First Demonstration of a Pixelated Charge Readout for Single-Phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers

Traditional charge readout technologies of single-phase Liquid Argon Time projection Chambers (LArTPCs) based on projective wire readout introduce intrinsic ambiguities in event reconstruction. Combined with the slow response inherent in LArTPC detectors, reconstruction ambiguities have limited their performance, until now. Here, we present a proof of principle of a pixelated charge readout that enables the full 3D tracking capabilities of LArTPCs. We characterize the signal-to-noise ratio of charge readout chain to be about 14, and demonstrate track reconstruction on 3D space points produced by the pixel readout. This pixelated charge readout makes LArTPCs a viable option for high-multiplicity environments.

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Optical Readout of the ARIADNE LArTPC Using a Timepix3-Based Camera

Instruments ◽

10.3390/instruments4040035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Adam Lowe ◽

Krishanu Majumdar ◽

Konstantinos Mavrokoridis ◽

Barney Philippou ◽

Adam Roberts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Liquid Argon ◽

Energy Calibration ◽

Dual Phase ◽

Optical Readout ◽

Event Reconstruction ◽

Phase Liquid ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Time Projection ◽

Good Agreement

The ARIADNE Experiment, utilising a 1-ton dual-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC), aims to develop and mature optical readout technology for large scale LAr detectors. This paper describes the characterisation, using cosmic muons, of a Timepix3-based camera mounted on the ARIADNE detector. The raw data from the camera are natively 3D and zero suppressed, allowing for straightforward event reconstruction, and a gallery of reconstructed LAr interaction events is presented. Taking advantage of the 1.6 ns time resolution of the readout, the drift velocity of the ionised electrons in LAr was determined to be 1.608 ± 0.005 mm/μs at 0.54 kV/cm. Energy calibration and resolution were determined using through-going muons. The energy resolution was found to be approximately 11% for the presented dataset. A preliminary study of the energy deposition (dEdX) as a function of distance has also been performed for two stopping muon events, and comparison to GEANT4 simulation shows good agreement. The results presented demonstrate the capabilities of this technology, and its application is discussed in the context of the future kiloton-scale dual-phase LAr detectors that will be used in the DUNE programme.

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NEUTRINOS FROM ICARUS

Acta Polytechnica ◽

10.14311/ap.2013.53.0776 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (A) ◽

pp. 776-781

Author(s):

Christian Farnese

Keyword(s):

3D Imaging ◽

Sterile Neutrino ◽

Rare Event ◽

Liquid Argon ◽

Good Energy Resolution ◽

Time Projection Chambers ◽

Event Reconstruction ◽

The Status ◽

Good Energy ◽

Time Projection

Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers are very promising detectors for neutrino and astroparticle physics due to their high granularity, good energy resolution and 3D imaging, allowing for a precise event reconstruction. ICARUS T600 is the largest liquid Argon (LAr) TPC detector ever built (~600 ton LAr mass) and is presently operating underground at the LNGS laboratory. This detector, internationally considered as the milestone towards the realization of the next generation of massive detectors (~tens of ktons) for neutrino and rare event physics, has been smoothly running since summer 2010, collecting data with the CNGS beam and with cosmics. The status of this detector will be shortly described together with the intent to adopt the LAr TPC technology at CERN as a possible solution to the sterile neutrino puzzle.

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A 4 tonne demonstrator for large-scale dual-phase liquid argon time projection chambers

Journal of Instrumentation ◽

10.1088/1748-0221/13/11/p11003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. P11003-P11003 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. Aimard ◽

Ch. Alt ◽

J. Asaadi ◽

M. Auger ◽

V. Aushev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Liquid Argon ◽

Dual Phase ◽

Time Projection Chambers ◽

Phase Liquid ◽

Time Projection

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Neural-network-driven proton decay sensitivity in the p → $$ \overline{\nu} $$K+ channel using large liquid argon time projection chambers

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep04(2021)243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (4) ◽

Author(s):

C. Alt ◽

B. Radics ◽

A. Rubbia

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Liquid Argon ◽

Proton Decay ◽

K Channel ◽

Detector Response ◽

Event Generator ◽

Decay Modes ◽

Time Projection Chambers ◽

Phase Liquid ◽

Time Projection

Abstract We report on an updated sensitivity for proton decay via p → $$ \overline{\nu} $$ ν ¯ K+ at large, dual phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs). Our work builds on a previous study in which several nucleon decay modes have been simulated and analyzed [1]. At the time several assumptions were needed to be made on the detector and the backgrounds. Since then, the community has made progress in defining these, and the computing power available enables us to fully simulate and reconstruct large samples in order to perform a better estimate of the sensitivity to proton decay. In this work, we examine the benchmark channel p → $$ \overline{\nu} $$ ν ¯ K+, which was previously found to be one of the cleanest channels. Using an improved neutrino event generator and a fully simulated LAr TPC detector response combined with a dedicated neural network for kaon identification, we demonstrate that a lifetime sensitivity of τ /Br (p → $$ \overline{\nu} $$ ν ¯ K+) > 7 × 1034 years at 90% confidence level can be reached at an exposure of 1 megaton · year in quasi-background-free conditions, confirming the superiority of the LAr TPC over other technologies to address the challenging proton decay modes.

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The SLAC RCE Platform for ProtoDUNE

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201921401025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 214 ◽

pp. 01025

Author(s):

K.V. Tsang ◽

M. Convery ◽

M. Graham ◽

R. Herbst ◽

J. Russell

Keyword(s):

Single Phase ◽

Liquid Argon ◽

Neutrino Experiment ◽

Processing Elements ◽

Industry Standard ◽

Wide Range ◽

Phase Liquid ◽

Deep Underground ◽

Time Projection ◽

Electronic Channels

The ProtoDUNE-SP is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). Signals from 15,360 electronic channels are received by 60 Reconfigurable Cluster Elements (RCEs), which are processing elements designed at SLAC for a wide range of applications and are based upon the “system-onchip” Xilinx Zynq family of FPGAs. The RCEs are housed in industry-standard ATCA shelves on a custom blade, called the Cluster on Board (COB). The RCE platform and its processing functions for the ProtoDUNE-SP will be presented.

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Precise 3D Track Reconstruction Algorithm for the ICARUS T600 Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber Detector

Advances in High Energy Physics ◽

10.1155/2013/260820 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Antonello ◽

B. Baibussinov ◽

P. Benetti ◽

E. Calligarich ◽

N. Canci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Projection Chamber ◽

Reconstruction Algorithm ◽

Liquid Argon ◽

Neutrino Beam ◽

Practical Application ◽

Track Reconstruction ◽

Imaging Capability ◽

Event Reconstruction ◽

Particle Imaging ◽

Time Projection

Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) detectors offer charged particle imaging capability with remarkable spatial resolution. Precise event reconstruction procedures are critical in order to fully exploit the potential of this technology. In this paper we present a new, general approach to 3D reconstruction for the LAr TPC with a practical application to the track reconstruction. The efficiency of the method is evaluated on a sample of simulated tracks. We present also the application of the method to the analysis of stopping particle tracks collected during the ICARUS T600 detector operation with the CNGS neutrino beam.

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Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

Journal of Instrumentation ◽

10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/p01005 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (01) ◽

pp. P01005

Author(s):

A. Abed Abud ◽

B. Abi ◽

R. Acciarri ◽

M.A. Acero ◽

M.R. Adames ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Phase ◽

Liquid Argon ◽

Particle Identification ◽

Neutrino Experiment ◽

Successful Operation ◽

Active Volume ◽

Phase Liquid ◽

Deep Underground ◽

Time Projection ◽

Design Construction

Abstract The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, U.S.A. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector incorporates full-size components as designed for DUNE and has an active volume of 7 × 6 × 7.2 m3. The H4 beam delivers incident particles with well-measured momenta and high-purity particle identification. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation between 2018 and 2020 demonstrates the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design. This paper describes the design, construction, assembly and operation of the detector components.

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