scholarly journals Interventricular Septal Thickness as a Diagnostic Marker of Fetal Macrosomia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Bartosz Szmyd ◽  
Małgorzata Biedrzycka ◽  
Filip Franciszek Karuga ◽  
Magdalena Rogut ◽  
Iwona Strzelecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Fetal Biometry ◽  
Septal Thickness ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Serious complications in both mother and newborn arising as a result of fetal macrosomia indicate the need for early diagnosis and prevention. Unfortunately, current predictors, such as fetal biometry, fundal height, and amniotic fluid index, appear to be insufficient. Therefore, we decided to assess the predictive potential of interventricular septal thickness (IVST), as measured at ≥33 weeks of gestation. Two hundred and ninety-nine patients met the inclusion criteria: complete medical history including all necessary measurements—namely, IVST obtained by M-mode echocardiography, fetal biometry, and birth weight. The Statistica 13.1 PL software was used to generate the receiver operating curve. The optimal cut-off point (IVST of 4.7 mm) was selected using the Youden index method. The analysis of fetal biometry abnormalities resulted in 46.6% of macrosomia cases being correctly predicted; however, IVST analysis detected 71.4% of cases. IVST at ≥4.7 mm appears to have a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) than routine ultrasound.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of cost effective extraction free molecular technique for detection of SARS-CoV-2 with reference to standard VTM based RT-qPCR method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megh Singh Dhakad ◽  
Sanjib Gogoi ◽  
Ansu Kumari ◽  
Aashish Kumar Singh ◽  
Manoj B. Jais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Qpcr Method ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Background and Objectives: The entire globe is undergoing an unprecedented challenge of COVID-19. Considering the need of rapid and accurate diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2, this study was planned to evaluate the cost effective extraction free RT-PCR technique in comparison to the standard VTM based RT-qPCR method. Materials and Methods: Paired swabs from nasopharynx and oropharynx were collected for SARS-CoV-2 testing, from 211 adult patients (≥18 years) in VTM and plain sterile tubes (dry swabs). These samples were processed and RT-qPCR was carried out as per standard protocols. Results: 54.5% of the patients were females and 45.5% were males with sex ratio 1:1.19 (M: F). 38.86% were symptomatic, of which fever (86.59%), cough (79.23%) and breathlessness (46.34%) were the most common symptoms. The positivity by VTM based method and index method was 31.27% and 13.27% respectively. Of the 27 inconclusive results from index method, 37.04% were positive, 48.15% were negative by VTM based method. However, in 40 inconclusive results by VTM based method, 90% were negative and rest remained inconclusive by index method. The sensitivity and specificity of the index method were 39.39% and 85.71% respectively. The overall agreement between VTM based method and index method was 49.59% with estimated Kappa value of 0.19. Conclusion: VTM based method showed higher sensitivity compared to the index method. The higher positivity by VTM based method, suggests that VTM based method could plausibly be a better detection method of SARS-CoV-2. Still, the index method might add value in a resource limited setups for detection of SARS-CoV-2.  

scholarly journals Risk Assessment in Chinese Hospitalized Patients Comparing the Padua and Caprini Scoring Algorithms

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9_suppl) ◽  
pp. 127S-135S ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Chen ◽  
Lei Pan ◽  
Hui Deng ◽  
Jingyuan Zhang ◽  
Xinjie Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Lower Specificity ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

The current venous thromboembolism (VTE) guidelines recommend all patients to be assessed for the risk of VTE using risk assessment models (RAMs). The study was to evaluate the performance of the Caprini and Padua RAMs among Chinese hospitalized patients. We reviewed data from 189 patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and 201 non-DVT patients. Deep venous thrombosis risk factors were obtained from all patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the Caprini and Padua scores for all patients were calculated. The receiver operating curve (ROC) and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the performance of each score. We documented that age, acute infection, prothrombin time (PT), D-dimer, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood platelets, and anticoagulation were significantly associated with the occurrence of DVT ( P < .05). These results were true for all medical and surgical patients group (G1), as well as the analysis of medical versus surgical patients (G2). Finally, analysis of the scores in patients with and without cancer was also done (G3). The Caprini has a higher sensitivity but a lower specificity than the Padua ( P < .05). Caprini has a better predictive ability for the first 2 groups ( P < .05). We found Caprini and Padua scores have a similar predictive value for patients with cancer ( P > .05), while Caprini has a higher predictive ability for no cancer patients in G3 than Padua ( P < .05). For Chinese hospitalized patients, Caprini has a higher sensitivity but a lower specificity than Padua. Overall, Caprini RAM has a better predictive ability than Padua RAM.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Kosuga ◽  
Tomoki Konishi ◽  
Takeshi Kubota ◽  
Katsutoshi Shoda ◽  
Hirotaka Konishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Background Precise staging is indispensable to select the appropriate treatment strategy for gastric cancer (GC); however, the diagnostic accuracy of conventional modalities needs to be improved. This study investigated the clinical significance of the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for the prediction of pathological lymph node metastasis (pN+) in GC. Methods This was a retrospective study of 429 patients with GC who underwent curative gastrectomy. The predictive ability of NLR for pN+ was examined in comparison with that of computed tomography. Results The preoperative NLR ranged from 0.6 to 10.8 (median, 2.0), and the optimal cut-off value for predicting pN+ was 1.6 according to the receiver operating characteristic curve with the maximal Youden index. Multivariate analysis identified a NLR ≥ 1.6 (odds ratio (OR) 3.171; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.448–7.235, p = 0.004) and cN+ (OR 2.426; 95% CI 1.221–4.958, p = 0.011) to be independent factors associated with pN+ in advanced GC (cT2-T4). On the other hand, a NLR ≥ 1.6 was not useful for predicting pN+ in early GC (cT1). In advanced GC, a NLR ≥ 1.6 detected pN+ with a higher sensitivity (84.9%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (63.9%) than conventional modalities (50.0 and 51.7%, respectively). When the subjects were limited to those with advanced GC with cN0, the sensitivity and NPV of a NLR ≥ 1.6 for pN+ increased further (90.7 and 81.0%, respectively). Conclusion The preoperative NLR may be a useful complementary diagnostic tool for predicting pN+ in advanced GC because of its higher sensitivity and NPV than conventional modalities.

scholarly journals Salivary Osteocalcin as Potential Diagnostic Marker of Periodontal Bone Destruction among Smokers

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Betsy Joseph ◽  
Mukhatar Ahmed Javali ◽  
Mohasin Abdul Khader ◽  
Saad M. AlQahtani ◽  
Amanullah Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth

The objective of the study was to assess the levels and diagnostic accuracy of salivary osteocalcin (OC), osteonectin (ON), and deoxypyridinoline-containing degradation fragment of the C-terminal telopeptide region of type I collagen (CTX) in adult smokers with periodontal bone destruction. Towards this, ninety systemically healthy patients (groups I: healthy, II: periodontitis with non-smokers, and III: periodontitis with current smokers) were included in the study. The results showed a positive correlation (weak to moderate) was observed for OC, ON, and CTX with probing pocket depth (PPD; r = 0.40, 0.32, and 0.36) and alveolar bone loss (BL; r = 0.58, 0.38, and 0.51) (p < 0.01). Smoker periodontitis was best discriminated from healthy controls using 15.25 ng/mL of OC (AUC: 0.870; 95% CI: 0.757–0.943; YI (Youden Index): 0.693; p < 0.0001). However, with a cut-off of BL at 33.33%, 19.24 ng/mL of salivary OC gave the best discrimination (AUC: 0.809; 95% CI: 0.686–0.900; Se: 80.0%; Sp: 73.47%, and YI: 0.534). A 16.45 ng/mL amount of OC gave excellent discrimination (AUC: 0.811; 95% CI: 0.688–0.901; Se: 92.31%; Sp: 65.22%, and YI: 0.575) among healthy and smoker periodontitis when PD at 6mm was considered as cut-off. Conclusion: The best discrimination between healthy controls and smoker periodontitis was obtained at 15.25 ng/mL of salivary OC.

scholarly journals Can ELABELA be a novel target in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia?

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didar Yanardag Acik ◽  
Mehmet Bankir ◽  
Filiz Alkan Baylan ◽  
Bilal Aygun
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Apoptotic Proteins

Abstract Background It has been shown that bcl2, bcl-XL and mcl-1 protein levels are high in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, and resultantly, apoptosis does not occur chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Apelin and apela (ELABELA/ELA/Toddler) are two peptide ligands for a class A G-protein coupled receptor called apelin receptor. Studies have shown that ELA inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting apoptotic proteins and activating anti-apoptotic proteins. Proteins and genes involved in apoptosis are valuable for targeted cancer therapy. We hypothesized that serum levels may be increased in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on the antiapoptotic effect of ELA. We compared serum ELABELA levels of healthy volunteers and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We aimed to draw attention to a new molecule worthy of research in targeted cancer treatment. Methods Forty two untreated CLL patients and 41 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum ELA levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Dhanghai Sunred Biological Technology co. Ltd), automated ELISA reader (Thermo Scientific, FİNLAND) and computer program (Scanlt for Multiscan F.C.2.5.1) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Statistical analysis was done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 20 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) ve MedCalc programs. ELA and variables related to CLL were correlated with Spearman correlation anlysis test. ROC analysis and Youden index method were used to determine a cut off point for ELA. All p-values were 2-sided with statistical significance at 0.05 alpha levels. Results In our study, we found that serum ELA levels were significantly higher in patients with CLL. Conclusions This study highlights that ELA targeting may be a potential therapeutic option for treating CLL.

Construction of joint confidence regions for the optimal true class fractions of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) surfaces and manifolds

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1429-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas E Bantis ◽  
Christos T Nakas ◽  
Benjamin Reiser ◽  
Daniel Myall ◽  
John C Dalrymple-Alford
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Confidence Regions ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Ordered Categories ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Box Cox Transformation ◽  
Discriminatory Capacity ◽  
Non Parametric

The three-class approach is used for progressive disorders when clinicians and researchers want to diagnose or classify subjects as members of one of three ordered categories based on a continuous diagnostic marker. The decision thresholds or optimal cut-off points required for this classification are often chosen to maximize the generalized Youden index (Nakas et al., Stat Med 2013; 32: 995–1003). The effectiveness of these chosen cut-off points can be evaluated by estimating their corresponding true class fractions and their associated confidence regions. Recently, in the two-class case, parametric and non-parametric methods were investigated for the construction of confidence regions for the pair of the Youden-index-based optimal sensitivity and specificity fractions that can take into account the correlation introduced between sensitivity and specificity when the optimal cut-off point is estimated from the data (Bantis et al., Biomet 2014; 70: 212–223). A parametric approach based on the Box–Cox transformation to normality often works well while for markers having more complex distributions a non-parametric procedure using logspline density estimation can be used instead. The true class fractions that correspond to the optimal cut-off points estimated by the generalized Youden index are correlated similarly to the two-class case. In this article, we generalize these methods to the three- and to the general k-class case which involves the classification of subjects into three or more ordered categories, where ROC surface or ROC manifold methodology, respectively, is typically employed for the evaluation of the discriminatory capacity of a diagnostic marker. We obtain three- and multi-dimensional joint confidence regions for the optimal true class fractions. We illustrate this with an application to the Trail Making Test Part A that has been used to characterize cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals The microRNA expression changes associated with malignancy and SDHB mutation in pheochromocytoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Patterson ◽  
R Webb ◽  
A Weisbrod ◽  
B Bian ◽  
M He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Malignant Pheochromocytoma ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sdhb Mutation ◽  
Microarray Profiling ◽  
Whole Genome Microarray

Currently, the diagnosis of malignant pheochromocytoma can only be made when there is clinical evidence of metastasis or extensive local invasion. Thus, there is a need for new diagnostic marker(s) to identify tumors with malignant potential. The purpose of this study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are differentially expressed between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas and assess their diagnostic accuracy. Toward this aim, we analyzed miRNA expression in benign and malignant pheochromocytoma tumor samples using whole genome microarray profiling. Microarray analysis identified eight miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas. We measured a subset of these miRNAs directly by RT-PCR and found that miR-483-5p, miR-183, and miR-101 had significantly higher expression in malignant tumors as compared to their benign counterparts. Area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) analysis indicated that miR-483-5p, miR-101, and miR-183 could be useful diagnostic markers for distinguishing malignant from benign pheochromocytomas. In addition, these miRNAs could be detected in pheochromocytoma patient serum. Overall our data suggest that misexpression of miR-483-5p, miR-101, and miR-183 is associated with malignant pheochromocytoma.

scholarly journals Delivery assistance in fetal macrosomia

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Renato Augusto Moreira de Sá ◽  
Rita Bernadete Guerios Bornia ◽  
Alfredo de Almeida Cunha ◽  
Ludmila Sampaio Sieczko ◽  
Cristiane Barbosa da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Caesarian Section ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Delivery Assistance ◽  
Perinatal Center ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate delivery assistance in fetal macrosomia. METHODS: this was a hospital-based cohort study of consecutive births at a tertiary perinatal center from January 1, 1996 to October 31, 1999. A total of 5261 pregnancies met the inclusion criteria which were singleton pregnancies with minimal birth weight of 1000 g. Fetal macrosomia was defined as birth weight of 4000 g or more. We studied the mode of delivery, the newborn condition at birth, considered low when the Apgar scored below seven in the first or fifth minute, and the presence of abnormalities that could indicate a Caesarian section (disproportion, uterine dysfunction, prolonged second period of birth and fetal distress). RESULTS: 296 (5,6%) of the babies were macrosomic. Macrosomia was a risk factor for Caesarian section (RR = 1,59, p <0,001) and for operative vaginal delivery RR = 1,12 (p <0,001). Newborn conditions was not worse in macrosomic babies. There was a positive correlation between fetal macrosomia and disproportion but not with uterine dysfunction, prolonged second period of birth or fetal distress. CONCLUSIONS: caesarian section was indicated more often for macrosomic babies, but our data did not suggest that a more extensive use of C-Sections was justified.

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