Understanding the role of gut microbiome–host metabolic signal disruption in health and disease

There has been a recent, unprecedented interest in the role of gut microbiota in host health and disease. Technological advances have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence has indicated a strong link between gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the present article, we discuss the contribution of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CVD. We further discuss how the gut microbiome may differ between the sexes and how it may be influenced by sex hormones. We put forward that regulation of microbial composition and function by sex might lead to sex-biased disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sex differences in CVD. A better understanding of this could identify novel targets, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for men and women.

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Global and temporal state of the human gut microbiome in health and disease

10.21203/rs.3.rs-339282/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saeed Shoaie ◽

Sunjae Lee ◽

Mathieu Almeida ◽

Gholamreza Bidkhori ◽

Nicolas Pons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Integrative Analysis ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiome ◽

Health And Disease ◽

One Year ◽

The Stability ◽

Clinical Phenotyping ◽

Sampling Times

Abstract The role of gut microbiota in humans is of great interest, and metagenomics provided the possibilities for extensively analysing bacterial diversity in health and disease. Here we explored the human gut microbiome samples across 19 countries, performing compositional, functional and integrative analysis. To complement these data and analyse the stability of the microbiome, we followed 86 healthy Swedish individuals over one year, with four sampling times and extensive clinical phenotyping. The integrative analysis of temporal microbiome changes shows the existence of two types of species with a tendency to vary in abundance with time, here called outflow and inflow species. Importantly, the former tends to be enriched in disease, while the latter is enriched in health. We suggest that the decrease of disease-associated outflow and the increase of health-associated inflow species with time may be a fundamental albeit previously unrecognized aspect of the homeostasis maintenance in a healthy microbiome.

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Role of Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease

Microbiome-Host Interactions ◽

10.1201/9781003037521-9 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101-112

Author(s):

Nazar Reehana ◽

Mohamed Yousuff Mohamed Imran ◽

Nooruddin Thajuddin ◽

D. Dhanasekaran

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiome ◽

Health And Disease

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Rapidly expanding knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease ◽

10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.023 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1842 (10) ◽

pp. 1981-1992 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

M.C. Cénit ◽

V. Matzaraki ◽

E.F. Tigchelaar ◽

A. Zhernakova

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Health And Disease

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The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1602239 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (03) ◽

pp. 192-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Grace Chen

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Health And Disease

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that the gut microbiome, which consists of trillions of microbes representing over 1,000 species of bacteria with over 3 million genes, significantly impacts intestinal health and disease. The gut microbiota not only is capable of promoting intestinal homeostasis and antitumor responses but can also contribute to chronic dysregulated inflammation as well as have genotoxic effects that lead to carcinogenesis. Whether the gut microbiota maintains health or promotes colon cancer may ultimately depend on the composition of the gut microbiome and the balance within the microbial community of protective and detrimental bacterial populations. Disturbances in the normal balanced state of a healthful microbiome, known as dysbiosis, have been observed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, whether these alterations precede and cause CRC remains to be determined. Nonetheless, studies in mice strongly suggest that the gut microbiota can modulate susceptibility to CRC, and therefore may serve as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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The Environment Within: Exploring the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease

Environmental Health Perspectives ◽

10.1289/ehp.121-a276 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 121 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lindsey Konkel

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Health And Disease

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How the Gut Microbiome Links to Menopause and Obesity, with Possible Implications for Endometrial Cancer Development

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132916 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2916

Author(s):

Malou P. H. Schreurs ◽

Peggy J. de Vos van Steenwijk ◽

Andrea Romano ◽

Sabine Dieleman ◽

Henrica M. J. Werner

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Microbiome Diversity ◽

Health And Disease ◽

The Relationship ◽

Menopausal State ◽

Cancer Studies

Background: Interest is growing in the dynamic role of gut microbiome disturbances in human health and disease. No direct evidence is yet available to link gut microbiome dysbiosis to endometrial cancer. This review aims to understand any association between microbiome dysbiosis and important risk factors of endometrial cancer, high estrogen levels, postmenopause and obesity. Methods: A systematic search was performed with PubMed as primary database. Three separate searches were performed to identify all relevant studies. Results: Fifteen studies were identified as highly relevant and included in the review. Eight articles focused on the relationship with obesity and eight studies focused on the menopausal change or estrogen levels. Due to the heterogeneity in patient populations and outcome measures, no meta-analysis could be performed. Both the menopausal change and obesity were noted to enhance dysbiosis by reducing microbiome diversity and increasing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. Both also incurred estrobolome changes, leading to increased systemic estrogen levels, especially after menopause. Furthermore, microbiome dysbiosis was reported to be related to systemic inflammation through toll-like receptor signaling deficiencies and overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: This review highlights that the female gut microbiome is intrinsically linked to estrogen levels, menopausal state and systemic inflammation, which indicates gut microbiome dysbiosis as a potential hallmark for risk stratification for endometrial cancer. Studies are needed to further define the role the gut microbiome plays in women at risk for endometrial cancer.

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Linking Gut Microbiome and Lipid Metabolism: Moving beyond Associations

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11010055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Santosh Lamichhane ◽

Partho Sen ◽

Marina Amaral Alves ◽

Henrique C. Ribeiro ◽

Peppi Raunioniemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Lipid Homeostasis ◽

Microbial Lipids ◽

Human Gut ◽

Polar Metabolites ◽

Health And Disease

Various studies aiming to elucidate the role of the gut microbiome-metabolome co-axis in health and disease have primarily focused on water-soluble polar metabolites, whilst non-polar microbial lipids have received less attention. The concept of microbiota-dependent lipid biotransformation is over a century old. However, only recently, several studies have shown how microbial lipids alter intestinal and circulating lipid concentrations in the host, thus impacting human lipid homeostasis. There is emerging evidence that gut microbial communities play a particularly significant role in the regulation of host cholesterol and sphingolipid homeostasis. Here, we review and discuss recent research focusing on microbe-host-lipid co-metabolism. We also discuss the interplay of human gut microbiota and molecular lipids entering host systemic circulation, and its role in health and disease.

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Current Explorations of Nutrition and the Gut Microbiome: A Systematic Review (P20-032-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz040.p20-032-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Leigh Frame ◽

Elise Costa ◽

Scott Jackson

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Food Additives ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Future Research ◽

Intestinal Transit Time ◽

Food Components ◽

Health And Disease

Abstract Objectives The ability to measure and describe the microbiome has led to a surge in information about the gut microbiome and its role in health and disease. The relationship between nutrition and the gut microbiome is central, as the diet is a source of microbiota, a source of fuel for the microbiota, and an indicator of the composition of the gut microbiome. We aim to assess the current understanding of the interactions between nutrition and the gut microbiome in healthy adults. A solid understanding of the interactions between nutrition and a healthy gut microbiome will form the foundation for understanding the role in disease prevention and treatment. Methods PubMed and Google Scholar searches for review articles relating to nutrition and the gut microbiome in healthy adults led to the inclusion of 38 articles in this systematic review. Results Much of the research has focused on carbohydrates in the form of dietary fiber, which are fuel for the gut microbiota. The beneficial effects of fiber have centered on Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) that are required by colonocytes (barrier function), improve absorption (minerals, water), and reduce intestinal transit time (colon cancer). Contrastingly, a low fiber, high protein diet promotes microbial protein metabolism, leading to potentially dangerous by-products that can stagnate in the gut. The bidirectional relationship between micronutrition and the gut microbiome is emerging. The microbiota utilize and produce micronutrients, leading to confounding relationships between nutritional status and biologic micronutrient concentrations, chiefly the B and K vitamins. While promising, the study of non-nutritive food components (polyphenols) and the gut microbiome is in its infancy. The role of other food components (food additives, contaminants) warrant exploration and are a significant research gap to-date. Conclusions Diet and nutrition have profound effects on the gut microbiome composition. This, in turn, affects a wide array of metabolic, hormonal, and neurological processes that influence our health and disease. Currently, there is no consensus in the scientific community on what defines a “healthy” gut microbiome. Future research must consider individual responses to diet and the role of diet in the response of the gut microbiome to interventions. Funding Sources N/A. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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