scholarly journals ICU respiratory admissions data for influenza severity surveillance?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte Van Asten ◽  
Angie Luna Pinzon ◽  
Dylan W De Lange ◽  
Evert De Jonge ◽  
Frederika Dijkstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Admission Diagnosis ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

ObjectiveIntensive Care Unit (ICU) data are registered for quality monitoring in the Netherlands with near 100% coverage. They are a ‘big data’ type source that may be useful for infectious disease surveillance. We explored their potential to enhance the surveillance of influenza which is currently based on the milder end of the disease spectrum. We ultimately aim to set up a real-surveillance system of severe acute respiratory infections.IntroductionWhile influenza-like-illness (ILI) surveillance is well-organized at primary care level in Europe, little data is available on more severe cases. With retrospective data from ICU’s we aim to fill this current knowledge gap and to explore its worth for prospective surveillance. Using multiple parameters proposed by the World Health Organization we estimated the burden of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) to ICU and how this varies between influenza epidemics.MethodsWe analyzed weekly ICU admissions of adults in the Netherlands (2007-2016) from the national intensive care evaluation (NICE) quality registry (100% coverage of adult ICU in 2016; population size 14 million adults. A SARI syndrome was defined as admission diagnosis being any of 6 pneumonia or pulmonary sepsis codes in the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) prognostic model. Influenza epidemic periods were retrieved from primary care sentinel influenza surveillance data. In recent years NICE has explored and promoted increased timeliness and automation of data transfer.ResultsAnnually, 11-14% of medical admissions to adult ICUs were for a SARI (5-25% weekly). Admissions for bacterial pneumonia (59%) and pulmonary sepsis (25%) contributed most to ICU-SARI. Between influenza epidemics, severity indicators varied: ICU-SARI incidence (between 558-2,400 cumulated admissions nation-wide, rate: 0.40-1.71/10,000 inhabitants), average APACHE score (between 71-78), ICU-SARI mortality (between 13-20%), ICU-SARI/ILI ratio (between 8-17 SARI ICU cases per 1,000 expected medically attended influenza-like-illness in primary care), peak incidence (between 101-188 ICU-SARI admissions nationally in the highest week, rate: between 0.07-0.13/10,000 population).ICUs use different types of electronic health records (EHRs). Data submitted to the NICE registry is mainly based on routinely collected data extracted from these EHRs. The timeliness of data submission varies between a few weeks and three months. Together with ICUs, the NICE registry has recently undertaken actions to increase timeliness of ICU data submission.ConclusionsIn ICU data, great variation can be seen between the yearly influenza epidemic periods in terms of different influenza severity parameters. The parameters also complement each other by reflecting different aspects of severity. Prospective syndromic ICU-SARI surveillance, as proposed by the World Health Organization would provide insight into severity of ongoing influenza epidemics which differ from season to season.Currently a subset of hospitals provide data with a 6-week delay. This can be a worthwhile addition to current influenza surveillance, which, while timelier, is based on milder cases seen by general practitioners (primary care). Future increases in data timeliness will remain an aim.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Surveillance To Establish Thresholds For Influenza Among Children In Satellite Cities Of A metropolitan area of Tokyo, Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Matsuda ◽  
Kei Asayama ◽  
Taku Obara ◽  
Naoto Yagi ◽  
Takayoshi Ohkubo
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Type A ◽  
World Health ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Few reports have longitudinally investigated seasonal influenza epidemiological surveillance data of pediatric populations in the metropolitan areas of Japan. We aimed to provide descriptive characteristics of circulating influenza and to investigate the usefulness of setting thresholds for influenza in children (0–15 years old) in two satellite cities of a metropolitan area of Tokyo, Japan, for five consecutive seasons of the influenza epidemic.Methods: The survey was conducted annually during the influenza season, from 2014 to 2018 (ending March 2019), at preschools (kindergartens and nursery schools), elementary schools, and junior high schools located in Toda and Warabi cities, Saitama prefecture. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics and established thresholds using the World Health Organization method.Results: Of the 108,362 children (21,024 to 22,088 throughout five seasons) who received the questionnaire, 76,753 (70.8%; 14,652 to 15,808) responded. After exclusion of responses without basic information, 64,586 children were included in the analysis, of which 13,754 (21.3%) had tested positive for influenza. Influenza type A was generally dominant, whereas type B was responsible for a substantial share of all influenza cases (>40% in seasons 2015 and 2017, when type A circulated with low incidence). The weeks when the influenza epidemic peaked had no clear seasonal pattern among the surveyed years, i.e., the peaks appeared at week 51 (mid-December) or later, whereas the World Health Organization methods reported that the median period when a peak was observed was at 3 weeks (mid-January), regardless of school age group.Conclusions: The present information obtained from the epidemiological survey regarding seasonal influenza in children would be useful for general practitioners, health policymakers, and planners who establish prevention and control methods against influenza.

scholarly journals Revision of the classification of mental disorders in ICD–11 and DSM–V: work in progress

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Work Done

SummaryThis editorial summarises the work done to prepare ICD–11 and DSM–V (which should be published in 2015 and 2013 respectively). It gives a brief description of the structures that have been put in place by the World Health Organization and by the American Psychiatric Association and lists the issues and challenges that face the two organisations on their road to the revisions of the classifications. These include dilemmas about the ways of presentation of the revisions (e.g. whether dimensions should be added to categories or even replace them), about different versions of the classifications (e.g. the primary care and research versions), about ways to ensure that the best of evidence as well as experience are taken into account in drafting the revision and many other issues that will have to be resolved in the immediate future.

scholarly journals The Netherlands Is on Track to Meet the World Health Organization Hepatitis C Elimination Targets by 2030

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4562
Author(s):  
Marleen van Dijk ◽  
Sylvia M. Brakenhoff ◽  
Cas J. Isfordink ◽  
Wei-Han Cheng ◽  
Hans Blokzijl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
World Health ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The Netherlands strives for hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination, in accordance with the World Health Organization targets. An accurate estimate when HCV elimination will be reached is elusive. We have embarked on a nationwide HCV elimination project (CELINE) that allowed us to harvest detailed data on the Dutch HCV epidemic. This study aims to provide a well-supported timeline towards HCV elimination in The Netherlands. Methods: A previously published Markov model was used, adopting published data and unpublished CELINE project data. Two main scenarios were devised. In the Status Quo scenario, 2020 diagnosis and treatment levels remained constant in subsequent years. In the Gradual Decline scenario, an annual decrease of 10% in both diagnoses and treatments was implemented, starting in 2020. WHO incidence target was disregarded, due to low HCV incidence in The Netherlands (≤5 per 100,000). Results: Following the Status Quo and Gradual Decline scenarios, The Netherlands would meet WHO’s elimination targets by 2027 and 2032, respectively. From 2015 to 2030, liver-related mortality would be reduced by 97% in the Status Quo and 93% in the Gradual Decline scenario. Compared to the Status Quo scenario, the Gradual Decline scenario would result in 12 excess cases of decompensated cirrhosis, 18 excess cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, and 20 excess cases of liver-related death from 2020–2030. Conclusions: The Netherlands is on track to reach HCV elimination by 2030. However, it is vital that HCV elimination remains high on the agenda to ensure adequate numbers of patients are being diagnosed and treated.

An Overview of Primary Health Care

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fry
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Primary health care has become a focus of interest from the World Health Organization down. The hopes that more emphasis on primary care will lead to less expensive and better care will not be realized unless a more critical analysis of its problems is undertaken and some of its defects and deficiencies put right. Its roles must be better defined and the work shared within a team; training and education must be more related to its needs; and much sharper research is required to decide what is useful and what is useless.

scholarly journals Age-Friendly Health Care: A Systematic Review

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Jéssica Tavares ◽  
Gonçalo Santinha ◽  
Nelson P. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Health care provided to older adults must take into account the characteristics of chronic diseases and the comorbidities resulting from ageing. However, health services are still too oriented towards acute situations. To overcome this problem, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a set of Age-Friendly Principles that seek to optimize the provision of health care for this population. This article aims to understand how such Principles are considered in the implementation of age-friendly health care worldwide. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to synthesize the literature on age-friendly health care in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Results: The research identified 34 articles, with only seven recognizing the WHO Principles and only four using the implementation toolkit. In addition, in the context of primary care, three studies recognize the WHO Principles, but only two use the toolkit. Conclusions: The WHO Principles are being implemented in health care, but in a smaller scale than desired, which reveals possible flaws in their dissemination and standardization. Thus, a greater scientific investment in age-friendly health care should be considered, which represents a greater operationalization of the Principles and an evaluation of their effectiveness and impacts.

World Health Organization

1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
United Nations ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Health Organization

On April 7, 1948 the World Health Organization came into existence as a specialized agency of the United Nations with the ratification of its constitution by the Byelorussian SSR and Mexico. These ratifications brought the total number of ratifying States (Member governments of the United Nations) to 27, or one more than were required by the WHO Constitution to bring the Organization into existence. The Member states who had ratified the Constitution at that time were Australia, Canada, China, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Greece, Haiti, India, Iran, Iraq, Liberia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Siam, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, Ukrainian SSR, Union of South Africa, USSR, United Kingdom, and Yugoslavia. In addition, Albania, Austria, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland and Transjordan had also joined the organization.

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