

Rogelio Alfonso Barrera ◽

Dario Bisello ◽

Juan Esposito ◽

Pierfrancesco Mastinu ◽

Gianfranco Prete ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fast Neutron ◽

Initial Phase ◽

Neutron Production ◽

Target System ◽

Fast Neutrons ◽

Neutron Energy Spectrum ◽

Thermal Reliability ◽

Space Applications ◽

Mev Protons ◽

Production Target

In this contribution, we present the CoolGAL fast neutron production target system, to be used in the initial phase of the NEPIR irradiation beamline at the SPES facility, that will be operational in 2022. Initially, NEPIR will be used for shielding studies against fast neutrons for space applications and to investigate neutron-induced single event effects in microelectronic devices and systems. In CoolGAL, the neutron production component, a thick Be cylinder, is immersed in a static bath of Galinstan, a liquid alloy of Ga, In and Sn, contained by an outer water cooled copper cladding. MCNPX calculations indicate that, by using a 1 μA current of 70 MeV protons, it can produce a fast neutron energy spectrum that is somewhat flat the 30-65 MeV energy range and with a sharp cut-off at the beam energy. At the standard test point, located 2.6 m downstream from the source, the beam spot diameter, defined by the peculiar collimation scheme of the initial phase of NEPIR, is 10 cm and the integral fast neutron flux is Φn(1< En<65 MeV) ~ 3×106 n cm-2s-1. Using proton beams with two different energies, one can calculate, by subtraction, the effects due to the neutrons in the energy interval defined by the two cut-off values. Preliminary results of ANSYS calculations, for a 1 μA proton current of 70 MeV protons (70 W), show a limited regime temperature (28 °C) of the Be component, capable of ensuring the exceptional safety level required for the operation at SPES. The thermal reliability of CoolGAL is very promising for future developments that require higher proton currents.

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Green Hydrogen Catapult targets 50-fold global production scale-up in next six years

Fuel Cells Bulletin ◽

10.1016/s1464-2859(20)30549-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (12) ◽

pp. 1

Keyword(s):

Scale Up ◽

Production Scale

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Large-Area Triple-Junction a-Si Alloy Production Scale Up: Annual Subcontract Report, 17 March 1992 - 18 March 1993

10.2172/10114998 ◽

1994 ◽

Author(s):

R. Oswald ◽

J. O'Dowd

Keyword(s):

Triple Junction ◽

Scale Up ◽

Large Area ◽

Production Scale

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Stem Cell Production: Scale Up, GMP Production, Bioreactor

10.1007/978-3-030-78101-9_10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 243-267

Author(s):

Naseem A. Almezel

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Scale Up ◽

Production Scale ◽

Cell Production ◽

Gmp Production

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Solid Target System with In-Situ Target Dissolution

Instruments ◽

10.3390/instruments3010014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William Z. Gelbart ◽

Richard R. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Target Material ◽

Incident Beam ◽

Chemistry Laboratory ◽

Target System ◽

Beam Power ◽

New Approach ◽

Target Station ◽

Production Target ◽

Design Construction

A significant number of medical radioisotopes use solid, often metallic, parent materials.These materials are deposited on a substrate to facilitate the cooling and handling of the targetduring placing, irradiation, and processing. The processing requires the transfer of the target to aprocessing area outside the irradiation area. In this new approach the target is processed at theirradiation site for liquid only transport of the irradiated target material to the processing area. Thedesign features common to higher energy production target systems are included in the targetstation. The target is inclined at 14 degrees to the beam direction. The system has been designed toaccept an incident beam of 15 to 16 mm diameter and a beam power between 2 and 5 kW. Thermalmodeling is presented for targets of metals and compounds. A cassette of five or 10 preparedtargets is housed at the target station as well as a target dissolution assembly. Only the dissolvedtarget material is transported to the chemistry laboratory so that the design does not requireadditional irradiation area penetrations. This work presents the design, construction, and modelingdetails of the assembly. A full performance characterization will be reported after the unit is movedto a cyclotron facility for beam related measurements.

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Nanotechnology in Personalized Medicine: A Promising Tool for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666171012112026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (35) ◽

pp. 4602-4615 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laura De Matteis ◽

Rafael Martín-Rapún ◽

Jesús M. de la Fuente

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Personalized Medicine ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Metabolic Response ◽

Scale Up ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Production Scale ◽

Patient Response ◽

Detection Techniques

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a public health priority all over the world. The difficulty of fighting the disease consists mostly in the complexity of symptoms and causes, in the still poor knowledge of its mechanisms and in the existence of a latent, asymptomatic, preclinical stage. Although many drugs are continuously screened in clinical studies for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, the unexpected lack of patient response and sometimes the important adverse effects make it a potential field of application for personalized medicine. Objective: This perspective review proposes nanotechnology as a valuable tool for the application of personalized medicine to AD. Methods: The aim of personalized medicine is the development of more patient-precise treatments based mostly on the knowledge of individual genetics as well as of disease progress, and of pharmacokinetics and metabolic response to available drugs. The optimization of new and more sensitive detection techniques is an important tool for obtaining the pool of data needed for prediction and understanding of patient response. Results: Research in bionanosensors is already providing examples with high sensitivity for core and new biomarkers for AD. In therapy the functionalization of nanoparticle surface can add specificity for biological recognition or for improving the bioavailability. This would allow the administration of lower doses with less adverse effects due to the local targeting. Conclusion: Taking into account the promising characteristics of nanoparticles as excellent candidate tools for precision medicine development, the establishment of better standard methods for safety assessment and production scale up would be desirable for the nanomaterial fruitful employment.

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Heating Thermal/Structural Analysis of a Thin Beam Window of Ultra Cold Neutron Test Facility

Volume 4 ◽

10.1115/ht-fed2004-56182 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Zukun Chen ◽

Nathan K. Bultman

Keyword(s):

Proton Beam ◽

Heat Load ◽

Thermal Stresses ◽

Cold Neutron ◽

Element Model ◽

Particle Beam ◽

Test Facility ◽

Target System ◽

Delivery Time ◽

Ultra Cold Neutron

This paper is an analytical investigation of a proposed vacuum barrier window that isolates the proton beam transport vacuum envelope from the Ultra Cold Neutron (UCN) experimental target system at atmospheric pressure. The window is subjected to static pressure and cyclic thermal stresses as the accelerated particle beam passes through it and deposits a small amount of energy in the window. The analysis investigates various beam rms sizes for two beam delivery time structures. The 0.1-mm thick, 52 mm diameter window is made of inconel alloy 718 and is welded to the beamline tube at its outer edge. For some combinations of delivery time structure and beam size, the window under differential pressure and proton beam heating experiences stress that is well above yield and possibly large enough to break the inconel foil. In order to analyze the induced temperature and stress, a finite element model has been developed. The model has been written parametrically to allow the beam characteristics, window material properties, dimensions and mesh densities to be easily adjusted. The heat load is applied to the model through the use of a 3-dimentional table containing the calculated volumetric heat rates. The heat load is based on a radial distribution for a circular Gaussian beam under both normal and extensional operation cases. In this analysis, a radial-centered, circular beam is assumed. The results of several analyses are presented in this paper.

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