scholarly journals High Cortico-Trabecular Transitional Zone Porosity and Reduced Trabecular Density in Men and Women with Stress Fractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123
Author(s):  
Afrodite Zendeli ◽  
Minh Bui ◽  
Lukas Fischer ◽  
Ali Ghasem-Zadeh ◽  
Wolfgang Schima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Distal Tibia ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Trabecular Microstructure ◽  
Trabecular Density

To determine whether stress fractures are associated with bone microstructural deterioration we quantified distal radial and the unfractured distal tibia using high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in 26 cases with lower limb stress fractures (15 males, 11 females; mean age 37.1 ± 3.1 years) and 62 age-matched healthy controls (24 males, 38 females; mean age 35.0 ± 1.6 years). Relative to controls, in men, at the distal radius, cases had smaller cortical cross sectional area (CSA) (p = 0.012), higher porosity of the outer transitional zone (OTZ) (p = 0.006), inner transitional zone (ITZ) (p = 0.043) and the compact-appearing cortex (CC) (p = 0.023) while trabecular vBMD was lower (p = 0.002). At the distal tibia, cases also had a smaller cortical CSA (p = 0.008). Cortical porosity was not higher, but trabecular vBMD was lower (p = 0.001). Relative to controls, in women, cases had higher distal radial porosity of the OTZ (p = 0.028), ITZ (p = 0.030) not CC (p = 0.054). Trabecular vBMD was lower (p = 0.041). Distal tibial porosity was higher in the OTZ (p = 0.035), ITZ (p = 0.009), not CC. Stress fractures are associated with compromised cortical and trabecular microstructure.

scholarly journals Dairy Food Intake Is Not Associated with Measures of Bone Microarchitecture in Men and Women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3940
Author(s):  
Courtney L. Millar ◽  
Douglas P. Kiel ◽  
Marian T. Hannan ◽  
Shivani Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Distal Tibia ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dairy Foods

Previous studies reported that dairy foods are associated with higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults. However, data on bone strength and bone microarchitecture are lacking. We determined the association of dairy food intake (milk, yogurt, cheese, milk + yogurt, and milk + yogurt + cheese, servings/week) with high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) measures of bone (failure load, cortical BMD, cortical thickness, trabecular BMD, and trabecular number). This cross-sectional study included participants with diet from a food frequency questionnaire (in 2005–2008 and/or 1998–2001) and measurements of cortical and trabecular BMD and microarchitecture at the distal tibia and radius (from HR-pQCT in 2012–2015). Sex-specific multivariable linear regression estimated the association of dairy food intake (energy adjusted) with each bone measure adjusting for covariates. Mean age was 64 (SD 8) years and total milk + yogurt + cheese intake was 10.0 (SD 6.6) and 10.6 (6.4) servings/week in men and women, respectively. No significant associations were observed for any of the dairy foods and bone microarchitecture measures except for cheese intake, which was inversely associated with cortical BMD at the radius (p = 0.001) and tibia (p = 0.002) in women alone. In this cohort of primarily healthy older men and women, dairy intake was not associated with bone microarchitecture. The findings related to cheese intake and bone microarchitecture in women warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Sex- and Age-Related Differences in Bone Microarchitecture in Men Relative to Women Assessed by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreyasee Amin ◽  
Sundeep Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related

The trabecular and cortical compartments of bone each contributes to bone strength. Until recently, assessment of trabecular and cortical microstructure has required a bone biopsy. Now, trabecular and cortical microstructure of peripheral bone sites can be determined noninvasively using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Studies that have used HR-pQCT to evaluate cohorts of both men and women have provided novel insights into the changes in bone microarchitecture that occur with age between the sexes, which may help to explain the lower fracture incidence in older men relative to women. This review will highlight observations from these studies on both the sex- and age-related differences in trabecular and cortical microstructure that may underlie the differences in bone strength, and thereby fracture risk, between men and women.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Measurements at the Radius and Tibia in Healthy Pre- and Postmenopausal Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina A. Szabo ◽  
Colin E. Webber ◽  
Christopher Gordon ◽  
Jonathan D. Adachi ◽  
Richard Tozer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Distal Tibia ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Purpose The objectives of this study were to utilise the XCT-2000 pQCT scanner to determine the mean values and the reproducibility of in vivo total, trabecular, and cortical volumetric bone measurements at distal and diaphyseal sites of the radius and the tibia, as well as calf muscle and subcutaneous fat areas, in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women. Methods Twenty-nine women (14 premenopausal and 15 postmenopausal) were recruited to participate in this study. Distal and diaphyseal sites of the radius (at 4% and 20% of the length of the radius) and tibia (at 4%, 38%, and 66% of the length of the tibia) were examined. Results The root mean square coefficient of variation for measurements at the distal tibia gave the most favorable reproducibility values for total (1.5%) and trabecular (1.6%) density, whereas the diaphyseal tibia showed the most favorable reproducibility value for cortical density (0.3%). The root mean square coefficients of variation for measurements of muscle and fat cross-sectional areas at the calf were 0.6% and 0.7%, respectively. At the distal tibia, the mean values for total ( P < .05) and trabecular ( P < .01) density were significantly lower in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Conclusions The data presented here indicate that XCT-2000 pQCT scans at the tibia provide highly reproducible measurements of total, cortical, and trabecular bone as well as muscle and fat cross-sectional areas. Furthermore, significant differences in volumetric bone measurements between healthy pre- and postmenopausal women were evident only at the distal tibia, suggesting that this site warrants further study.

scholarly journals Bone Indices in Thyroidectomized Patients on Long-Term Substitution Therapy with Levothyroxine Assessed by DXA and HR-pQCT

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Moser ◽  
Tanja Sikjaer ◽  
Leif Mosekilde ◽  
Lars Rejnmark
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toxic Goiter

Background. Studies on bone effects of long-term substitution therapy with levothyroxine (LT4) have shown discrepant results. Previous studies have, however, not evaluated volumetric bone mineral densities (vBMD), bone structure, and strength using high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and finite element analysis (FEA). Using a cross-sectional design, we aimed to determine whether BMD, structure, and strength are affected in hypothyroid patients on LT4substitution therapy.Methods. We compared 49 patients with well-substituted hypothyroidism with 49 age- and gender-matched population based controls. Areal BMD was assessed by DXA, vBMD and bone geometry by HR-pQCT, and bone strength by FEA.Results. Patients had been thyroidectomized due to thyroid cancer (10%) and nontoxic (33%) or toxic goiter (57%). 82% were women. TSH levels did not differ between groups, but patients had significantly higher levels of T4 (p<0.001) and lower levels of T3 (p<0.01). Compared to controls, patients had higher levels of magnesium (p<0.05), whereas ionized calcium and PTH were lower (p<0.05). Bone scans did not reveal any differences in BMD, bone geometry, or strength.Conclusion. If patients with hypothyroidism are well-substituted with LT4, the disease does not affect bone indices to any major degree.

Anatomy of the Superior Glenoid Rim: Repair of Superior Labral Anterior to Posterior Tears

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne T. Lehtinen ◽  
Markus J. Tingart ◽  
Maria Apreleva ◽  
Jonathan B. Ticker ◽  
Jon J. P. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Fixation Device ◽  
Anatomic Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bony Anatomy ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Intraobserver Variation

Background: Successful placement of a fixation device on the superior glenoid rim during superior labrum repairs requires accurate knowledge of the glenoid rim anatomy. Purpose: To investigate the normal bony anatomy of the superior glenoid rim. Study Design: Descriptive anatomic study. Methods: Twenty cadaveric glenoid specimens were scanned to obtain cross-sectional images with peripheral quantitative computed tomography in three different positions, each perpendicular to the articular surface. Two straight lines were drawn along the interior bony margins of the articular surface and cortex, and image analysis software was used to calculate the angle between these lines. Three bony angles were measured. Results: The bony angles from the 10:30-, 12-, and 1:30-o'clock cross-sections were 55° ± 5°, 64° ± 5°, and 62° ± 8°, respectively. The posterosuperior angle (at the 10:30-o'clock position) was statistically significantly lower than the superior and anterosuperior angles. Intraobserver variation was less than 3%. Conclusions: The most superior point of the glenoid rim (12-o'clock position) seems to provide the most bone stock for anchor insertion. The available bone support was found to decrease posteriorly on the glenoid rim. Clinical Relevance: During superior labral repairs, the anchor or fixation device should be inserted at approximately a 30° angle in relation to the articular surface for maximal bone support.

scholarly journals Dominant and nondominant distal radius microstructure: predictors of asymmetry and effects of a unilateral mechanical loading intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Troy ◽  
Megan E. Mancuso ◽  
Joshua E. Johnson ◽  
Tiffiny A. Butler ◽  
Bao Han Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over Time

AbstractMost information about distal radius microstructure is based on the non-dominant forearm, with little known about the factors that contribute to bilateral asymmetries in the general population, or what factors may influence bilateral changes over time. Here, we analyzed bilateral longitudinal high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) data collected over a 12-month period as part of a clinical trial that prescribed a well-controlled, compressive loading task to the nondominant forearm. Baseline data from 102 women age 21-40, and longitudinal data from 66 women who completed the 12-month trial, were examined to determine factors responsible for side-to-side asymmetries in bone structure and change in structure over time. Cross-sectionally, the dominant radius had 2.4%-2.7% larger cross-sectional area, trabecular area, and bone mineral content than the nondominant radius, but no other differences were noted. Those who more strongly favored their dominant arm had significantly more, thinner, closely spaced trabecular struts in their dominant versus nondominant radius. Individuals assigned to a loading intervention had significant bilateral gains in total bone mineral density (2.0% and 1.2% in the nondominant versus dominan sides), and unilateral gains in cortical area (3.1%), thickness (3.0%), bone mineral density (1.7%) and inner trabecular density (1.3%). Each of these gains were significantly predicted by loading dose, a metric that included bone strain, number of cycles, and strain rate. Within individuals, change was negatively associated with age, meaning that women closer to age 40 experienced less of a gain in bone versus those closer to age 21. We believe that dominant/nondominant asymmetries in bone structure reflect differences in habitual loads during growth and past ability to adapt, while response to loading reflects current individual physiologic capacity to adapt.

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