Leg and arm adiposity is inversely associated with diastolic hypertension in young and middle-aged United States adults

Background We sought to determine the association between appendicular adiposity and hypertension, with the purpose of better understanding the role of body fat distribution on blood pressure (BP). Methods We included 7411 adults aged 20 to 59 who were not taking antihypertensives and without cardiovascular disease from the 2011 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Leg & arm adiposity, determined via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans, was defined as percent of total body fat present in legs/arms (leg/total%, arm/total%). Measures were categorized into sex-specific tertiles. We estimated change in BP and odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension (BP ≥ 130/80) and hypertension subtypes using multivariable, survey design-adjusted linear & logistic regression, respectively. Results Of the participants, 49% were female, the average (standard deviation) age was 37.4 (0.3) years, and 24% had hypertension. Those in the highest tertile (T3) of leg/total% had 30% decreased adjusted ORs (aOR) of hypertension compared to the lowest tertile (T1; aOR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.55–0.89). This association was not significant for arm/total% (0.89, 0.68–1.17). T3 of leg/total% was associated with 49% lower, 41% lower, and unchanged relative odds of isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) compared to T1 (IDH: 0.51, 0.37–0.70; SDH: 0.59, 0.43–0.80; ISH: 1.06, 0.70–1.59). For every 10% increase in leg/total%, diastolic BP decreased by an adjusted mean 3.5 mmHg (95% CI, − 4.8 to − 2.2) in males and 1.8 mmHg (95% CI, − 2.8 to − 0.8) in females (P < 0.001 for both). Conclusions A greater proportional distribution of fat around the legs is inversely, independently associated with hypertension, and more specifically, diastolic hypertension (IDH and SDH).

Market Structure of Scooter Segment of Two Wheeler Industry in India

Transportation system of a country has a noteworthy role to play in the development of an economy and its sectors. Automobile sector occupies a prominent place in the fabric of Indian economy. Presently, India has already touched the threshold of a major take off in the next decade and beyond to becoming one of the largest automotive (vehicle and component makers) manufacturers in the world. The objective of study was to measure the market structure of scooter segment of two wheeler industry in India for eight financial years, i.e. from the year 2011-12 to the year 2018-19. Descriptive analysis was conducted to present a profile of the industry which included analysis of average, standard deviation, compound annual growth rate, frequency, percentage of data value for each of the variables. The results of the study revealed that overall, there is existence of oligopoly form of market structure in the scooter segment of two wheeler industry in India.

Champion Position Analysis in Short Track Speed Skating Competitions From 2007 to 2019

Purpose: Short track speed skating is a racing sport with racing tactics are equally crucial to speed and technical skating skills. Therefore, to investigate the relationship between starting and finishing positions for elite skaters and subsequently, explore pacing patterns for champions are necessary.Methods: To investigate a pattern of effective tactical positioning strategy, Kendall’s tau-b correlations between starting and finishing position were calculated, with 500 m races having the most positive correlation (0.347, P &lt; 0.05).Results: Furthermore, starting position distributions of winners in each round, as well as the fluctuations in champion starting positions across rounds were analyzed. Our findings showed that skaters on the first track were inclined to win the rounds in 500, 1,000, and 1,500 m (28, 28, and 22%, respectively), and the differences between starting and finishing positions for champions were minimized in semi-finals. Meanwhile, the pacing patterns were gaining more fluctuations by the increase of race distances for champions, as the average standard deviation of lap rankings equaled 0.90, 1.15, and 2.21 for 500, 1,000, and 1,500 m races, respectively.Conclusion: In conclusion, elite skaters should adopt flexible tactics at the lowest cost of energy consumption. The overall variability of lap ranking in long-distance races were distinctly higher than it in short distance.

Basic Swimming Style Crawl Engineering Skills Survey in Athletes Ages 10-12

This study aims to: 1.To know the basic technique skills of crawl style swimming in the Kebumen swimming club association students. 2. Knowing the factors of difficulty experienced by students in learning the basic motion skills of crawl style swimming 3. Students are able to apply the basic movements of swimming with the right steps. This research was conducted on the students of the Kebumen swimming club association in Gossi Kebumen. The research plan is carried out in November 2021. The sample referred to in this study is 20 students in the 10-12 year age group who take part in basic swimming skills training. Descriptive data analysis was entered to get an overview of the data including the average, standard deviation, maximum data, minimum data, range, frequency table and graphs. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded: 1. Freestyle swimming skills measured using a stopwatch on students aged 10-12 years at the swimming club association in Kebumen showed that 50% of students had very poor swimming skills, 25% students have poor swimming skills and 25% of students have sufficient skills. 2. The category of skills that dominates the most in students is very low ability. Contributing to further research is to conduct research on more intense exercises on crawl swimming style techniques need to be done by athletes and also strategies to improve the ability of athletes in crawl style swimming.Keywords: Swimming, Crawl Style, Basic Swimming Technique

Evaluation of Daily CT for EPID-Based Transit In Vivo Dosimetry

PurposeThe difference in anatomical structure and positioning between planning and treatment may lead to bias in electronic portal image device (EPID)-based in vivo dosimetry calculations. The purpose of this study was to use daily CT instead of planning CT as a reference for EPID-based in vivo dosimetry calculations and to analyze the necessity of using daily CT for EPID-based in vivo dosimetry calculations in terms of patient quality assurance.Materials and MethodsTwenty patients were enrolled in this study. The study design included eight different sites (the cervical, nasopharyngeal, and oral cavities, rectum, prostate, bladder, lung, and esophagus). All treatments were delivered with a CT-linac 506c (UIH, Shanghai) using 6 MV photon beams. This machine is equipped with diagnosis-level fan-beam CT and an amorphous silicon EPID XRD1642 (Varex Imaging Corporation, UT, USA). A Monte Carlo algorithm was developed to calculate the transmit EPID image. A pretreatment measurement was performed to assess system accuracy by delivering based on a homogeneous phantom (RW3 slab, PTW, Freiburg). During treatment, each patient underwent CT scanning before delivery either once or twice for a total of 268 fractions obtained daily CT images. Patients may have had a position correction that followed our image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) procedure. Meanwhile, transmit EPID images were acquired for each field during delivery. After treatment, all patient CTs were reviewed to ensure that there was no large anatomical change between planning and treatment. The reference of transmit EPID images was calculated based on both planning and daily CTs, and the IGRT correction was corrected for the EPID calculation. The gamma passing rate (3 mm 3%, 2 mm 3%, and 2 mm 2%) was calculated and compared between the planning CT and daily CT. Mechanical errors [ ± 1 mm, ± 2 mm, ± 5 mm multileaf collimator (MLC) systematic shift and 3%, 5% monitor unit (MU) scaling] were also introduced in this study for comparing detectability between both types of CT.ResultThe average (standard deviation) gamma passing rate (3 mm 3%, 2 mm 3%, and 2 mm 2%) in the RW3 slab phantom was 99.6% ± 1.0%, 98.9% ± 2.1%, and 97.2% ± 3.9%. For patient measurement, the average (standard deviation) gamma passing rates were 87.8% ± 14.0%, 82.2% ± 16.9%, and 74.2% ± 18.9% for using planning CTs as reference and 93.6% ± 8.2%, 89.7% ± 11.0%, and 82.8% ± 14.7% for using daily CTs as reference. There were significant differences between the planning CT and daily CT results. All p-values (Mann–Whitney test) were less than 0.001. In terms of error simulation, nonparametric test shows that there were significant differences between practical daily results and error simulation results (p &lt; 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the detectability of mechanical delivery error using daily CT was better than that of planning CT. AUCDaily CT = 0.63–0.96 and AUCPlanning CT = 0.49–0.93 in MLC systematic shift and AUCDaily CT = 0.56–0.82 and AUCPlanning CT = 0.45–0.73 in MU scaling.ConclusionThis study shows the feasibility and effectiveness of using two-dimensional (2D) EPID portal image and daily CT-based in vivo dosimetry for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) verification during treatment. The daily CT-based in vivo dosimetry has better sensitivity and specificity to identify the variation of IMRT in MLC-related and dose-related errors than planning CT-based.

An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Brand Awareness in The Low Involvement Product on Social Media Channel

The objective of this paper was to analyse the factor of brand awareness in the low involvement product on social media channel. Samples of this research were 500 people have experience with product on social media channel. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation and the KMO and Bartlett’s test to measure the adequacy of the data and hypothesis test. The study results indicate that brand awareness in the low involvement product on social media channel which a total of four factors were extracted from the brand awareness index scale: product quality, presenter image, message design, and media characteristic. the KMO value is 0.95, Chi-square is 12418.36, p-value is 0.00 conclude that the variables were related and suitable with factor analyzing.

Understanding and Satisfaction towards STEM Education of Primary School Teachers through Professional Development Program

The integration approach is not new to education, but it is very necessary for currently educating management. The study aims to explore the efficiency of STEM education for primary teachers through professional development. Participants were 200 primary school teachers who have been working for Roi Et Province, Thailand. STEM education manual guide for teacher, achievement test, and satisfaction questionnaire were used for research instruments. Experimental research, pre-test and posttest design were employed for data collection. The statistics used for data analysis were average, standard deviation, percentage and dependent t-test. Findings revealed that the efficiency of STEM education for primary school teachers reached criteria of 81.50/86.25. Primary teachers had understanding in STEM education by mean score of posttest was higher than pretest score at .01 level of statistical significantly differences. Also, they had satisfaction towards STEM Education at the highest level.

Comparative analysis of three studies measuring fluorescence from engineered bacterial genetic constructs

Reproducibility is a key challenge of synthetic biology, but the foundation of reproducibility is only as solid as the reference materials it is built upon. Here we focus on the reproducibility of fluorescence measurements from bacteria transformed with engineered genetic constructs. This comparative analysis comprises three large interlaboratory studies using flow cytometry and plate readers, identical genetic constructs, and compatible unit calibration protocols. Across all three studies, we find similarly high precision in the calibrants used for plate readers. We also find that fluorescence measurements agree closely across the flow cytometry results and two years of plate reader results, with an average standard deviation of 1.52-fold, while the third year of plate reader results are consistently shifted by more than an order of magnitude, with an average shift of 28.9-fold. Analyzing possible sources of error indicates this shift is due to incorrect preparation of the fluorescein calibrant. These findings suggest that measuring fluorescence from engineered constructs is highly reproducible, but also that there is a critical need for access to quality controlled fluorescent calibrants for plate readers.

Rubber fatigue evaluation for antivibration products and an S–N curve with a scatter band of 0.8

Rubber antivibration products are widely used in engineering structures. An accurate evaluation on fatigue performance is a challenging issue during a design procedure. In this article, an effective stress approach was applied to multi-directional snubbing (MDS) mounts, AE2 and AE42 specimens. It was demonstrated that observed fatigue cracks were initiated at a place where the maximum effective stress was located. There were confirmed strong correlations between the effective stress and the number of failed cycles: R2 = 0.994 for AE2 with eight fatigue cases, R2 = 0.955 for AE42 with 16 cases and R2 = 0.917 for both AE2 and AE42 with 24 cases. A valuable S–N curve (covering from 2 × 102 to 3 × 106 cycles) of rubber (SBR with 67 hardness) was obtained (a scatter-band range of 0.8 with an average standard deviation of 14.3%). The scatter band includes both natural fatigue scattering and criterion accuracy. Less than 10% CPU time, compared with the critical plane search method, would only be required for evaluation on a fatigue case of a two-dimensional solid. These findings have shown that the proposed approach is reliable and can be considered in a suitable fatigue design stage. As the presented criterion was validated in limited contexts, more cases in antivibration design are required to support this approach.

MO295RESULTS OF 30 YEARS OF RENAL BIOPSIES IN THE GENERAL HOSPITAL OF CIUDAD REAL. WHAT HAS CHANGED?

Background and Aims The renal biopsy (RB) has been performed in the General Hospital of Ciudad Real (HGUCR) since the year 1989. It allows kidney diseases to be diagnosed and treated and pronostics to be made. We will analyse the results of these 30 years as well as the evolution of the various parameters studied. Method Descriptive study of the RB carried out in the HGUCR between 1989 and 2019. Age, sex, clinical syndrome (CS) at the time of the RB, number of glomeruli and histological diagnosis will be analysed. The patients are divided into 3 groups according to age: children (&lt;15), adults (15-65) and the elderly (&gt;65). We will establish three periods of 10 years: period A (1989-1998), period B (1999-2008) and period C (2009-2019). The categorical variables are expressed as percentages and the quantitative variables average ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis with SPSS 25.0. Results 898 RB have been performed, average number of glomeruli 16, 70% of the RB with more than 10 glomeruli. The average age of the patients was 53±19 years old, 58% male. The most frequent CS was acute kidney failure (AKF) (35%), followed by nephrotic syndrome (NS) (30.5%), asymptomatic urinary disorders (19%), chronic kidney disease (11%), nephritic syndrome (3.6%), haematuria (0.7%) and arterial hypertension (0.7%). The most common in children were asymptomatic urinary disorders (50%), in adults NS (34%) and in the elderly AKF (55.5%). The predominant primary glomerulonephritis (GN): IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (15%), followed by membranous nephropathy (MN) (12%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (11%). The most frequent secondary GN: vasculitis (11%) and lupus nephropathy (10%). 164 RB were performed in period A, 370 in period B and 346 in period C. In all three periods the predominant sex was male and the average age increased: 48 years old in A, 51 years old in B and 56 years old in C. Together with the increase in age, the indication of RB changes: NS in the first two periods and AKF in period C. The most frequent pathology in period A: FSGS (17%), IgAN (16%) in period B and IgAN (15%) followed by vasculitis (11%) in period C. Conclusion In the HGUCR the most common biopsied kidney pathology is IgAN, followed by MN. There has been an increase in the age of the patients as well as an increase in AKF and vasculitis. The KB constitutes a highly useful diagnostic test that allows us to establish prognostics and appropriate treatments.