scholarly journals Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorders in Deaf Children Using Two Standardised Assessment Instruments: The ADIR-Deaf Adaptation and the ADOS-2 Deaf Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4374
Author(s):  
Victoria Allgar ◽  
Barry Wright ◽  
Amelia Taylor ◽  
Ann Le Couter ◽  
Helen Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Nice Guideline ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The aim was to investigate the agreement between the ADI-R Deaf adaptation and ADOS-2 Deaf adaptation overall diagnostic categorisation for autism (AUT) and a wider threshold to include autism spectrum (ASD) in a cohort of deaf children with and without ASD. We compared results of the instruments used on their own and when combined and propose standard criteria for the combined use of the ADI-R Deaf adaptation and ADOS-2 Deaf adaptation for use with deaf children. In total, 116 deaf children had a Gold standard NICE guideline assessment; 58 diagnosed with ASD and 58 without ASD, and for both groups a blinded informant based ADI-R Deaf adaptation and direct assessment using the ADOS-2 Deaf adaptation were separately completed. There was moderate agreement between the ADI-R Deaf adaptation and ADOS-2 Deaf adaptation for the wider threshold of ASD (Kappa, 0.433). To achieve the lowest number of false negatives, the most successful assessment tool approach is using the wider threshold of ASD with either ADI-R Deaf adaptation or ADOS-2-Deaf adaptation (95% sensitivity). This compares with 88% for the ADI-R Deaf adaptation alone and 74% for the ADOS-2-Deaf adaptation alone (wider threshold of ASD). To achieve a low number of false positives, the most successful assessment tool approach is a combination of ADI-R Deaf adaptation and ADOS-2- Deaf adaptation (using the narrow threshold of autism for both) (95% specificity). This compares with 83% for the ADI-R Deaf adaptation alone and 81% for the ADOS-2-Deaf adaptation (narrow threshold) alone. This combination is therefore recommended in specialist clinics for diagnostic assessment in deaf children.

ADHD in adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kooij ◽  
Philip Asherson ◽  
Michael Rösler
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Collateral Information ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Instructions For Use

In this chapter, the diagnostic assessment of ADHD in adults is described, starting with the clinical picture, such as the symptoms and the areas of impairment. To start the diagnostic process, screening instruments may be used. During diagnostic assessment, collateral information and neuropsychological tests have their role. The assessment of frequently occurring comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, such as mood, anxiety, sleep, personality, and autism spectrum disorders, as well as addiction, is necessary to complete the clinical picture. Also, differential diagnosis is part of the diagnostic process. Finally, the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (DIVA 2.0), and the Conners Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview (CAADID) are described and discussed. Instructions for use of the DIVA are given. The adjustments in the DSM-5 criteria for ADHD, and the next edition of DIVA based on the DSM-5 criteria, DIVA-5, are described.

Observation-centered Approach to ASD Assessment in Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley J. Harrison ◽  
Eric H. Zimak ◽  
Stephen J. Sheinkopf ◽  
Karim P. Manji ◽  
Eric M. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Cultural Adaptations ◽  
Observation Instrument ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Abstract In many lower-income countries, there is a paucity of assessment services for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)., Guidelines will be provided for conducting cross-cultural assessments in the context of limited validated resources in Tanzania. By examining behavioral, social, and adaptive differences we were able to provide differential diagnostic evaluations aligning with best practice standards for 41 children in Tanzania age 2–21 years. We describe the utility of a flexible, behavioral observation instrument, the Childhood Autism Rating Scales, Second Edition (CARS2), to gather diagnostic information in a culturally sensitive manner. We observed that the ASD group was characterized by significantly higher scores on the CARS2, F  =  21.09, p < .001, η2  =  .37, than the general delay comparison group. Additional recommendations are provided for making cultural adaptations to current assessment instruments for use in a country without normed instruments, such as Tanzania.

Deaf Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2027-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christen A. Szymanski ◽  
Patrick J. Brice ◽  
Kay H. Lam ◽  
Sue A. Hotto
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Mapping Research Evidence on Children Living With Autism Spectrum Disorders in Africa: a Scoping Review Protocol.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Laari ◽  
Desmond Kuupiel ◽  
Christian Makafui Boso
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Research Bias ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Background: Early detection and intervention of children living with Autism Spectrum Disorders have shown a great improvement of the child's behaviour, predominantly in language and motor skills development. We are proposing to conduct a systematic scoping review that will map all evidence available on children living with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Africa.Methods and analysis: This study will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework of scoping reviews. A comprehensive literature search will be done in the following electronic databases. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Science Direct, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, Health Sources, and Google Scholar. Primary studies, published in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature such as unpublished studies, studies in press and Theses that address our research question will be included. To reduce research bias two independent reviewers will perform title, abstract, and full article screening in parallel. Data extraction from the selected studies will be conducted by two independent reviewers. NVivo version 12 software will be used to assist with the extraction of relevant answers to the study questions from selected studies using content thematic analysis. The results for this planned study will be presented following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). Mixed Methods Assessment Tool version 2018 will be used for quality appraisal of included studies.Discussion: We anticipate that the proposed mapped evidence on Children living with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Africa will reveal indicators for early detection that would facilitate strategies for intervention. We are also anticipating that this systematic scoping review will reveal gaps that can be addressed to ensure context-sensitive interventions and identify caregiver burdens of children living with Autism. This will contribute to the reduction of a scarcity of literature on children living with Autism in Africa.

Differentiële diag­nostiek van persoonlijk­heids­stoornissen en autisme­spectrum­stoornis bij ouderen

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comorbid Mental Disorders

Scientific knowledge of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in older adults is still scarce. Differential diagnosis of ASD and personality disorders is complicated, especially in later life. There is overlap between ASD and personality disorders, both conceptually and descriptively. The manifestation of both disorders is heterogeneous, influenced by age specific factors and characterised by similar behavioural symptoms and the lack of a sound developmental history. In both disorders, age specific changes can exceed adaptive abilities of patients, so ASD and personality disorders may become manifest for the first time in old age. More research is needed to fully understand the relationship between ASD and personality development across the life span. Also, there is a need for assessment instruments for both adults and older people with comorbid mental disorders and personality disorders in particular. As comorbidity of ASD and personality disorders appears to be common, more research should be done into treatment of comorbid personality disorders, also in later life.

FC05-04 - The gamse (grodberg autism mental status examination). Preliminary development of a standardized autism-focused exam

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1837-1837
Author(s):  
D. Grodberg ◽  
P. Weinger ◽  
A. Kolevzon ◽  
L. Soorya ◽  
J. Buxbaum
Keyword(s):  
Mental Status ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Observational Assessment ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Mental Status Examination ◽  
Autism Mental Status Examination

BackgroundThe traditional mental status examination, used universally in psychiatry, does not provide flexibility to accommodate the developmental perspective necessary for the examination of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The Grodberg Autism Mental Status Examination (GAMSE), developed at the Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, prompts the observation and recording of social, communicative and behavioral functioning in patients with ASD. The GAMSE contains 8 items, which produce a total score ranging from 0 to 16.Objectives1. To determine the validity of the GAMSE in accurately predicting diagnostic classification based on a gold standard observational assessment.2. To establish inter-rater reliability.MethodsEighty consecutive patients receiving autism diagnostic evaluations at the Seaver Autism Center were administered the GAMSE and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) as part of standard intake procedures. The classification accuracy of the GAMSE was assessed using the ADOS as the gold standard. Inter-rater reliability on the GAMSE was also examined (n = 44).ResultsA receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine a cut-off score based on the 8 items of the GAMSE. The most effective cut-off score of greater than or equal to 5 predicted outcome on the ADOS with a sensitivity of 0.94 and a specificity of 0.81. Co-rating of 44 participants on the AMSE resulted in an average measures intra-class correlation of 0.85.ConclusionsPreliminary results indicate excellent classification accuracy and suggest that the GAMSE may act as a useful standardized autism assessment tool for clinical and research endeavors.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND COMORBIDITIES OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medea Zirakashvili ◽  
Tamar Mikiashvili ◽  
Nana Mebonia ◽  
Maia Gabunia
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), complex neurodevelopmental condition with lifelong impacts, typically identified in early childhood. Despite the fact that 95% of all <5 years of age with developmental disabilities including ASD live in low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of ASD in many these countries is unknown. Objectives and goals The study aimed to identify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of ASD and its comorbidities among 8-10 y old schoolchildren in Republic of Georgia. Material and Methods The study conducted in four steps: screening, sampling, diagnostic assessment, and quality control of best-estimate diagnosis with target population of 3rd grade students of five main cities (Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Batumi, Zugdidi, Telavi) of Georgia (N=22,553). To determine children at risk for ASD the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) was used completed by parents and teachers. Parents of children who screened positive were offered comprehensive assessment using standardized diagnostic procedures. Results and Conclusions 16654 (response rate 74%) parents were agreed to participate in the screening stage. Cut-off scores for 99-95 percentiles (top 1-5%) was defined. For the 1168 sampled screen-positive students 704 (60.3%) consented to participate in the diagnostic assessment, and 215 among them (30.5%) completed full assessment. The control group of 23 children (from non in top 10%) were fully assessed for ASD. The prevalence of ASD was estimated to be 1.34% (95%CI=2.15-4.41). From ASD group 77.5% of cases were undiagnosed to have any neurodevelopmental disorder. Comorbidity of Intellectual disability was in 22.5% of children with ASD (IQ<70), and 31% have IQ>111. The study defined need for the use of broader screening in primary healthcare and school settings to identify children with special needs and ensure their adequate services.

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