scholarly journals How the Gut Microbiome Links to Menopause and Obesity, with Possible Implications for Endometrial Cancer Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2916
Author(s):  
Malou P. H. Schreurs ◽  
Peggy J. de Vos van Steenwijk ◽  
Andrea Romano ◽  
Sabine Dieleman ◽  
Henrica M. J. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Menopausal State ◽  
Cancer Studies

Background: Interest is growing in the dynamic role of gut microbiome disturbances in human health and disease. No direct evidence is yet available to link gut microbiome dysbiosis to endometrial cancer. This review aims to understand any association between microbiome dysbiosis and important risk factors of endometrial cancer, high estrogen levels, postmenopause and obesity. Methods: A systematic search was performed with PubMed as primary database. Three separate searches were performed to identify all relevant studies. Results: Fifteen studies were identified as highly relevant and included in the review. Eight articles focused on the relationship with obesity and eight studies focused on the menopausal change or estrogen levels. Due to the heterogeneity in patient populations and outcome measures, no meta-analysis could be performed. Both the menopausal change and obesity were noted to enhance dysbiosis by reducing microbiome diversity and increasing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. Both also incurred estrobolome changes, leading to increased systemic estrogen levels, especially after menopause. Furthermore, microbiome dysbiosis was reported to be related to systemic inflammation through toll-like receptor signaling deficiencies and overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: This review highlights that the female gut microbiome is intrinsically linked to estrogen levels, menopausal state and systemic inflammation, which indicates gut microbiome dysbiosis as a potential hallmark for risk stratification for endometrial cancer. Studies are needed to further define the role the gut microbiome plays in women at risk for endometrial cancer.

scholarly journals The virome in adult monozygotic twins with concordant or discordant gut microbiomes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leonardo Moreno-Gallego ◽  
Shao-Pei Chou ◽  
Sara C. Di Rienzi ◽  
Julia K. Goodrich ◽  
Timothy Spector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Small Core ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Discordant Twins ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYThe virome is one of the most variable components of the human gut microbiome. Within twin-pairs, viromes have been shown to be similar for infants but not for adults, indicating that as twins age and their environments and microbiomes diverge, so do their viromes. The degree to which the microbiome drives the virome’s vast diversity is unclear. Here, we examined the relationship between microbiome diversity and virome diversity in 21 adult monozygotic twin pairs selected for high or low microbiome concordance. Viromes derived from virus-like particles were unique to each subject, dominated by Caudovirales and Microviridae, and exhibited a small core that included crAssphage. Microbiome-discordant twins had more dissimilar viromes compared to microbiome-concordant twins, and the richer the microbiomes, the richer the viromes. These patterns were driven by the bacteriophages, not eukaryotic viruses. These observations support a strong role of the microbiome in patterning the virome.

scholarly journals Is the Oral Microbiome Important in HIV-Associated Inflammation?

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Fulcher
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Soluble Cd14 ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Alterations in the gut microbiome during HIV infection have been implicated in chronic inflammation, but the role of the oral microbiome in this process is less clear. The article by M. K. Annavajhala, S. D. Khan, S. B. Sullivan, J. Shah, et al. (mSphere 5:e00798-19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00798-19) investigated the relationship between oral and gut microbiome diversity and immune activation in patients with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. In this study, oral microbiome diversity was inversely associated with inflammatory markers such as soluble CD14 (sCD14), but surprisingly similar associations were not seen with gut microbiome diversity. Oral microbiome diversity was also associated with periodontitis in these patients. This study highlights the importance of continuing multisite examinations in studying the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and also stimulates important directions for future research defining the role of the oral-gut axis in HIV-associated inflammation.

scholarly journals Which Microbes Like My Diet and What Does It Mean for My Heart?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4146
Author(s):  
Emilia Sawicka-Śmiarowska ◽  
Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska ◽  
Karol Adam Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factor

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of hospitalization, death and disability in Europe. Despite our knowledge of nonmodifiable and modifiable cardiovascular classical risk factors, the morbidity and mortality in this group of diseases remains high, leading to high social and economic costs. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new factors, such as the gut microbiome, that may play a role in many crucial pathological processes related to cardiovascular diseases. Diet is a potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals are nutrients that are essential to the proper function of the human body. The style and composition of the human diet has changed over time, evolving from a hunter–gatherer diet to an industrialized and Westernized modern diet that includes processed products. The relationship between the gut microbiome, diet and cardiovascular diseases is complex and still not fully understood. In this review, we discuss, in the context of diet, why particular microbes occur in individuals and how they can influence the host’s cardiovascular system in health and disease. We investigate the role of particular microorganisms and changes in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of Altruistic and Game-playing Love

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Dabiriyan Tehrani ◽  
Sara Yamini
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Game Playing ◽  
Love Styles ◽  
Collectivistic Culture ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

This systematic review aimed to find attitudes toward Altruistic and Game-playing love styles across individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Addressing major moderators concerning Altruistic and Game-playing love styles are the secondary objectives of this review. This review included 102 articles comprising samples from 37 countries (N = 41997). The findings of this meta-analysis show that there is a collectivistic and individualistic difference in Game-playing but not in the Altruistic love style. Collectivistic and individualistic cultures, on average, demonstrate the same perception concerning the Altruistic love style, whereas collectivistic culture shows the Game-playing love style more strongly. To explain the role of moderators in key measures, the subgroup analysis and meta-regression show that both Game-playing and Altruistic love styles decline by increasing the length of the relationship. Likewise, having children affects these love styles such that the Altruistic love style is improved, and the Game-playing love style is reduced by the presence of children in families.

scholarly journals IPR Law Protection and Enforcement and the Effect on Horizontal Productivity Spillovers from Inward FDI to Domestic Firms: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danai Christopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos Papageorgiadis ◽  
Chengang Wang ◽  
Georgios Magkonis
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Productivity Spillovers ◽  
Domestic Firms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractWe study the role of the strength of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) law protection and enforcement in influencing horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms in host countries. While most WTO countries adopted strong IPR legislation due to exogenous pressure resulting from the signing of the Trade-Related Aspects of IPR (TRIPS) agreement, public IPR enforcement strength continues to vary significantly between countries. We meta-analyse 49 studies and find that public IPR enforcement strength has a direct positive effect on horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms and a negative moderating effect on the relationship between IPR law protection strength and horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on metaphor comprehension in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Do task properties matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Kalandadze ◽  
Valentina Bambini ◽  
Kari-Anne B. Næss
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Metaphor Comprehension ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience difficulty in comprehending metaphors compared to individuals with typical development (TD). However, there is a large variation in the results across studies, possibly related to the properties of the metaphor tasks. This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis (a) explored the properties of the metaphor tasks used in ASD research, and (b) investigated the group difference between individuals with ASD and TD on metaphor comprehension, as well as the relationship between the task properties and any between-study variation. A systematic search was undertaken in seven relevant databases. Fourteen studies fulfilled our predetermined inclusion criteria. Across tasks, we detected four types of response format and a great variety of metaphors in terms of familiarity, syntactic structure, and linguistic context. Individuals with TD outperformed individuals with ASD on metaphor comprehension (Hedges’ g = −0.63). Verbal explanation response format was utilized in the study showing the largest effect size in the group comparison. However, due to the sparse experimental manipulations, the role of task properties could not be established. Future studies should consider and report task properties to determine their role in metaphor comprehension, and to inform experimental paradigms as well as educational assessment.

scholarly journals Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107602962110029
Author(s):  
Mira Merashli ◽  
Alessia Arcaro ◽  
Maria Graf ◽  
Matilde Caruso ◽  
Paul R. J. Ames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and sickle cell disease (SCD) has never been systematically addressed. Our aim was to evaluate potential links between SCD and aPL in all age groups. EMBASE/PubMed was screened from inception to May 2020 and Peto odds ratios for rare events were calculated. The pooled prevalence (PP) of IgG anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) was higher in individuals with SCD than in controls (27.9% vs 8.7%, P < 0.0001), that of IgM aCL was similar in the two groups (2.9% vs 2.7%); only individuals with SCD were positive for lupus anticoagulant (LA) (7.7% vs 0%, P < 0.0001). The PP of leg ulcers was similar between aPL positive and negative individuals (44% vs 53%) and between patients in acute crisis and stable patients (5.6% vs 7.3%). Reporting of aPL as a binary outcome and not as a titer precluded further interpretation. The results indicate that a prospective case-control study with serial measurements of a panel of aPL in SCD patients might be warranted, in order to understand further the possible pathogenic role of aPL in SCD.

scholarly journals Understanding the role of the shrimp gut microbiome in health and disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 107387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey C. Holt ◽  
David Bass ◽  
Grant D. Stentiford ◽  
Mark van der Giezen
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Understanding the role of gut microbiome–host metabolic signal disruption in health and disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Holmes ◽  
Jia V. Li ◽  
Thanos Athanasiou ◽  
Hutan Ashrafian ◽  
Jeremy K. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Metabolic Signal

scholarly journals Role of Precision Oncology in Type II Endometrial and Prostate Cancers in the African Population: Global Cancer Genomics Disparities

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Rahaba Marima ◽  
Rodney Hull ◽  
Mandisa Mbeje ◽  
Thulo Molefi ◽  
Kgomotso Mathabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
African Population ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
The Relationship

Precision oncology can be defined as molecular profiling of tumors to identify targetable alterations. Emerging research reports the high mortality rates associated with type II endometrial cancer in black women and with prostate cancer in men of African ancestry. The lack of adequate genetic reference information from the African genome is one of the major obstacles in exploring the benefits of precision oncology in the African context. Whilst external factors such as the geography, environment, health-care access and socio-economic status may contribute greatly towards the disparities observed in type II endometrial and prostate cancers in black populations compared to Caucasians, the contribution of African ancestry to the contribution of genetics to the etiology of these cancers cannot be ignored. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) continue to emerge as important regulators of gene expression and the key molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis. Particular attention is focused on activated/repressed genes and associated pathways, while the redundant pathways (pathways that have the same outcome or activate the same downstream effectors) are often ignored. However, comprehensive evidence to understand the relationship between type II endometrial cancer, prostate cancer and African ancestry remains poorly understood. The sub-Saharan African (SSA) region has both the highest incidence and mortality of both type II endometrial and prostate cancers. Understanding how the entire transcriptomic landscape of these two reproductive cancers is regulated by ncRNAs in an African cohort may help elucidate the relationship between race and pathological disparities of these two diseases. This review focuses on global disparities in medicine, PCa and ECa. The role of precision oncology in PCa and ECa in the African population will also be discussed.

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