scholarly journals Analysis of Gender Differences in the Rotational Alignment of the Distal Femur in Kinematically Aligned and Mechanically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3691
Author(s):  
Byung-Woo Cho ◽  
Hyoung-Taek Hong ◽  
Yong-Gon Koh ◽  
Jeehoon Choi ◽  
Kwan-Kyu Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Rotational Alignment ◽  
Axial Plane ◽  
Valgus Knee ◽  
Limb Alignment ◽  
Lower Limb Alignment ◽  
Korean Patients

To compare the angle between the external rotation references of the femoral components in the axial plane by gender and lower limb alignment in Korean patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 1273 patients were imported into a modeling software and segmented to develop three-dimensional femoral bony and cartilaginous models. The surgical transepicondylar axis (sTEA), posterior condylar axis (PCA), the kinematically aligned axis (KAA), and anteroposterior axis were used as rotational references in the axial plane for mechanically aligned (MA) TKA. The relationship among axes were investigated. Among 1273 patients, 942 were female and 331 were male. According to lower limb alignment, the varus and valgus knee groups comprised 848 and 425 patients, respectively. All measurements, except PCA-sTEA, differed significantly between men and women; all measurements, except PCA-sTEA, did not differ significantly between the varus and valgus knee groups. In elderly Korean patients with OA, rotational alignment of the distal femur showed gender differences, but no differences were seen according to lower limb alignment. The concern for malrotation of femoral components during kinematically aligned TKA is less in Koreans than in Caucasians and relatively less in women than in men. In MA TKA, malrotation of the femoral components can be avoided by setting different rotational alignments for the genders.

Posture and Gait Biomechanical Aspects during Pregnancy and the Importance of Therapeutic Exercise: Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Valgus Knee ◽  
Limb Alignment ◽  
Lower Limb Alignment ◽  
Increased Risk

The purpose of this study was to analyze studies that have investigated posture and gait during pregnancy and the importance of exercise. For this purpose, a systematic literature search was conducted on the following electronic databases: Scielo, Scopus, Embase, Pubmed, and Medline. Gait biomechanics, posture, lower limb alignment, postural balance, and physical exercise studies from 1943 to 2014 were accepted as potentially relevant for inclusion in this review. In general, posture studies showed that pregnant women demonstrated pain and discomfort in the pelvis and lumbar spine during pregnancy and after childbirth. Static posture changes, such as increased lumbar and thoracic curvatures during pregnancy and up to two months after childbirth, pelvic anteversion, and stretching of the abdominal musculature resulted in reduced functional stability of the hip. The lower limb alignment studies showed hyperextension or valgus knee and decreased longitudinal arch with increased support bases and distances between the feet. Postural balance studies showed that postural stability decreased during pregnancy and after childbirth, leading to an increased risk of falls. Gait studies showed a pattern of feet rollover with greater stance phase duration, a decrease of plantar flexion and propulsion force associated with increased hip flexion, as well as extensor and abductor moments. Other changes were characterized by greater anterior-posterior and medial-lateral sway with increased plantar load over the forefoot and rearfoot areas. Gait training and resistance exercises at moderate intensity showed to be low-cost aerobic exercises with positive therapeutic effects to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus. However, no studies were found regarding the therapeutic effects of exercise to improve the biomechanical aspects of posture, specially lumbar curvature, knee angle and plantar arch, and of gait, such as propulsion, hip angle and overload feet in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Supracondylar rotation osteotomy of the femur influences the coronal alignment of the ankle

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Konrads ◽  
Marc-Daniel Ahrend ◽  
Myriam R. Beyer ◽  
Ulrich Stöckle ◽  
Sufian S. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Osteotomy Site ◽  
Limb Alignment ◽  
Coronal Alignment ◽  
Rotational Osteotomy ◽  
Rotation Osteotomy

Abstract Purpose Osteotomies represent well-established treatment-options for the redistribution of loads and forces within and around the knee-joint. Effects of these osteotomies on the remaining planes and adjacent joints are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a distal-femoral-rotation-osteotomy on the coronal alignment of the ankle. It was hypothesized that supracondylar-external-rotation-osteotomy of the distal femur leads to a change in the coronal orientation of the ankle joint. Methods Long-leg standing radiographs and CT-based torsional measurements of 27 patients undergoing supracondylar-rotational-osteotomy of the femur between 2012 and 2019 were obtained and utilized for the purpose of this study. Postoperative radiographs were obtained after union at the osteotomy-site. The hip-knee-ankle-angle (HKA), the mechanical-lateral-distal-femur-angle (mLDFA), and Tibia-Plafond-Horizontal-Orientation-Angle (TPHA) around the ankle were measured. Comparison between means was performed using the Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney test. Results Twenty-seven patients with high femoral antetorsion (31.3° ± 4.0°) underwent supracondylar-external-rotation-osteotomy. The osteotomy led to a reduced antetorsion (17.4 ± 5.1; p < 0.001) and to a valgisation of the overall limb-alignment. The HKA decreased by 2.4° ± 1.4° (p < 0.001). The TPHA decreased by 2.6° (p < 0.001). Conclusions Supracondylar external rotation osteotomy of the femur leads to lateralization of the weight bearing line at the knee and ankle due to valgisation of the coronal limb alignment. The mobile subtalar joint has to compensate (inversion) for the resulting valgus orientation of the ankle to ensure contact between the foot and the floor. When planning a rotational osteotomy of the lower limb, this should be appreciated – especially in patients with a preexisting valgus alignment of the lower extremities or restricted mobility in the subtalar joint.

scholarly journals KINANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CORE

2020 ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Strahinja Nikolić ◽  
Zlatko Ahmetović ◽  
Zoran Đokić
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Limb Alignment ◽  
Lower Limb Alignment ◽  
The Core ◽  
Morphological Status ◽  
Lumbar Stabilization

The aim of this research is to investigate existing research dealing with the topic of the structure, functional and morphological status of the muscles that make up the body's core, as well as how improving the core affects the advancement of sports technique and its efficiency. The term core most commonly refers to the trunk, or more precisely, to the lumbar region. Core muscles play a significant role in lower limb alignment and stability, associated with poor alignment and injuries. The development of the core strength to improve the efficiency of sports performance is a controversial issue that has yielded different results. The analysis of the scientific journal articles revealed that the specificity of the program for increasing lumbar stabilization with the appropriate sport or skill is of the utmost importance. Therefore, it is necessary to specialize training facilities so that they are suited to a specific sport branch or discipline.

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