WHEAT ANDROCLINIC CALLI: DATA OF SCANNING ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY

The processes of formation different types of calli, as well as the morphogenesis pathways in morphogenic calli, were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during anther culture in vitro in hybrid line Fotos of spring soft wheat. The microspore haploid origin of calli has been proven. The morphological status of the obtained calli was determined. It was shown that morphogenic callus consists of small densely packed meristematic cells covered with extracellular substance. This type of calli was obtained using a variant of the Potato II induction culture medium, added by 1.0 mg/l synthetic auxin 2,4-D. Nonmorphogenic callus consists of large, elongated, loosely located cells with a smooth surface. This type of calli was obtained using a variant of the Potato II culture medium, added by 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D. It was found that the introduction of various IAA concentrations into the Blaydes nutrient medium for regeneration in morphogenic calli implements the following pathways of morphogenesis in vitro: embryoidogenesis (without IAA addition), gemmorhizogenesis (0.5 mg/l), and rhizogenesis (1.5 mg/l). Revealed degenerative changes in cells of nonmorphogenic calli. The fundamental possibility of regulating of the morphogenesis pathways of in vitro of morphogenic calli in the direction necessary for research in biotechnological research has been confirmed.

Letter chunk frequency does not explain morphological masked priming

Research on visual word identification has extensively investigated the role of morphemes, recurrent letter chunks that convey a fairly regular meaning (e.g., lead-er-ship). Masked priming studies highlighted morpheme identification in complex (e.g., sing-er) and pseudo-complex (corn-er) words, as well as in nonwords (e.g., basket-y). The present study investigated whether such sensitivity to morphemes could be rooted in the visual system sensitivity to statistics of letter (co)occurrence. To this aim, we assessed masked priming as induced by nonword primes obtained by combining a stem (e.g., bulb) with (i) naturally frequent, derivational suffixes (e.g., -ment), (ii) non-morphological, equally frequent word-endings (e.g., -idge), and (iii) non-morphological, infrequent word-endings (e.g., -kle). In two additional tasks, we collected interpretability and word-likeness measures for morphologically-structured nonwords, to assess whether priming is modulated by such factors. Results indicate that masked priming is not affected by either the frequency or the morphological status of word-endings, a pattern that was replicated in a second experiment including also lexical primes. Our findings are in line with models of early visual processing based on automatic stem/word extraction, and rule out letter chunk frequency as a main player in the early stages of visual word identification. Nonword interpretability and word-likeness do not affect this pattern.

Morphofunctional Changes Of The Thymus Under The Influence Of Various Environmental Factors

The study of the literature has shown that the morphological status of the thymus has been studied superficially in many works. The cellular composition of the thymus parts under the influence of physical or chemical environmental factors in the age aspect has not been studied enough. All this requires a more detailed study of the morphological changes occurring in this organ under the influence of various factors.

Somatotypological features of the formation of morphological status in the peripubertal period of ontogenesis

The performed analytical review of literature on constitutional features of the formation of morphological status in the peripubertal period of ontogenesis has found that somatometric indicators of schoolchildren living in different urban-ecological conditions statistically significantly differ but the identified trends in the physical development of children and adolescents are often contradictory. There is lack of synthesizing data that characterize the somatic status of different body type representatives among urban schoolchildren in Belarus, although these data are important for the assessment of the health status of children cohorts.

ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES AS THE INDICATORS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION RISK IN A GROUP OF ELDERLY WOMEN OF THE CITY OF BELGOROD

Было проведено сравнительное изучение трёх антропометрических индексов в качестве обобщённых характеристик морфологического статуса в связи с показателями АД в группе 50 женщин города Белгорода. Возраст участниц находился в возрастном диапазоне 50-79 лет, средний возраст - 61 год. В современной научной литературе широко обсуждается проблема выбора среди антропометрических индексов наиболее достоверного предиктора метаболических нарушений и связанных с ними заболеваний, в том числе повышенного АД. В работе рассмотрены три наиболее широко применяемых антропометрических индекса - ИМТ, индекс талия-бедра (ИТБ) и индекс талия-длина тела (ИТДТ). Индексы ИМТ и ИТДТ лучше, чем ИТБ отражают морфологические особенности выборки, которая отличается тенденцией к повышенной массе тела и повышенным обхватным размерам. Наиболее высокие и достоверные связи с АД в изученной выборке женщин выявлены для ИМТ. Итоги проведённого исследования подтверждают высокую прогностическую значимость ИМТ как показателя риска артериальной гипертензии и связанных с этим метаболических нарушений. A comparative study of three anthropometric indices as generalized characteristics of the morphological status of elderly women of Belgorod (sample size 50) in the connection with blood pressure (BP) was conducted. The age of the participants ranges from 50 to 79, with the average age of 61. In modern scientific literature, the problem of choosing among anthropometric indices the most reliable predictor of metabolic disorders and related diseases, including high BP, is widely discussed. The paper considers three most widely used anthropometric indices - body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR). BMI and WtHR better reflect morphological specificity of the sample, with a tendency to increased body mass and girths. The highest and most reliable associations with BP are identified for BMI. The results of the study confirm the high predictive value of BMI as an indicator of the risk of arterial hypertension and associated metabolic disorders

The Iron Age Dogs from Alaybeyi Höyük, Eastern Anatolia

To date, little is known about the biological and cultural status of Iron Age dogs in Anatolia. Here, we present a zooarchaeological study of an assemblage of 143 Iron Age dog bones, including two dog skeletons, unearthed from the 2016 and 2017 salvage excavations at Alaybeyi Höyük, Eastern Anatolia. At least eight adults and one juvenile individual, along with a large number of miscellaneous specimens, were identified. The morphological status of the Alaybeyi dogs were primarily compared to previously published Iron Age dogs from Yoncatepe in Eastern Anatolia, and with the average mean of 18 modern dog breeds. Unlike in other Eastern Anatolian Iron Age sites, butcher marks were observed in some specimens, indicating at least occasional cynophagy at the site. Noticeable pathologies were found in about 5% of the sample, particularly pathologies of the oral cavity and dentitions, suggesting that some of the dogs at Alaybeyi Höyük might have been undernourished, had to live on solid food, and probably injured by humans. The results of this study reflect both the morphological and biological status of Alaybeyi dogs, as well as the Alaybeyi people’s attitudes toward dogs, adding vital information to the very limited archaeological knowledge of dogs in Anatolia.

Letter chunk frequency does not explain morphological masked priming

Research on visual word identification has extensively investigated the role of morphemes, recurrent letter chunks that convey a fairly regular meaning (e.g.,lead-er-ship). Masked priming studies highlighted morpheme identification in complex (e.g., sing-er) and pseudo-complex (corn-er) words, as well as in nonwords (e.g., basket-y). The present study investigated whether such sensitivity to morphemes could be rooted in the visual system sensitivity to statistics of letter (co)occurrence. To this aim, we assessed masked priming as induced by nonword primes obtained by combining a stem (e.g.,bulb) with (i) naturally frequent, derivational suffixes (e.g.,-ment), (ii) non-morphological, equally frequent word endings (e.g.,-idge), and (iii) non-morphological, infrequent word endings (e.g.,-kle). In two additional tasks, we collected interpretability and word-likeness measures for morphologically-structured nonwords, to assess whether priming is modulated by such factors. Results indicate that masked priming is not affected by either the frequency or the morphological status of word endings. Our findings are in line with models of early visual processing based on automatic stem/word extraction, and rule out letter chunk frequency as a main player in the early stages of visual word identification. Nonword interpretability and word-likeness do not affect this pattern.

Semantic and grammatical parameters of the homocomplex as

The relevance of the research is due to the increased attention of linguists to grammatical homonymy. Within the framework of grammatical homonymy, morphological, interpart-of-speech and syntactic homonyms are distinguished. The focus is on the problems of part-of-speech homonymy, in particular on the phenomenon of morphological syncretism due to the ambiguity of structural and semantic features of parts of speech and changes of the morphological status of certain words in different syntagmatic environments. Changes in the categorical-semantic meaning of the lexical unit as, synonymous series of components of the specified sound complex, the nature of the syntagmatic environment, syntactic functions, positional fixation in a certain syntax unit, functional phraseology in compound conjunctions and particles are described. The conceptual scope of the term „homocomplex” is considered, it is defined as a sound complex, which is used to denote the title of a group of functional homonyms and words of the zone of syncretism. It is established that the homocomplex as is represented by three grammatical homonyms such as adverb, conjunction and particle. The source word for the formation of derivatives of the conjunction and particle is the adverb as. In the syntactic position of the adverb, this lexical unit appears in the adverbial position, expressing the following meanings: the question of manner (how?); the degree of detection of an action, state (very, extremely); mode of action (how); time of action (when); indefinite way (somehow). In the syntactic sphere of the conjunction, losing the ability to express a sign, the lexical unit „how” often serves as a means of expressing comparative semantic-syntactic relations; forming phraseologized compounds, it can act as an expression of clauses of condition, time and concession. Not denoting defining and adverbial meanings and not combining parts of a compound sentence, the lexical unit as belongs to the class of particles. A typical function of this particle is an amplifying one. It is complemented by additional semantic shades of meaning, such as „very”, „extremely”, „suddenly”, etc., which serve to express the speaker’s surprise, indignation, dissatisfaction, surprise, and others.

BLOOD MORPHOLOGICAL STATUS OF BLACK PIED SEED BULLSWHEN USING MINERAL SUPPLEMENT BASED ON MARAL ANTLER PRESS-CAKE

The usage period of seed-bulls, their sexual activity, the amount and quality of semen obtained from them depend both on the individual characteristics of the animal organ-ism and numerous environmental factors. The diet should contain all the necessary organic substances: easily digest-ible carbohydrates (starch and sugar), lipids, minerals and vitamins. The lack or deficiency of macro-and trace ele-ments in the diet and inadequate ratio of individual mineral elements disrupts the processes of nutrient intake into the animal body, thereby contributing to the disruption of meta-bolic processes. However, the mineral composition of plant forages depends largely on soil and climatic conditions, production and storage techniques. The average trace element deficiency in energy-balanced diets is 30-50%, and that necessitates using mineral supplements in animal diets. The nature of changes occurring in an animal body when feeding new forages, feed supplements, biological growth promoters and other products should and may be controlled through the main blood values. The research goal was to study the blood morphological composition of Black Pied seed bulls when using a mineral supplement based on maral antler press-cake. The experimental stud-ies were carried out in the breeding company AO “Plempredpriyatiye Barnaulskoye”, the Altai Region, in 2021, in the control and trial groups of comparable Black Pied seed bulls used on the farms of the Altai Region. Along with the basic diet, the seed bulls of the trial group received the mineral supplement based on maral antler press-cake; the daily dose -15.0 g per head, for 30 days with 10 days’ interval aftereach application. The supple-ment was mixed with compound feed before feeding. The mineral supplement was made at the Federal Altai Scien-tific Center of Agro-Biotechnologiesafter fermentation and autoclaving of maral antler press-cake; a significant amount of biologically active substances was found in ant-ler press-cake. The morphological status of the blood of seed bulls when using the mineral supplement made from maral antlers was characterized by a higher counts of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and leukocytes by 8.8%, 8.31% and 3.6%, higher values of hematocrit volume, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) by 9.78%, 0.3%, 1.8% and 1.4%, respectively, as compared to those blood indices of the control group animals; that was indica-tive of its hematopoietic effect.