scholarly journals The Netherlands Is on Track to Meet the World Health Organization Hepatitis C Elimination Targets by 2030

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4562
Author(s):  
Marleen van Dijk ◽  
Sylvia M. Brakenhoff ◽  
Cas J. Isfordink ◽  
Wei-Han Cheng ◽  
Hans Blokzijl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
World Health ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The Netherlands strives for hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination, in accordance with the World Health Organization targets. An accurate estimate when HCV elimination will be reached is elusive. We have embarked on a nationwide HCV elimination project (CELINE) that allowed us to harvest detailed data on the Dutch HCV epidemic. This study aims to provide a well-supported timeline towards HCV elimination in The Netherlands. Methods: A previously published Markov model was used, adopting published data and unpublished CELINE project data. Two main scenarios were devised. In the Status Quo scenario, 2020 diagnosis and treatment levels remained constant in subsequent years. In the Gradual Decline scenario, an annual decrease of 10% in both diagnoses and treatments was implemented, starting in 2020. WHO incidence target was disregarded, due to low HCV incidence in The Netherlands (≤5 per 100,000). Results: Following the Status Quo and Gradual Decline scenarios, The Netherlands would meet WHO’s elimination targets by 2027 and 2032, respectively. From 2015 to 2030, liver-related mortality would be reduced by 97% in the Status Quo and 93% in the Gradual Decline scenario. Compared to the Status Quo scenario, the Gradual Decline scenario would result in 12 excess cases of decompensated cirrhosis, 18 excess cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, and 20 excess cases of liver-related death from 2020–2030. Conclusions: The Netherlands is on track to reach HCV elimination by 2030. However, it is vital that HCV elimination remains high on the agenda to ensure adequate numbers of patients are being diagnosed and treated.

scholarly journals Status Hukum Khitan Perempuan (Perdebatan Pandangan Ulama dan Permenkes RI No.1636/MENKES/PER/XI/2010)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
Aisyatul Azizah
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Female Circumcision ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Ministry ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Organization

Khitan bagi laki-laki adalah wajib. Hal ini berbeda dengan khitan perempuan. Permasalahan ini menuai kontroversi baik terkait praktik dan status hukum. Polemik besar bergulir pasca Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) berfatwa No. 9A tahun 2008. Legal himbauan ini mengatur pelarangan khitan terhadap perempuan. Pelarangan juga dimaklumatkan WHO (World Health Organitation), badan kesehatan dunia ini mengungkapkan dampak negatif pada praktik khitan perempuan. Data 140 juta perempuan mengalami pendarahan, gangguan buang air kecil, kista, dan kemandulan akibat berkhitan. LSM kemudian memvonis khitan perempuan berbahaya. Larangan tanpa tegas pada khitan perempuan juga diterbitkan kementerian Kesehatan yang membatalkan Permenkes Nomor 1636/MENKES/PER/XI/2010 dengan Permenkes Nomor 6 Tahun 2014. Hal ini menjadikan aturan khitan perempuan kurang jelas dimasyarakat. Dalam status Hukum Positif dan agama,tidak ada pelarangan maupun penganjuran secara mutlak. Namun demikian, khitan perempuan merupakan tradisi yangdipercaya sebagai penyempurna agama dalamajaran pada prilaku kesopanan. Di Indonesia, khitan perempuan dirayakan khusus dan sebagai argumen pelestarian adat dan budaya.[Circumcision for men is mandatory in Islamic Syari’ah. It is different from female circumcision. The issue is reaping controversy both practice and legal status. Public polemics is one reason in the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) fatwa No. 9A of 2008. The law stipulates the prohibition of female circumcision. The prohibition is announced by the WHO (World Health Organization), the world health agency that reveals negative things in female circumcision. Data on 140 million women experienced bleeding, urination problems, cysts, and infertility due to circumcision. NGOs is the next convicted female circumcision as a dangerous practice. Health Ministry also published an unequivocal prohibition on female circumcision, which canceled the Ministry rule (Permenkes) No. 1636 / MENKES / PER / XI / 2010 with Permenkes No. 6/2014. It makes the concept of rules for female circumcision less clear in society. In the status of positive law and religion, there is no absolute prohibition or recommendation. However, female circumcision is a culture believed as a religious accomplishment to make polite women. In Indonesia, female circumcision is special celebrations and argument for the preservation of tradition and culture.] 

scholarly journals Prequalification of the first rapid diagnostic hepatitis C virus test: The World Health Organization

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
SaurabhRamBihariLal Shrivastava ◽  
PrateekSaurabh Shrivastava ◽  
Jegadeesh Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals ICU respiratory admissions data for influenza severity surveillance?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte Van Asten ◽  
Angie Luna Pinzon ◽  
Dylan W De Lange ◽  
Evert De Jonge ◽  
Frederika Dijkstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Admission Diagnosis ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

ObjectiveIntensive Care Unit (ICU) data are registered for quality monitoring in the Netherlands with near 100% coverage. They are a ‘big data’ type source that may be useful for infectious disease surveillance. We explored their potential to enhance the surveillance of influenza which is currently based on the milder end of the disease spectrum. We ultimately aim to set up a real-surveillance system of severe acute respiratory infections.IntroductionWhile influenza-like-illness (ILI) surveillance is well-organized at primary care level in Europe, little data is available on more severe cases. With retrospective data from ICU’s we aim to fill this current knowledge gap and to explore its worth for prospective surveillance. Using multiple parameters proposed by the World Health Organization we estimated the burden of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) to ICU and how this varies between influenza epidemics.MethodsWe analyzed weekly ICU admissions of adults in the Netherlands (2007-2016) from the national intensive care evaluation (NICE) quality registry (100% coverage of adult ICU in 2016; population size 14 million adults. A SARI syndrome was defined as admission diagnosis being any of 6 pneumonia or pulmonary sepsis codes in the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) prognostic model. Influenza epidemic periods were retrieved from primary care sentinel influenza surveillance data. In recent years NICE has explored and promoted increased timeliness and automation of data transfer.ResultsAnnually, 11-14% of medical admissions to adult ICUs were for a SARI (5-25% weekly). Admissions for bacterial pneumonia (59%) and pulmonary sepsis (25%) contributed most to ICU-SARI. Between influenza epidemics, severity indicators varied: ICU-SARI incidence (between 558-2,400 cumulated admissions nation-wide, rate: 0.40-1.71/10,000 inhabitants), average APACHE score (between 71-78), ICU-SARI mortality (between 13-20%), ICU-SARI/ILI ratio (between 8-17 SARI ICU cases per 1,000 expected medically attended influenza-like-illness in primary care), peak incidence (between 101-188 ICU-SARI admissions nationally in the highest week, rate: between 0.07-0.13/10,000 population).ICUs use different types of electronic health records (EHRs). Data submitted to the NICE registry is mainly based on routinely collected data extracted from these EHRs. The timeliness of data submission varies between a few weeks and three months. Together with ICUs, the NICE registry has recently undertaken actions to increase timeliness of ICU data submission.ConclusionsIn ICU data, great variation can be seen between the yearly influenza epidemic periods in terms of different influenza severity parameters. The parameters also complement each other by reflecting different aspects of severity. Prospective syndromic ICU-SARI surveillance, as proposed by the World Health Organization would provide insight into severity of ongoing influenza epidemics which differ from season to season.Currently a subset of hospitals provide data with a 6-week delay. This can be a worthwhile addition to current influenza surveillance, which, while timelier, is based on milder cases seen by general practitioners (primary care). Future increases in data timeliness will remain an aim.

World Health Organization

1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
United Nations ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Health Organization

On April 7, 1948 the World Health Organization came into existence as a specialized agency of the United Nations with the ratification of its constitution by the Byelorussian SSR and Mexico. These ratifications brought the total number of ratifying States (Member governments of the United Nations) to 27, or one more than were required by the WHO Constitution to bring the Organization into existence. The Member states who had ratified the Constitution at that time were Australia, Canada, China, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Greece, Haiti, India, Iran, Iraq, Liberia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Siam, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, Ukrainian SSR, Union of South Africa, USSR, United Kingdom, and Yugoslavia. In addition, Albania, Austria, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland and Transjordan had also joined the organization.

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